聚天冬氨酸共聚物阻磷酸钙垢性能研究

以天冬氨酸(ASP)、2-氨基乙磺酸(AESA)、氢氧化钠等为原料制备了一种无磷环保型阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸共聚物(PASP-AESA-ASP),采取静态阻垢法考察了其阻磷酸钙垢性能,用扫描电子显微镜观察了加入聚天冬氨酸共聚物后形成的磷酸钙形貌。实验结果表明,聚天冬氨酸共聚物阻磷酸钙垢的性能明显高于聚天冬氨酸,在加药量为6 mg/L时,比聚天冬氨酸的阻垢率提高了86%;对不同磷酸钙离子浓度的阻垢率也均有很好的效果,在加药量为14 mg/L时,聚天冬氨酸共聚物的阻垢率均达到了91%以上,当PO43-为10 mg/L时其阻垢率达到了95.2%。     

无磷阻垢缓蚀剂在电厂循环冷却水中的应用

为6#机组循环冷却水系统选择无磷水处理方案,采用动态模拟试验和工业化试验方法对SPC-5502无磷阻垢缓蚀剂进行性能评价。试验结果表明,动态模拟试验中循环冷却水系统pH值在8.0~8.6,浓缩倍数为4~7,投加SPC-5502无磷阻垢缓蚀剂110 mg/L以控制锌离子质量浓度为1~2 mg/L,同时冲击投加氧化性杀菌剂SPC-1206,碳钢试管腐蚀速率、粘附速率分别为0.036 mm/a、3.04 mcm,均优于GB 50050—2007《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》的要求。此无磷水处理方案经过6个月的工业化试验,循环冷却水系统各项监测指标均达到中石化企业标准Q/SH 0628.2—2014《水务管理技术要求第2部分循环水》的要求,减少了磷排放。     

某聚羧酸盐废水处理工程试验、设计及运行

聚羧酸盐是一种良好的分散剂和表面活性剂,少量浓度即可导致悬浮物不易沉降、好氧池产生大量泡沫,严重影响废水处理设施的正常运行。根据中试试验结果,设计采用气能絮凝(GEF)为核心工艺,对合成橡胶车间排水进行预处理,2年运行结果表明,系统出水稳定实现ρ(聚羧酸盐)≤2 mg/L,ρ(SS)≤40 mg/L。详细介绍了该工程的工艺试验、工程设计及运行情况,并总结了该工程设计及运行存在的问题。     

循环冷却水无磷阻垢缓蚀剂的研究

以聚环氧琥珀酸、磺酸基共聚物、缓蚀助剂为原料,研制出一种循环冷却水无磷阻垢缓蚀剂,通过静态阻垢试验、旋转挂片腐蚀试验和动态模拟试验,对无磷阻垢缓蚀剂的阻垢性能和缓蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明,在循环冷却水系统中,无磷阻垢缓蚀剂质量浓度为60 mg/L,此时的阻垢率95%,腐蚀速率为0.029 0 mm/a,无磷阻垢缓蚀剂的阻垢缓蚀性能优良,可替代循环冷却水系统中应用的磷系水处理剂。     

绿色阻垢缓蚀剂聚天冬氨酸的研制及性能研究

以尿素和马来酸酐为主要原料、采用新的合成路线和方法制备出无磷缓蚀阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸(PASP),由此新工艺合成的PASP,不仅工艺简单、成本低,而且阻垢缓蚀性能均达到或超过传统路线合成的PASP,在45℃、Ca2+质量浓度为200 mg/L条件下,只需加本工艺合成的PASP至4 mg/L,阻垢效果就可达到95％以上,并持效20 h以上.     

Fenton氧化-活性炭吸附法处理油田含聚污水的生化出水

为解决油田含聚污水的生化处理出水不达标的问题,在油田终端污水处理厂建设一套Fenton氧化-活性炭吸附深度处理系统。经过现场调试,确定了Fenton氧化-活性炭吸附深度处理系统的最适宜运行条件。运行结果表明,经过该深度处理系统处理后的出水CODCr质量浓度可达到50 mg/L以下,NH3-N质量浓度在3 mg/L以下,满足设计要求。     

无磷水处理药剂的研发与应用

针对某厂Ⅱ循环水系统采用有磷水处理药剂,造成排污水总磷含量偏高的问题,通过一系列试验研究,中国石化中原油田天然气处理厂开发出无磷水处理药剂PG-11代替原有的水处理药剂。使用后取得了良好的效果,排污水总磷(ρ)平均由9.39 mg/L降至7.8 mg/L,用水量同比节约32%。2015年Ⅱ循环水系统水质合格率99.7%,系统整体运行平稳。     

