污水处理工艺一体化生物反应器的研究现状与发展

污水生物处理技术应用广泛。文章介绍了污水处理工艺一体化生物反应器的发展,主要有两大类。第一类为单一工艺的一体化生物反应器,包括一体化氧化沟、SBR处理工艺、一体式膜生物反应器;第二类为组合工艺的一体化生物反应器,包括厌氧/缺氧/好氧一体化氧化沟装置、一体化厌氧/缺氧/好氧装置、厌氧/好氧一体化SBR装置、厌氧/好氧一体化MBR装置、好氧流化床与厌氧反应器的工艺组合、A/O一体化曝气生物滤池、一体化A/O生物膜反应器。最后指出,应根据不同的污水性质开发不同的生物处理工艺。     

垂直式厌氧好氧一体化反应器的快速启动

通过对内循环(IC)厌氧反应器进行改进,使其成为垂直式厌氧好氧一体化组合工艺,实现对高浓度DHA废水的耦合处理。试验采用高负荷、高进水浓度的方式对反应器的启动进行了分段研究,并分别对厌氧及好氧段有机物降解进行了效能分析。研究表明,启动初期采用DHA废水与生活污水混合进水的方式并控制反应器在中温条件下运行,可完成对反应器的快速启动。经60 d的调试运行,一体化反应器中厌氧段容积负荷达到10 kg COD/(m~3·d),COD去除率稳定在60%左右,好氧段容积负荷达到4 kg COD/(m~3·d),出水COD小于500 mg/L,满足《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(CJ 343-2010)。60 d后厌氧段颗粒污泥形状规则、密实,经扫描电镜观察发现,污泥表面具有较大孔隙且杆状菌占优势,好氧污泥在电子显微镜下可观察到钟虫。     

两种生物反应器处理偶氮染料废水的比较

通过比较CSRT（连续搅拌式）好氧反应器和新型固定-流化复合厌氧反应器研究了偶氮染料废水处理的效果和特点。研究中采用固定-流化复合厌氧水解＋好氧生物工艺对偶氮染料废水进行处理,并取各对照水样做光谱分析,试验者还对新型复合厌氧反应器运行的影响因素进行了研究。研究结果表明,偶氮染料废水直接好氧处理,去除率只有5％左右,直接厌氧水解处理,染料平均降解率60％。水解出水经好氧降解,染料还能降解65％～70％;新型固定-流化复合厌氧反应器达到其设计目标,满足厌氧水解工艺发展的要求,有较好的实用价值。     

PTA污水处理工程实例

采用厌氧+两段好氧工艺处理PTA污水,在进水CODCr值达到5000~8500mg/L的情况下,经过厌氧反应器(AF)处理工艺,CODCr的去除率可达到80%以上,Mn去除率达到50%,有效降低了后续两段好氧生化处理的负荷。     

组合工艺处理甘薯淀粉生产废水

以甘薯为原料生产淀粉的过程中产生大量淀粉废水,采用"水力筛-初沉池-叠螺机-调节池-高效厌氧池-MSBR池组合工艺"处理该废水,有效降低了厌氧进水负荷,并避免了废水酸化对厌氧系统的影响。同时,组合工艺有效的减少了传统厌氧反应器水力停留时间,缩小了占地面积,节约了一次性投入成本,且能够高效稳定的处理甘薯淀粉废水,工艺出水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准。     

生物组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的研究进展

阐述了垃圾渗滤液的来源和特点,以及垃圾渗滤液的现有处理方法,从第二代厌氧反应器-好氧反应器组合、第三代厌氧反应器-好氧反应器组合、厌氧生物膜法-好氧组合、其他生物组合4个方面综述了生物组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的最新研究进展,并针对各类生物组合工艺的优缺点提出了一些建议和展望.     

