某液化烃双金属储罐区消防水系统设计

低温液化烃双金属储罐具有火灾危险性大、消防用水量大的特点，该类型储罐主要水消防设施为消防冷却水系统。液化烃双金属储罐罐容不断扩大，消防冷却水强度也随之扩大。结合某地3座8×10⁴m³低温液化烃双金属储罐工程实例，详细介绍了这3座低温液化烃双金属储罐消防给水系统设计，以及设计中遇到的问题和解决方法，为超大量消防冷却水强度的工程设计提供一种思路。     

液化烃球罐区消防冷却水系统设计

液化烃球罐区应设置消防冷却水系统,本文以山东省某工程液化烃球罐区为例,分析液化烃球罐火灾的危险性及水喷雾冷却灭火的机理,重点对固定式水喷雾冷却系统的设计和计算进行探讨。     

可燃液体储罐的消防设计

石油化工可燃、易燃、易爆储罐的火灾危险性、危害性大,消防要求高,此类罐区的消防设计主要有消防冷却水和泡沫消防两系统。论述了可燃液体储罐组消防冷却水和空气泡沫消防系统的组成及设计,着重对消防冷却水系统、空气泡沫系统的选择、系统控制及泡沫液管道的布置作了详细介绍。     

大型煤化工项目成品罐区消防系统设计

可燃液体储罐作为煤化工项目中的常见装置,火灾危险性较高。消防设计作为罐区防控火灾的重要环节,应引起高度重视。本文以西北某大型煤化工项目为例,介绍了成品罐区的消防设计思路和方法,系统地阐述了灭火器配置、固定式泡沫灭火系统、固定式消防冷却水系统等的设计计算,并对设计时需重点关注的事项进行了介绍。本文介绍了成品罐区消防系统设计情况,可为国内其他类似项目可燃液体储罐区的消防系统提供设计参考。     

液化烃球罐消防设计及常见问题探讨

液化烃火灾危险性大,一旦泄漏聚集,极易发生爆炸。因此。对液化烃球罐的消防冷却显得格外重要。以石化企业3000 m~3压力式液化烃球罐为例,对固定式消防冷却水喷雾装置环管圈数、喷头数量、喷头参数等进行了详细的计算。结合计算结果对赤道处是否设置环管、球罐壁顶部保护、球罐区管道布置等常见问题进行了充分探讨,形成了部分结论及建议,为后续球罐固定式消防冷却水喷雾装置安全设计及降低项目投资提供了一定的参考价值。     

液化烃储罐区消防系统的设计探讨

本文为某企业液化烃罐区消防系统设计。依据相关规范,本设计从罐区周边开始,布置消防管道、消火栓、消防炮、阀门;对消防冷却水系统进行水力计算,并对储罐本体环状管道布置及其各层水雾喷头进行逐层设置;最后对消防泵及消防水池、消防冷却水控制系统以及移动式干粉灭火设施等其它部分的设置进行论述。     

液化烃储罐水喷雾冷却系统设计

通过对液化烃储罐火灾特点及水喷雾冷却系统灭火机理的分析,对液化烃储罐水喷雾消防冷却系统的设计方法驾探讨,提出了“罐上喷头工作压力为定值”的假设,从而简化了设计计算。     

水喷雾灭火系统在液化烃储罐消防的应用

就扬子石化公司炼油厂催化裂化装置的液化烃储罐的水喷雾灭火系统设计,介绍液化烃储罐水喷雾灭火系统国产化的应用实例,并对水消防系统选择、水雾喷头选型和布置方式、系统的环形供水管布置、液化烃罐区消防供水等问题进行简述。     

低温液化烃罐消防冷却水系统设计探讨

介绍低温乙烯储罐消防冷却水系统的设计。     

液化石油气储罐的火灾、爆炸危险性分析与评价

介绍了液化石油气的理化特性及火灾爆炸危险性，简单分析了液化石油气储罐使用过程中的危险性，运用危险度评价法、事故树评价法对液化石油气储罐的危险性进行了评价，根据评价结果，提出了防止液化石油气储罐火灾、爆炸的安全技术和安全管理措施。     