ABR+生物接触氧化工艺处理乳业废水工程应用

采用ABR(厌氧折板反应器)+生物接触氧化组合工艺对乳业废水进行处理,当进水COD约为800~3 500mg/L、BOD5约为600~2 100 mg/L、SS≤500 mg/L、动植物油≤500 mg/L时,经该工艺处理后出水COD稳定在44~62 mg/L、BOD5稳定在8.2~11 mg/L、SS稳定在14~20 mg/L、动植物油脂≤10 mg/L,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)一级标准的要求。工程运行实践表明,该系统运行稳定,处理效率高,具有良好的经济效益与环境效益。     

环境友好型无磷缓蚀剂性能研究

针对聚天冬氨酸在高硬度、高碱度水质中缓蚀性能差的问题,以聚天冬氨酸为基础,将聚天冬氨酸、丙烯三羧酸-丙烯酸共聚物、葡萄糖酸钠和锌盐按一定比例复配成多元无磷复合水处理剂,并对其缓蚀和生物降解性能进行了评定。研究表明,当药剂配方为聚天冬氨酸4 mg/L、丙烯三羧酸-丙烯酸共聚物8 mg/L、葡萄糖酸钠20 mg/L和锌盐2 mg/L时,对碳钢的腐蚀率为0.018 0 mm/a,缓蚀率达98.01%。在Cl-和SO2-4含量较高的复杂水质体系中,缓蚀率仍能达90%以上。28 d后,生物降解率达87.5%。该药剂是适用于高硬度和高碱度等复杂水质体系的可生物降解的无磷环保型多功能缓蚀剂。     

环境友好型无磷无氮缓蚀剂性能研究

以磺酸基环氧琥珀酸聚合物、葡萄糖酸钠、聚环氧琥珀酸和硫酸锌为组分,进行复合配制,通过静态挂片和动态挂片实验法,筛选了复合缓蚀剂配方,并对其生物降解性能进行了评定。采用电化学法和对腐蚀试片的表面结构进行表征,分析了复合缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理。结果表明,药剂浓度按照50 mg/L ESA/IA/SMAS+100 mg/L PTT+50mg/L PESA+5 mg/L Zn²⁺投加测得的缓蚀率可达95.61%,腐蚀率为0.014 26 mm/a,生物降解率达88.19%。复合药剂可以在碳钢表面形成致密的保护膜,属于混合型缓蚀剂。该4组分复合配方缓蚀剂无磷无氮,是一种高性能的绿色缓蚀剂。     

我国脂肪酸的生产和应用

简要介绍脂肪酸的分类、原料来源、生产工艺、品种以及用途。并对我国脂肪酸的生产现状进行了分析。重点介绍了脂肪酸在我国橡胶工业中、塑料助剂等领域的应用,脂肪酸甲酯作为表面活性剂在不同领域的广泛应用,最后还简述了癸二酸和改性醇酸树脂应用。     

酸液体系的研究现状分析和现场应用

酸化解堵与压裂改造相比,它具有施工相对简单和成本相对较低等特点,所以酸化解堵是一项各油田广泛使用的油气田增产技术。酸化解堵技术已有将近100历史,现已研制出具有不同特点的酸液体系,如乳化酸、泡沫酸、固体酸、多氢酸等,基本能满足复杂地质条件对酸液的要求。     

油酸的精制研究

油酸酰胺是一种很好的塑料添加剂 ,可用作塑料加工成型时的脱膜剂、润滑剂。油酸的原料来源很广 ,牛油、羊油、猪油等动物油油脂以及大豆油、花生油、棕榈油等植物油脂中都含有大量的油酸。由于油酸的来源和生产方法多种多样 ,因此其所含的脂肪酸种类及含量都不尽相同。除油酸外 ,还有亚油酸、亚麻酸等高不饱和脂肪酸。针对油酸中因含有大量的多不饱和组分如亚油酸、亚麻酸而容易产生氧化泛黄的问题 ,采取了尿素络合法对原料油酸进行精制 ,以减少原料中亚油酸、亚麻酸组分的含量。经气相色谱验证 ,产品达到了应用指标 ,提高了产品的抗氧性。     

The Growth‐Inhibiting Effects of Beef Fatty Acids on MCF‐7 Cells Are Influenced Mostly by the Depot Location and Inconsistently by the Biohydrogenation Intermediate Content

Biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are formed during ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in ruminants. Although many studies have examined the anticarcinogenic effects of CLA, few studies have reported the anticarcinogenic properties of BHI in their natural form found in dairy and beef fats. The present study compared the growth‐inhibitory effects of fatty acids from beef perirenal fat (PRF) or subcutaneous fat (SCF) with low or high levels of BHI in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to 400 μM) of different beef fat treatments. Fatty‐acid analysis showed that BHI were readily incorporated into cell phospholipids (PL) in a treatment‐dependent manner, but higher BHI in PL did not consistently inhibit growth. Culturing with low‐BHI PRF or high‐BHI PRF did not lead to growth inhibition, but low‐BHI SCF inhibited growth, and inhibition was further increased by high‐BHI SCF. Other classes of fatty acids may, therefore, be interacting with BHI resulting in differential effects on growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells.     

