利用形状记忆合金的SME特性提高复合材料板抗低速冲击性能的有限元分析

应用有限元方法分析了利用形状记忆合金(SMA)的记忆特性(SME)提高复合材料抵抗低速冲击的能力,建立了SMA复合材料板的本构关系和有限元分析模型,利用修正的Hertzian接触定律确定冲击接触力,应用Newmark直接积分法求解方程;研究结果表明利用SMA的形状记忆功能可有效地改善复合材料板的低速冲击响应性能.     

SMA杂交复合材料板低速冲击响应研究

本应用有限单元法，研究了形状记忆合金(SMA)对复合材料板低速冲击响应性能的影响。研究中，通过分析对比不同SMA体积含量复合材料板的低速冲击响应，得出SMA能的效地改善复合材料板低速冲击响应性能的结论，其中，SMA体积含量为0．3的复合材料板的最大挠度大约减少了30％。     

形状记忆合金-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在振动边界条件下的低速冲击数值模拟

采用有限元方法（FEM）研究了振动边界条件对形状记忆合金（SMA）-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的抗低速冲击性能的影响。在数值模拟过程中,将改进的三维Hashin失效准则和Brinson模型分别应用于玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板和SMA,以表征其本构关系。首先通过与固定边界条件下的SMA-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料板低速冲击实验进行比较,验证了数值模拟过程中所用模型及材料参数的准确性。其次,在模拟过程中,应用了包含不同振幅的一系列振动边界条件,对其进行模拟,揭示了振动边界条件对其抗低速冲击性能的影响。数值模拟结果表明,在大振幅条件下,无SMA复合材料的抗冲击性能比小振幅条件下弱;在相同振动边界条件下,SMA-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料与无SMA复合材料相比,其抗低速冲击性能提高。      

基于超弹性特性的SMA复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤数值模拟方法

基于ABAQUS有限元软件结合VC++6.0程序设计,建立了含不同铺层角度、不同排列密度形状记忆合金(SMA)纤维的复合材料层合板有限元模型。将基于Brinson本构模型的SMA分段线性超弹性模型以及判断复合材料层内失效的三维HASHIN失效准则编译至ABAQUS/VUMAT子程序,使用界面单元模拟复合材料层间区域,建立了SMA复合材料层合板的低速冲击损伤及冲击后剩余强度数值模拟方法。对比了不含SMA纤维层合板、含SMA纤维层合板、含普通金属丝层合板在不同冲击能量下的损伤响应。进一步分析了SMA纤维体积分数和直径变化对冲击响应的影响。冲击后剩余压缩强度模拟结果表明:冲击能量为16J时,含体积分数25%、直径0.5mm的SMA纤维层合板的冲击后剩余压缩强度相比不含SMA纤维层合板提高5.78%、相比含普通金属丝层合板提高4.69%。随着SMA纤维体积分数提高,层合板的抗低速冲击能力增强,当体积分数一定时,较细的(0.3mm)SMA纤维比粗的(0.6mm)SMA纤维对层合板的抗低速冲击能力增强效果更好。     

平板型复合材料格栅结构载荷重构研究Ⅰ:前向响应模型

先进复合材料格栅结构(AGS)在航空、 航天结构工程中有着广泛的应用前景。本文作者针对低速冲击载荷作用下先进复合材料格栅结构的载荷重构进行了研究。本文中研究了平板型复合材料格栅结构在横向低速冲击载荷作用下的前向响应近似模型。考虑AGS板蒙皮/肋的弯剪耦合效应和截面偏心距e, 对平板型复合材料格栅结构的等效刚度模型进行了改进。基于改进的等效刚度模型和非对称Mindlin板理论, 建立了平板型格栅结构的前向响应近似模型及其状态空间表达式, 应用傅立叶展开求解了低速横向冲击载荷作用下的结构响应, 并通过数值试验验证了该方法的实用性与可靠性。该部分研究将为平板型复合材料格栅结构的载荷重构 Ⅱ : 逆向重构的研究提供前提条件和理论基础。      

