基于智能电网的综合通信系统简述

综合通信系统是智能电网中的重要组成部分,是建设智能电网以及实现其他应用技术的基础,是智能电网的核心技术之一。基于此,对智能电网中的综合通信系统进行简述。它是一个动态交互体系,实时反映电网信息和功率的变化,允许用户通过不同速度要求的互联应用软件,在系统中与各种高级电子设备互相配合,实时完成电网数据的获取与传输、保护与控制,将电网建设成一个具有较强交互能力和"即插即用"的综合性网络。由此可见:对综合通信系统的研究能够为建设智能电网做出必不可少的贡献。     

高速集成电路电源网络的频率特性分析

提出了用一种简单模型计算随频率变化的电感。由于稠密的部分电感矩阵使得方程求解非常困难，采用二次求逆的方法对其进行处理。采用频变电感的计算方法，分析了三种类型电源网络的电感随频率变化的特性。由计算结果可知，网络的回路电感随信号频率的升高呈下降趋势，且成对分布的电源网络的回路电感最小。这为电源网络的设计和同步开关噪声的分析提供了一定的依据。     

On-Chip Power Distribution Grids With Multiple Supply Voltages for High-Performance Integrated Circuits

On-chip power distribution grids with multiple supply voltages are discussed in this paper. Two types of interdigitated and paired power distribution grids with multiple supply voltages and multiple grounds are presented. Analytic models are also developed to estimate the loop inductance in four types of proposed power delivery schemes. Two proposed schemes, fully and pseudo-interdigitated power delivery, reduce power supply voltage drops as compared to conventional interdigitated power distribution systems with dual supplies and a single ground by, on average, 15.3% and 0.3%, respectively. The performance of the proposed on-chip power distribution grids is compared to a reference power distribution grid with a single supply and a single ground. The voltage drop in fully interdigitated and fully paired power distribution grids with multiple supplies and multiple grounds is reduced, on average, by 2.7% and 2.3%, respectively, as compared to the voltage drop of an interdigitated power distribution grid with a single supply and a single ground. The proposed power distribution grids are a better alternative to a single supply voltage and a single ground power distribution system. On-chip resonances in power distribution grids with decoupling capacitors are intuitively explained in this paper, and circuit design implications are provided. It is also noted that fully interdigitated and fully paired power distribution grids with multiple supply voltages and multiple grounds are recommended to decouple power supply voltages.     

Frequency Characteristics of High Speed Power Distribution Grids

The variation of inductance with frequency in high performance power distribution grids is discussed in this paper. The impedance characteristics of the power grid need to be well understood for the design of efficient and robust high performance power distribution grids. The physical mechanisms underlying the dependence of inductance on frequency are discussed. The variation of inductance with frequency in three types of power grids is analyzed in terms of these mechanisms.The inductance of power distribution grids decreases with signal frequency. The decrease in inductance in non-interdigitated grids is primarily due to current redistribution in multiple forward and return current paths. In interdigitated grids, the variation of inductance with frequency is fairly small, typically less than 10% because both proximity and multi-path current redistribution effects are minimal. In paired grids, the relative decrease in inductance with frequency is larger as compared to interdigitated grids. This behavior is due to significant proximity effects. The smaller the separation between the power and ground lines and the wider the lines, the more significant proximity effects become and the greater the relative decrease in inductance with frequency.     

关于智能电网配电技术及其设备的研究

在社会快速发展和社会经济不断进步的同时,现代科技和信息化技术也在飞速进步,社会资源和环境问题也愈发严峻,电网发展进入了新的历史时期,面临着更多的新问题与新挑战。在我国,电力行业步入稳定发展之路,智能电网成为了我国电力系统发展的新方向。对于智能电网的发展,电力设备和电力技术是其中的关键点。通过对智能电网的电力设备与技术进行基本分析与归纳,在此基础上结合我国电力系统的发展现状和智能电网发展的具体目标来展开对电力技术与后期发展规划的探讨,以期为我国电力系统的长足进步提供可靠参考。     