藻类-升流式外回流微氧污泥床处理生活污水研究

选取某高校生活污水为研究对象,采用绿藻复氧-升流式外回流微氧污泥床反应器,对经过厌氧预处理后的低碳氮比生活污水进行处理。结果显示,反应器处理效果良好,对COD、NH4+-N、TN和SS的去除率分别为69.23%、90%、82%和91.06%,出水水质达到GB 18918-2002的一级A标准。由于利用绿藻光合作用产氧,故节省了100%曝气能耗;且该系统采用菌藻分离的方式,对反应器内溶解氧含量控制更精确。     

稠油污水的有机组成及可生化性研究

采用物化-厌氧-好氧法处理稠油污水,对物化生化处理各阶段出水的有机组分进行定性分析,并对稠油污水的可生化性进行了进一步研究。研究结果表明:不同处理工序出水的有机成分差异较大,经过气浮、厌氧处理后,稠油污水可生化性逐步提高,有利后续好氧生物处理。     

城市污水厌氧处理技术的研究及进展

由于厌氧技术处理污水具有工艺简单、能耗低、污泥产生量少等优点，受到国内外的广泛关注。介绍了采用AF、UASB、EGSB等厌氧反应器处理城市污水的研究现状及进展，并提出了厌氧技术在处理城市污水中需研究解决的问题。采用厌氧技术处理城市污水具有工艺和运行操作简单：能耗小，运行费川较低：处理系统规模宜大宜小，可分散布置；剩余污泥产生量少，稳定性好，易于脱水，与传统的好氧处理技术相比显现出明显优势。     

二级厌氧-好氧在高浓度有机废水处理中的应用

蓝帆化工污水处理系统采用预处理-厌氧生化-好氧生化处理工艺,由于进水COD高,单个厌氧塔处理负荷过大,遂采用二级厌氧塔对该废水进行处理。改建厌氧塔采用原有设备进行改造,在原有设备构造的基础上,对其三相分离器以及内部构造进行重新布局,改造过后厌氧系统整体COD去除率达88%以上,整套生化处理系统COD去除率达到99%,满足污水排放要求。     

两相厌氧—好氧技术处理白酒淘洗废水试验研究

采用两相厌氧——好氧工艺,在厌氧接触池投入塑料环,后接自行研究开发的厌氧挡板反应器（内设20μm沸石载体）,再接SBR反应池处理白酒淘洗生产废水。重点介绍了废水处理工程的设计特点和运行效果。运行结果表明了处理效果十分稳定,进水CODCr在3000mg/L左右,出水均在100mg/L以下,并对调试运行中出现的问题进行了讨论。     

酵母废水处理技术进展

酵母工业是一个新兴的产业,其在生产过程中产生大量高浓度、高色度有机废水.对国内外酵母废水处理技术新进展进行了综述.目前在酵母废水处理工程实践中运用最多的是UASB,废水经厌氧-好氧生物处理系统处理后,出水COD达到1 000～1 800 mg/L.适当预处理可改善废水的可生化性,提高生化处理效果.生物强化处理、化学混凝、化学氧化、膜分离等工艺有较好处理效果.高浓度酵母废水制肥、循环使用等综合利用技术已得到应用,具有较大发展潜力.     

Effects of hourly load variation on treatment characteristics in anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge process

The effect of hourly load change on the treatment characteristics in an anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge process was compared for two types of variation. When the variation of wastewater concentration or flow rate was applied to the treatment unit according to normal distribution function like effluent pattern in actual life, the treatment system gave relatively stable and successful removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. When the mass flow rate of nitrogen applied to the treatment unit was equal, the performance of the present process was almost same regardless of load variation mode. The simulation of treatment behavior was carried out successfully by using the kinetic equations for sludge floc and the reactor models which considered the treatment unit as a completely mixed tank.     

生物强化法在屠宰废水处理中的应用

屠宰废水是中等浓度有机废水,含氮量高,适宜用厌氧-好氧工艺处理。通过投菌对其生物系统进行强化,考察了菌株对屠宰废水生物处理的强化作用。试验结果表明,经投菌强化后的厌氧-好氧系统,对比未投菌的空白系统,出水COD的质量浓度从129mg/L降低到96.9mg/L,去除率提高2.08%;NH3-N的质量浓度从64.9mg/L降到14.4mg/L,去除率提高76.4%。生物强化可有效提高生物系统对屠宰废水的处理效果。     

