二级RO+EDI组合工艺在药用纯化水制备工艺过程中的应用

昆山市某医用塑胶厂以自来水为水源,采用二级RO+EDI+超滤组合工艺制取超纯水.运行结果表明,采用二级RO+EDI+抛光混床+超滤工艺制取超纯水是可行的,具有处理效果好、运行稳定、工程投资省、运行费用低等优点.     

高盐废水制取高纯水工艺研究

基于高盐废水制取高纯水,对2级反渗透(RO)+电去离子(EDI)工艺和膜蒸馏(MD)+EDI工艺进行了试验研究。结果表明,当原水电导率为3 310μS/cm时,2级RO的产水电导率为6.5~7.3μS/cm,总除盐率99.78%,MD产水电导率2.6~3.7μS/cm,除盐率99.89%,都可满足EDI进水水质要求,后续EDI产水水质相近,电导率稳定在0.077~0.083μS/cm。2级RO+EDI工艺技术成熟,能耗较低,但对原水含盐量适应性差,回收率较低(小于60%);MD+EDI工艺对原水含盐量适应性强,回收率高(大于90%),但膜通量较低,还处于开发阶段。综合考虑,MD+EDI工艺更具优越性,进一步完善膜蒸馏技术,应用前景广阔。     

钢铁工业综合废水处理回用工程实例

为提高厂区废水水资源利用率,某钢铁公司采用"格栅+高效沉淀池+V型滤池+超滤(UF)+一级反渗透(RO)+二级RO+电去离子(EDI)"工艺处理和再生回用其生产综合废水,产水有软水、除盐水和超纯水等。实际运行结果表明,该工艺设计合理,运行稳定,实现了72%～80%的高回收率废水回用;其中UF系统产水SDI_(15)2.5,一级RO、二级RO、EDI产水电导率分别为30、2.5、0.06μS/cm,特别是其产水电阻17 MΩ·cm,达到GB/T 6682-2008一级超纯水水质要求,其它各项产水指标均能够满足不同生产单元对于不同品类水质的需求,实现了厂内分区分质供水。     

电镀废水处理及回用工程实例

采用混凝沉淀+水解酸化+膜生物反应器(MBR)+过滤+反渗透(RO)组合工艺,对某电镀企业生产废水进行深度处理和回用。首先通过混凝沉淀、生化和过滤去除重金属、有机物和悬浮物,然后利用RO系统去除剩余的有机物和盐分。实际运行结果表明,RO淡水水质可满足企业生产工艺用水水质要求,RO浓水水质达到了《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB 21900—2008)表2中的新建企业水污染物排放限值。     

纳滤-膜蒸馏集成工艺用于超纯水生产的中试研究

电子级超纯水在半导体制造中用量很大，目前超纯水生产以“预处理+反渗透（RO）+电除盐（EDI）”为主单元的长流程工艺为主。在此基础上，提出了一种以中空纤维纳滤（HFNF）和平板真空多效膜蒸馏（VMD）替代EDI之前所有工艺段的短流程生产工艺，把超纯水生产工艺从原长流程的12个以上工艺段减少至6个以下。研究结果表明，以HFNF+VMD作预处理的产水电导率低于4μS/cm，完全满足EDI的进水要求；在出水水质不变的情况下，短流程生产工艺减少了工艺段，超纯水产水量提高了44.6%，进而可以降低设备投资，而且使维护变得简单且经济；更重要的是短流程生产工艺故障风险位点减少，超纯水工艺和水质更加稳定。     

纯化水制备工艺在制药生产中的应用分析

纯化水作为制药生产过程中大量使用的工艺用水,对药品生产和用药者的安全是至关重要的。对多条纯化水制备工艺进行分析,从出水质量、投入成本、耗能及环保等方面评价,提出了符合制药企业实际的制备纯化水的工艺流程组合方案。认为反渗透法制备纯化水(二级RO、二级RO+EDI、一级RO+EDI)的制水流程非常适用于制药行业。     

一级反渗透+二级EDI超纯水系统在广州市药品检验所的应用

介绍了二级EDI膜堆的结构及其工作原理,总结了一级反渗透 二级EDI超纯水工艺在广州市药品检验所的应用经验,阐述了在原水含盐量高的情况下,采用一级反渗透 二级EDI超纯水工艺具有节水、节电、运行成本低、产水电阻率高的先进性,显示了一级反渗透 二级EDI超纯水工艺普及推广的价值和意义.     