Characterization and application of propylene grafted hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene hydrocarbon resin

Hydrocarbon resins, which are defined as low molecular weight, amorphous, and thermoplastic polymers, are widely used as tackifiers for various types of adhesives, as processing aids in rubber compounds, and as modifiers for paint and ink products, and for use in plastics polymers such as isotactic polypropylene. Recently, the quantities of the hydrocarbon resin׳ raw materials which are the side products from naphtha cracking process have decreased because of light-feed cracking such as gas cracking, so new raw materials for hydrocarbon resin production are essential. To be satisfied with the previously mentioned factors, the substitution of hydrocarbon resin raw materials with renewable resources is a worthy consideration. Moreover, new hydrocarbon resin having high adhesion performance, low specific gravity, and good compatibility with various polymers has been requested in various adhesives.To meet those requests, in this study, propylene instead of side product from naphtha cracking as main raw material of hydrocarbon resin were partially used. The propylene serves as a new, sustainable raw material and was successfully grafted onto dicyclopentadiene. The reaction of the propylene with dicyclopentadiene was confirmed because, according to NMR and FT-IR analyses, a pendant methyl-propylene group exists in the structure of the propylene-grafted, hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene hydrocarbon resin. To establish an optimal production condition regarding the propylene-grafted, hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene hydrocarbon resin, numerous experiments were conducted according to the mole ratio of the raw materials and the polymerization temperature. The propylene-grafted, hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene hydrocarbon resin that was manufactured according to optimal conditions results in a lower specific gravity and a high molecular weight, whereby the advantages of the adhesion properties of an SIS-based pressure-sensitive-adhesive are exploited. When the propylene-grafted, hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene hydrocarbon resin was formulated with the SIS-based pressure-sensitive-adhesive, both the heat stability and the shear-adhesion strength are sound.     

Task-Related Differences in the Cuticular Hydrocarbon Composition of Harvester Ants, Pogonomyrmex barbatus

Colonies of the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, perform a variety of tasks. The behavior of an individual worker appears to depend on its recent history of brief contacts with ants of the same and other task groups. The purpose of this study was to determine whether task groups differ in cuticular hydrocarbon composition. We compared the cuticular hydrocarbon composition of ants collected under natural conditions as they performed one of three tasks: patrolling (locating food sources), foraging, or nest maintenance. Task groups differed significantly in the relative proportions of classes of hydrocarbon compounds, as well as in individual compounds. Relative to nest maintenance workers, foragers and patrollers had a higher proportion of straight-chain alkanes relative to monomethylalkanes, dimethylalkanes, and alkenes. There was no significant difference in the chain length of n-alkanes among the task groups. Foragers did not differ in hydrocarbon composition from patrollers. Colonies differed significantly from one another in hydrocarbon composition, but task groups differed in consistent ways from colony to colony, suggesting that the mechanism responsible for task-related hydrocarbon composition was the same in all colonies. P. barbatus workers switch tasks during their lifetimes, suggesting that cuticular hydrocarbon composition changes during adulthood as well. Nest maintenance workers are probably younger than foragers and patrollers and perform very little of their work outside of the nest. Task-related hydrocarbon differences detected here may be associated with worker age, and/or the abiotic characteristics (temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet light) of the interior and exterior work environments.     

再燃条件下超细煤粉热解碳氢组分的析出特性

利用管式热解炉与气相色谱仪研究了再燃条件下超细煤粉热解过程中碳氢组分的析出规律。试验研究表明：再燃条件下超细煤粉热解时,热解产物中碳氢组分的主要成分是CH4,而C2H4、C2H6、C3H6、C3H8、C4H10的析出量相对很少;龙口褐煤碳氢组分的析出量最多,神府烟煤次之,晋城无烟煤明显低于前两者;碳氢组分的析出量随煤粉粒度的减小而增加,但煤粉粒度减小到一定程度,煤中碳氢组分析出量的增加出现饱和临界现象。以超细的龙口褐煤、神府烟煤作为再燃燃料,由于挥发分中碳氢组分析出量较多,可以强化对NOx的还原效果。     

Mass transfer characterization for hydrocarbon liquid–particle collision based on sensitive tracing of fluorescent probe