磷钼杂多酸的合成研究

介绍了磷钼杂多酸的合成。通过正交试验探讨了反应物料量比、三氧化钼浓度、反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响。结果表明,最适宜的反应条件为:反应物量比n(三氧化钼)∶n(磷酸)=12∶1.0、反应温度t=70℃、反应时间7 h、三氧化钼与水的质量比1∶8。经红外光谱分析及熔点测定确定所得产品为磷钼杂多酸化合物。并以磷钼杂多酸取代硫酸作催化剂制备乙酸乙醋来研究其催化活性,并与硫酸做催化剂进行对比实验收率为70.75%,超过硫酸催化剂水平。     

Fatty Acid Profiles in Sunflower Grains During Storage in Different Environments

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of sunflower oil extracted from hybrid grains produced and stored in different environments. The trials were conducted in Teresina (Piauí), Vilhena (Rondônia), and Jaguariúna (São Paulo) in randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. After harvesting, grains from 1 high oleic and 3 traditional hybrids were packed in kraft paper bags and stored in a covered shed and in a cold chamber up to 12 months. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography after 0, 4, 8, and 12 months of storage. Analyses of variance were conducted in a split‐plot design, with hybrids being considered as whole plots and storage times as subplots. Tukey's test was performed to compare hybrids and regression analyses for storage times. The initial fatty acid profile of the grains of the same hybrid varied depending on the production location. The grain storage of high oleic and traditional sunflower hybrids during 12 months in covered shed and in cold chamber resulted in little changes in oil fatty acid profiles, regardless of the initial contents. These changes occurred only for linoleic and palmitic acids.     

Fatty Acid Profiles of Oil Obtained from Mid-Oleic Sunflowers Grown in Tropical Region

This study aimed to verify whether the fatty acid profiles of mid-oleic genotypes grown in the tropical region of Brazil fit the Codex Alimentarius and to examine the possibility of using traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids. For this purpose, we assessed the fatty acid profile of six mid-oleic hybrids grown in environments with different minimum temperatures during oil formation in the achenes. The tests were conducted between 2015 and 2017 in an experimentally randomized complete block design with four replications. The oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid contents were determined using gas chromatography. The mid-oleic hybrids presented varying levels of fatty acids, with oleic acid ranging between 43.6% and 84.6%, linoleic acid between 8.5% and 45.6%, palmitic acid between 3.9% and 5.7%, and stearic acid between 2.2% and 6.2%. Some of the fatty acid values were outside the ranges established by the CODEX STAN 210-1999 and were characteristic of high-oleic type sunflowers. This finding shows that we can take advantage of the potential of combining traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids for faster and more economical breeding programs in these environments.     

Quality of Sunflower Oil Obtained in the Main Producing Region of Brazil: Adherence to the Codex Alimentarius

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the oil extracted from sunflower achenes grown in Campo Novo de Parecis, the main producing region of Brazil, to optimize its use by the processing and food industries. In addition, the fatty acid profiles of the oil were checked for their adherence to the CODEX STAN 210–1999. Traditional and high-oleic genotypes were grown between 2014 and 2017 during trials with a randomized complete block experimental design with four replications. The contents of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were determined using gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles of traditional genotypes were observed to be outside the ranges established by the CODEX, with an oleic acid content above 39.4% and linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid values lower than 48.3%, 2.7%, and 5.0%, respectively, as well as high-oleic sunflower oil with a stearic acid content of less than 2.6%. The availability of this information can, on the one hand, positively impact industries and encourage the use of better quality raw materials that are more technologically and nutritionally adequate. On the other hand, the commercialization of sunflower oil with a fatty acid profile outside the ranges established by CODEX can be difficult, because the contents are out of specification due to the climatic conditions in the cropping region.     

质子酸催化合成α-氯代十二酸工艺研究

采用廉价的浓硫酸为催化剂,氧气为自由基捕集剂,以十二酸为原料,经氯化合成α-氯代十二酸。系统考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、氯气流量、氧氯比、反应时间等因素的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:十二酸20 g,在反应温度135℃、催化剂10%、氯气流量50 mL·min-1、vO2/vCl2=1∶2、反应时间3 h,可实现十二酸基本完全转化,目标产物α-氯代十二酸选择性达到94.5%。     

草酸作助剂磷钨酸催化H2O2氧化环己醇合成己二酸

在无有机溶剂、无相转移催化剂条件下,以草酸作助剂,采用磷钨酸催化过氧化氢氧化环己醇的方法来制备己二酸。考察了磷钨酸用量、反应时间、反应温度、过氧化氢用量及草酸用量对己二酸的分离产率的影响,得到最佳工艺条件,即环己醇10.51 mL、磷钨酸0.6 mmol/L、草酸1.0 mmol/L,H2O2(30%)70 mL,温度85℃、时间8 h,己二酸的最大分离产率为77.83%,纯度为99.9%。