Inductive properties of high-performance power distribution grids

The design of high integrity, area efficient power distribution grids has become of practical importance as the portion of on-chip interconnect resources dedicated to power distribution networks in high performance integrated circuits has greatly increased. The inductive characteristics of several types of gridded power distribution networks are described in this paper. The inductance extraction program FastHenry is used to evaluate the inductive properties of grid structured interconnect. In power distribution grids with alternating power and ground lines, the inductance is shown to vary linearly with grid length and inversely linearly with the number of lines in the grid. The inductance is also relatively constant with frequency in these grid structures. These properties permit the efficient estimation of the inductive characteristics of power distribution grids. To optimize the process of allocating on-chip metal resources, inductance/area/resistance tradeoffs in high speed performance distribution grids are explored. Two tradeoff scenarios in power grids with alternating power and ground lines are considered.     

Impedance characteristics of power distribution grids in nanoscale integrated circuits

The essential design characteristic of nanoscale integrated circuits is increased interconnect complexity. Conductors at different levels of the interconnect hierarchy have highly different physical and, consequently, electrical characteristics. These interconnect lines also exhibit inductive behavior due to enhanced switching speed of nanoscale devices, making interconnect design and analysis difficult. The design of robust and area efficient power distribution networks for high-speed integrated circuits has therefore become a challenging task. The impedance characteristics of multilayer power distribution grids and the relevant design implications are the subject of this paper. The power distribution network spans many layers of interconnect with disparate electrical properties. Unlike single-layer grids, the electrical characteristics of multilayer grids vary significantly with frequency. As the frequency increases, a large share of the current flow is transfered from the low-resistance upper layers to the low-inductance lower layers. The inductance of a multilayer grid therefore decreases with frequency, while the resistance increases with frequency. The lower layers of multilayer power grids provide a low-inductance current path, significantly reducing the grid impedance at high frequencies. Multilayer power distribution grids extend to the lower interconnect layers, exhibiting superior high-frequency impedance characteristics as compared to power distribution grids built exclusively within the upper, low-resistance metal layers. A significant share of metal resources to distribute the global power should therefore be allocated to the lower metal layers. An analytic model is also presented to determine the impedance characteristics of a multilayer grid from the inductive and resistive properties of the comprising individual grid layers.     

Deep Q-probabilistic algorithm based rock hyraxes swarm optimization for channel allocation in CRSN smart grids

Wireless Networks - Due to intelligent communication, smart grids have been further developed compared to traditional power grids. In order to compensate for the growing demand for quality of...     

Steady as she blows [wind power, energy storage]

Power electronics and exotic energy storage devices are making wind power steady enough to compete with conventional electricity sources. Systems based on advanced power electronics and energy storage devices are massaging and managing power flows from wind turbines, enabling them to contribute to electricity grids without putting those grids at risk. Not only are the technologies making wind power more palatable to grid operators, they are even making it possible for engineers to finally harness wind energy's tremendous potential in wind-swept, remote locales. This article discusses the power electronic and energy storage technologies used in wind power.     

Frequency properties of on-die power distribution network in VLSI circuits

The local voltage fluctuations in the supply and ground grids triggered by on-die logic cell switching in VLSI devices have been experimentally studied. The results show that these fluctuations have a resonant-like form i.e., the on-die power grid should be described as an RLC circuit. The studies reveal that the active element (i.e., CMOS logic cell) affects the frequency properties of power supply and ground grids during its switching (as opposed to before or after switching). It is demonstrated that the frequency properties of the both grids are inter-related via the interconnecting active elements.     

分形树电源网格对芯片电源完整性的改善

基于叶脉网格结构,用分形理论及Murray定律确定网格几何尺寸。设计树网络体积与电阻间存在幂指数0.22的相似规律关系。设计的分形电源网格,改善了电阻、电感压降。本设计中芯片上模拟、数字电源/地线不共用,分别由主脉两侧的第二级脉供电,从而有效隔离了噪声。     

智能电网发展现状及市场分析

研究表明,未来几年智能电网的发展将会拉动GDP的增长,还可以促进宽带、电视和通信等各种服务的应用。目前相关方面正在推动其标准的研究和制定,其中电信运营商和电力部门已经有了一些合作。但电信运营商要进入智能电网服务的核心领域将困难重重。     