无水印花技术江阴问世

国内首套采用“一级RO＋膜脱气GTM＋电去离子EDI”工艺制取锅炉补给水工程在天津泰达津联热电有限公司（西区第二热源厂）顺利调试出水。     

EDI集成膜技术低成本制超纯水

日前在南开大学了解到。由该校研制成功的吨级规模工业电去离子技术（EDI）制水装置技术已成熟,性能达到国外技术水平．而装置成本却大大降低,使EDI技术广泛应用成为可能。据介绍．EDI技术是国外上世纪90年代才真正成熟的第四代超纯水生产技术。该技术集离子交换和电渗析技术两者的优点于一体,树脂用量极少且自动获得再生,既克服了电渗析和反渗透不能直接制取超纯水的弱点,又避免了使用酸碱再生离子交换树脂。整个过程相当于连续获得再生的混床离子交换。EDI装置无废酸废碱排放,其本身的水利用率最高可达98％。     

火力发电厂膜法水处理技术应用

全膜法( IMT)处理工艺,用两级反渗透(RO)+电去离子(EDI)处理工艺,代替传统的RO+混床处理工艺,在初始投资相近的情况下,由于系统无酸碱消耗,无废水排放,无需再生用水,运行费用显著降低,同时系统占地面积大大下降.IMT水处理系统出水水质优良,运行稳定,出水电导率小于0.2 μS·cm-1,含硅量小于20μg·L-1,符合电厂锅炉补给水水质要求,综合性能优于RO+混床处理工艺.     

反渗透法制取电子级超纯水工艺的改进

在现代大型微电子工业用超纯水系统中二级反渗透＋N2配合真空膜脱气＋三级混床的工艺属当今最新开发的工艺，在大型系统中应用很少，我们通过三年多的不断摸索、实践和优化改进，最终将该套具有技术先进、投资少、结构紧凑、出水量大、品质高等特点的水系统很成功地稳定运行，解决了工艺流程中的缺陷和不足，并且很好地控制了运行成本。     

焦化废水膜法组合深度处理工艺设计与应用

针对煤化工企业焦化废水的二级生化出水可生化性差、含盐量与COD高,以及废水中包含多环芳香族化合物、脂肪族化合物等难生物降解污染物的特点,采用Fenton氧化+电渗析+超滤+反渗透膜法组合深度处理工艺对废水进行处理。运行结果表明,产水水质达到并优于《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》(GB 50050—2007)中再生水水质要求,产水可作为厂区生产补充新水使用,废水回收率稳定达到75%。采用Fenton氧化与电渗析粗脱盐技术相结合的强化预处理设施,可以有效缓解反渗透装置的膜污染,延长反渗透膜的清洗周期至3个月。     

EDI新技术及其在医药用水制备中的应用

电去离子(EDI)作为一种结合电渗析和离子交换两者优点的新型膜分离技术,现已逐步应用于医药、电子、电力、生物技术等领域。文章介绍了EDI技术工作原理,着重分析了其在国内外医药用水制备中的应用状况。EDI与RO等相结合的膜分离技术将是21世纪最有前景的医药用水生产技术之一。     

电去离子过程的实验研究

通过对反渗透后接电去离子过程的实验研究,考察了不同操作条件对ＥＤＩ过程产水水质的影响,探讨了ＥＤＩ过程去的最佳操作参数,同时还考察了ＥＤＩ产水过程的稳定性。实验表明,ＥＤＩ过程可以长时间连续运行,并能获得高质量的纯水。同时还发现,提高ＥＤＩ膜堆的操作电流可以得到高质量的纯水;进入ＥＤＩ膜堆的原水电导率越低,ＥＤＩ的产水水质就越好;适当提高ＥＤＩ膜堆水回收率可以得到纯度较高的产水;适当提高ＥＤＩ原水     

Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis of model process waters fromthe dairy industry to produce water for reuse

In dairy plants the process waters generated during the starting, equilibrating, interrupting and rinsing steps contribute to the production of effluents. They correspond to milk products (milk, whey, cream) diluted with water without chemicals. The treatment of these dairy process waters by nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) operations was proposed to concentrate dairy matter and to produce purified water for reuse in the dairy plant. The study reports one-stage and two-stage (NF + RO and RO + RO) spiral-wound membrane treatments with five model process waters representative of the main composition variations observed in dairies. Performances (permeate flux, milk components rejection, purified water characteristics) of the different operations were compared. Discussion was focused on the comparison between quality of produced waters and vapour condensates (from product drying and evaporation processes) reused in dairy plants. Accordingly, both total organic carbon (TOC) and conductivity of water treated by a single RO or NF + RO operations were convenient for reuse as heating, cooling, cleaning and boiler feed water. With the two-stage RO + RO process, a more purified water complying with the TOC drinking water limit was achieved.     

Optimal design of hybrid RO/MSF desalination plants Part II: Results and discussion

This paper presents the results of an optimization study, based on minimum water cost, to explore the feasibility of the hybridization of RO and MSF processes. The study explores the possible improvement of MSF process economics. Nine different scenarios for the production of the same capacity of desalted water are presented and compared from the standpoint of minimum water cost, specific capital cost and water recovery. The process and cost models, formulation of the optimization problem and solution outlines were previously presented in the first part of this study. In this work, results show that RO technology is recommended when building new desalination plants. RO technology becomes preferable at low feed concentrations and for brackish water desalination. Although they come in second position after the RO process, some hybrid plants economically exceed by far the MSF process. Computations gave a water cost of 1.1 $/m³ for the brine recycle MSF process against 0.75 $/m³ for the two-stage RO process. Water cost of the MSF process can be reduced by 17 to 24% through hybridization with RO technology.     

A/O+MBR工艺处理高氨氮煤化工污水工程实例

以内蒙古某煤化工公司气化污水处理项目为例,分析了其气化炉的废水水质,并根据水质特点选择了混凝沉淀+气浮池+二级破氰+A/O+MBR+超滤+反渗透处理工艺。出水达到《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》(GB50050—2007)中的再生水水质要求。实践表明,该工艺路线选择合理,运行稳定可靠,可为同类煤化工废水处理工艺路线选择提供参考。     

超纯水制备

采用预处理+2级反渗透+ED I+混床工艺制备超纯水。实验结果证明,出水Ca2+质量浓度小于2μg/L,Na+质量浓度小于5μg/L,S iO2质量浓度小于5μg/L,电阻率稳定在17 MΩ.cm,能满足生产要求。     

Analysis of High Recovery Brackish Water Desalination Processes using Fuel Cells

Abstract

The production and supply of potable water and the disposal of wastewater are among the major challenges of the 21st century. Inadequate supply of potable water, coupled with increasing water demand in developing countries due to rapid population growth and industrialization are among the major reasons for the worsening water situation (1 United Nations (2006) Water, a shared responsibility. The 2nd UN World Water Development Report, http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap/wwdr/index.html.  [Google Scholar]). Desalination of brackish water by reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) are the leading technologies used in supplying potable water. Typically, these plants operate at 75% product water recovery so that 25% of RO feed water is wasted as concentrated brine. However, the recovery can be increased by processing the primary RO reject water with the aid of selective membrane processes such as a secondary RO or NF unit. Hybrid RO/NF processes were modeled using the membrane manufacturer's software for various membranes and for two specific brackish waters studied (total dissolved solids, TDS = 1700 and 3700 mg/1). The analyses show that 90% product water recovery is achieved for the low TDS feed water and 88% recovery is achieved for the high TDS feed water using simple, state-of-the-art hybrid membrane systems, and with minimal feed water chemical pre-treatment. It is also shown that the specific energy consumption of the RO system is reduced when it is powered by a stand-alone, on-site fuel cell power plant.