The heat and mass transfer characteristics during the collision process of hydrocarbon droplets and polyethylene particles in a liquid-containing gas–solid polyethylene fluidized bed reactor significantly affect the product quality. In this work, the mass transfer process of single-component hydrocarbon and bi-component hydrocarbon liquid films on the polyethylene particle surface were quantitatively characterized by a newly developed experimental approach, based on a novel synthesized hydrocarbon liquid soluble fluorescent probe for sensitive tracing of hydrocarbon liquid diffusion. It was found that the boiling point and surface tension of the liquid as well as the surface temperature of the particle are the key factors affecting the mass transfer properties of the liquid film. Marangoni convection was observed and characterized on the particle surface. The critical time for the onset of Marangoni flow is between 4 and 8 s.     

烃油液相循环加氢专利技术进展

液相循环加氢工艺具有设备投资少、运行成本低的优点,是目前加氢工艺研究领域的热点。文章从溶氢、反应压力与温度控制、反应器进料方式、液相循环物流的净化等方面总结了近年来烃油液相循环加氢工艺相关专利技术的进展,并对该技术今后改进的方向提出了建议。     

油浆糠醛抽提与产品应用

渣油催化油浆经双溶剂抽提后的抽余油,其饱和烃含量及Ｈ／Ｃ比得到提高,芳烃含量降低,可大大改善催化裂化进料质量,抽出的重质芳烃可作为橡胶软化剂、针状焦及增塑剂等原料,该工艺的实施能带来可观的经济效益     

东营凹陷南斜坡地层油藏成藏条件及分布规律

分析了东营凹陷南斜坡地区的地层油藏成藏条件。东营凹陷发育由孔二段、沙四上亚段和沙三下亚段三套烃源岩,断层、不整合面和输导性砂层组成了油气运移的立体通道,储层类型多,层位分布广泛,盖层条件优越,烃源岩排烃期与地层圈闭定型期配置良好,具备形成大型地层油藏的条件。地层油藏主要有地层不整合遮挡油藏、地层超覆不整合油藏和古潜山油藏,这些地层油藏主要分布在盆地边缘的地层超剥带,超剥带与大型鼻状构造带的配合区域是地层油藏最为富集的地区。     

液态烃泵机械密封失效分析及改进

通过对机械密封结构的设计改进,使机械密封在液态烃泵的使用中更为可靠。针对机械密封在液态烃泵的使用中失效情况比较多的问题,根据汽、液两相密封理论对液态烃泵机械密封膜压分布及特征进行了分析,说明了液态烃泵机械密封易泄漏的原因,并提出了一些改进措施,从而使机械密封在液态烃泵的使用中更为可靠。     

Viscoelastic properties and lap shear strength of EVA/aromatic hydrocarbon resins as hot-melt adhesives

A series of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers were blended with aromatic hydrocarbon resins in the molten state in various ratios and possible relations between viscoelastic and adhesion properties as hot-melt adhesives (HMAs) were investigated. When the softening point of aromatic hydrocarbon resin was high and the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbon resin was low, the tan δ peak height decreased and broadened. This result corresponds to the miscibility of the blend. The single lap shear strength increased with increasing softening point of the aromatic hydrocarbon resin and it reached a maximum value with increasing temperature. A large scatter was observed in lap shear strength values, which were higher at higher test rates and lower temperatures, and under these conditions interfacial failure occurred.     

轻烃蒸汽转化制氢HYSYS软件全流程模拟

轻烃蒸汽转化制氢作为目前国内外比较成熟的制氢技术之一使用很广泛,通过HYSYS软件对榆林炼油厂20 000 m~3/h天然气蒸汽转化制氢进行全流程模拟,详细介绍了装置各工序流程模拟过程中模块的建立过程及方法,并结合现场实际参数对全流程模拟进行优化设置,将全流程模拟的原料适用范围扩展至炼厂副产的轻烃类混合物,使得此流程模拟计算在以轻烃蒸汽转化制氢工艺技术的设计过程中通用,并对使用轻烃蒸汽转化制氢工艺技术的生产装置在开工和生产阶段提供可靠的动态参考数据。