智能电网中客户数据安全策略的分析

随着用电人数和用电量的快速增加，各地都开始建设智能电网，以合理调配电力资源。文中首先分析了客户数据安全保障工作在智能电网中的重要性，其次分析了智能电网中数据安全保障工作的现状，并探究了智能电网面临的网络安全威胁，最后提出了优化数据安全保障工作的策略，以期为各地的智能电网管理人员提供借鉴，推动智能电网数据保护工作的发展。     

基于大数据挖掘的用电行为分析

得益于智能电网的发展,电力大数据的价值与作用逐渐被挖掘。通过对电力大数据的深入挖掘与研究,可促进电网企业管理水平的进一步提升,为我国智能电网的发展提供助力。而依托于大数据挖掘的用户用电行为分析,可实现当前企业电网调控与需求侧的充分融合,为电力系统的稳定性运行提供保障。基于此,文章针对大数据挖掘的用电行为分析进行深入探析,以期为智能电网发展提供帮助。     

An aggregating based model order reduction method for power grids

Simulation of power girds has become increasingly computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a Model Order Reduction (MOR) method for power grids by extending the existing Aggregating based MOR (AMOR) method. In the proposed method, besides resistors and capacitors, current sources are also aggregated to improve MOR efficiency. Moreover, pre-partition and parallelization techniques are employed to decrease reduction time. Numerical results demonstrate that compared to original circuits, the scale of power grids is greatly reduced without much loss of accuracy. The reduced-order models are especially useful in the multiple simulations of different working modes or different environment corners.     

5G新时代在能源行业实现智能电网应用研究

传统的电力运维管理模式和低性能互联网已不能适应智能电网快速发展的需求,本文研究5G网络和电力行业应用的融合,解决电力系统应用对网络安全性、稳定性以及通信时延的行业痛点,对现阶段能源行业进行深入分析,搭建智能电网平台以应对多种业务场景需求,实现对电力设备运行状态及外部环境的在线监测,提高预警能力和信息化水平,迎接5G网络...     

基于需求响应的风电-抽水蓄能系统调度模型

针对大规模风电并网影响电网稳定运行的问题,基于日前用户侧电力负荷预测和实时电价预测,文中提出了一种电网吸纳风能的新模型。以最小化风电—抽水蓄能联合系统发电成本为目标,在目标求解过程中确定最佳自弹性系数和互弹性系数,运用基于实时电价的需求价格来弹性引导电力用户以实现负荷转移。考虑到用户侧电价弹性限制的约束,该方法采用遗传优化算法编程求解。仿真结果表明,需求侧资源主动参与优化调度可降低负荷峰谷差,利于系统稳定运行,并且可以减少发电成本,提高联合系统经济性。     

降低低压配电线损的技术措施分析

线损高低反映了供电企业的管理水平,如果电能在传输的过程中损耗过大,不仅会影响电能的使用,浪费电力资源,更会降低电力企业的经济效益,影响电力企业的稳健发展。因此,电力企业亟需采取有效的措施降低低压配电线损,将配电网线损控制在正常的水平之内。本文从低压电网线损过高的原因出发讨论,提出了降低农村电网线损的技术措施,希望能够帮助相关部门提高低压电网线损管理水平,更好地服务于社会,服务于人民。     

Novel Temporal Perturbation-Based Privacy-Preserving Mechanism for Smart Meters

Mobile Networks and Applications - Smart meters provide strong data support for the intelligent construction of power grids but expose users’ privacy-sensitive information to adversaries....     

Validity and Accuracy of Equivalent Circuit Models of Passive Inductive Meshes. Definition of a Novel Model for 2D Grids

Accuracy of equivalent circuit models of periodic grids is investigated in amplitude and phase in the visible region. The grids studied here are one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) inductive thin metal meshes. They are located in free space and are illuminated by a plane wave under normal incidence. The range of validity and the accuracy of conventional circuit models are defined by comparison with rigorous results obtained with the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. In particular, it is shown that electrical models of 1D grids are accurate, whereas equivalent circuits of 2D grids should be used very cautiously. Then, a new formulation is proposed to overcome this major drawback. In the non-diffraction region, the agreement between our model and the FDTD results is within 2% for the power reflectivity and 1° for the phase over a very wide range of strip widths.