SBR工艺除磷过程与种群结构在线监测

For efficient energy consumption and control of effluent quality, the cycle duration for a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) needs to be adjusted by real-time control according to the characteristics and loading of wastewater. In this study, an on-line information system for phosphorus removal processes was established. Based on the analysis for four systems with different ecological community structures and two operation modes, anaerobic-aerobic process and anaerobic-anaerobic process, the characteristic patterns of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH were related to phosphorous dynamics in the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic phases, for determination of the end of phosphorous removal. In the operation mode of anaerobic-aerobic process, the pH profile in the anaerobic phase was used to estimate the relative amount of phosphorous accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), which is beneficial to early detection of ecology community shifts. The on-line sensor values of pH and ORP may be used as the parameters to adjust the duration for phosphorous removal and community shifts to cope with influent variations and maintain appropriate operation conditions.     

扑热息痛废水治理技术初步研究

通过实验,比较了处理扑热息痛废水的两种工艺流程,认为混凝加兼氧－好氧生物接触氧化法加氧化脱色工艺流程是合理可行的,确定了混凝类型和合理投加量以及操作条件,处理后出水指标ＣＯＤｃｒ、ＢＯＤ５、色度达到国家污水综合排放标准的二级标准。     

合成制药废水处理技术研究与进展

合成制药废水水质特点为有机物浓度高、难生物降解,废水处理难度大、出水不易达标。为使合成制药废水达标排放,指导工程设计,通过对国内外合成制药废水的处理技术进行对比,推荐合成制药废水处理的工艺路线为物化-高效厌氧-好氧联合处理技术。     

Anaerobic-aerobic processes for the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater containing three commercial reactive azo dyes: Effect of number of stages and bioreactor type

In this study, the effect of number of stages and bioreactor type on the removal performance of a sequential anaerobic-aerobic process employing activated sludge for the treatment of a simulated textile dyeing wastewater containing three commercial reactive azo dyes was considered. Two stage processes performed better than one stage ones, both in terms of overall organic and color removal, as well as the higher contribution of anaerobic stage to the overall removal performance, thereby making them a more energy efficient option. The employment of a moving bed sequencing batch biofilm reactor, which uses both suspended and attached biomass, for the implementation of the anaerobic stage of the process, was compared with a sequencing batch reactor that only employs suspended biomass. The results showed that, although there was no meaningful difference in biomass concentration between the two bioreactors, the latter reactor had better performance in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and rate and color removal rate. Further exploratory tests revealed a difference between the roles of suspended and attached bacterial populations, with the former yielding better color removal whilst the latter had better COD removal performance. The sequential anaerobic-aerobic process, employing an aerobic membrane bioreactor in the aerobic stage resulted in COD and color removal of 77.1±7.9% and 79.9±1.5%, respectively. The incomplete COD and color removal was attributed to the presence of soluble microbial products in the effluent and the autoxidation of dye reduction metabolites, respectively. Also, aerobic partial mineralization of the dye reduction metabolites, was experimentally observed.     

厌氧—好氧工艺处理饮料生产废水的工程应用

文章介绍了采用厌氧—好氧工艺处理某饮料厂生产废水的工程设计、工艺调试。在高浓度废水COD浓度为13830mg/L、生活污水COD浓度为229mg/L时,出水COD小于60mg/L,达到《广东省地方标准水污染物排放限值》(DB44/26-2001)(第二时段)一级标准。实践证明:该处理工艺可行,处理效率高,运行稳定、可靠安全、管理与维护方便。     

膜法处理石化废水探索研究

以膜生物反应器(MBR)和膜混凝反应器(MCR)分别处理石化污水厂水解池出水和二沉池出水.结果发现水力停留14.5 h,DO约4 mg/L时,MBR对石化废水的化学需氧量(COD)去除率达到88 %,膜出水COD为71.3 mg/L.以MCR对污水厂出水进行深度处理,发现PAC约10 mg/L为最佳投药量,此时COD去除率达到32 %,膜出水COD为75.6 mg/L.以两种微滤膜反应器出水进行淤泥密度指数(SDI)实验,SDI在3～5之间,可以作为RO进水,但为了RO系统的稳定运行,应进一步对出水进行深度处理.