复合材料加筋板低速冲击损伤的数值模拟

建立了复合材料加筋板在横向低速冲击载荷作用下的渐进损伤有限元模型。该模型考虑了复合材料加筋板受低速冲击时的纤维断裂、基体开裂及分层脱粘等五种典型的损伤形式, 在层内采用应变描述的失效判据, 结合相应的材料性能退化方案, 通过编写VUMAT用户自定义子程序以实现相应损伤类型的判断和演化。在层间以及筋条与层板间加入界面元, 模拟层间区域的情况, 结合传统的应力失效判据和断裂力学中的能量释放率准则来判断分层损伤的起始和演化规律。通过对数值模拟结果与实验数据的比较, 验证了模型的合理性和有效性。同时探讨了不同位置、不同冲击能量以及含初始损伤(脱粘)等因素对复合材料加筋板低速冲击性能的影响。     

复合材料加筋板低速冲击损伤的数值模拟

建立了复合材料加筋板在横向低速冲击载荷作用下的渐进损伤有限元模型.该模型考虑了复合材料加筋板受低速冲击时的纤维断裂、基体开裂及分层脱粘等五种典型的损伤形式,在层内采用应变描述的失效判据,结合相应的材料性能退化方案,通过编写VUMAT用户自定义子程序以实现相应损伤类型的判断和演化.在层间以及筋条与层板间加入界面元,模拟层间区域的情况,结合传统的应力失效判据和断裂力学中的能量释放率准则来判断分层损伤的起始和演化规律.通过对数值模拟结果与实验数据的比较,验证了模型的合理性和有效性.同时探讨了不同位置、不同冲击能量以及含初始损伤(脱粘)等因素对复合材料加筋板低速冲击性能的影响.     

形状记忆合金丝增强复合材料的热机特性——智能复合材料研究

在形状记忆合金丝增强复合材料中,形状记忆合金丝作为分布式驱动器使复合材料具有自适应功能.本文根据形状记忆合金的一维本构关系,对形状记忆合金丝增强复合材料的温度与应力、应变关系进行理论探索;对形状记忆合金丝增强复合材料的拉伸性能、温度变化时的自由回复和受限回复性能进行了实验,并与模拟计算结果进行了比较.     

不同预拉力和冲击能量下BFRP筋的横向抗冲击性能

为研究玄武岩纤维增强树脂基复合材料(Basalt fiber reinforced polymer,BFRP)筋的低速冲击性能,通过落锤冲击试验测试了不同预拉力比值(2％、10％、20％和30％)和不同能量(12.76-31.90J)作用下BFRP筋的低速冲击响应,同时测试了未完全断裂试件的残余拉伸承载力.结果 表明:...     

2-2压电复合材料面板的压力放大作用

２－２压电复合材料应用普遍。材料中聚合物对压电陶瓷的应力作用，使性能得到施工改善。在复合材料两电极面上复盖薄面板，由于板的应力传递作用会使使接收国和辐射力产生放大效应，从而提高了接收灵敏度和发射响应。     

Effects of shape memory alloys on low velocity impact characteristics of composite plate

The effects of shape memory alloy thin films embedded in composite plates for improving damage resistance of composite structures under low velocity impact were investigated numerically. Analysis model for SMA thin film was developed based on Lagoudas’ model and implemented using the user defined material subroutine of the ABAQUS/Explicit finite element program. Composite damage model based on the Chang–Chang failure criteria was also implemented to consider progressive damage behavior. The finite element simulation of low velocity impact behavior of a shape memory alloy hybrid composite plate was performed using the ABAQUS/Explicit program. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the effect of shape memory alloys for improving damage resistance of composite plate.     

An approach to optimization of shape memory alloy hybrid composite plates subjected to low-velocity impact

The paper presents an approach to the problem of optimum design of composite plates subjected to low velocity impact. The deflections and stresses are reduced by employing prestrained shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers which are in the martensitic phase when embedded within the plate. At an elevated temperature, the SMA fibers transform into the austenitic phase and tend to contract. However, due to a constraint, the contraction is either completely prevented or reduced resulting in significant tensile recovery stresses. This tension reduces deformations and stresses in the plate subjected to low-velocity impact.The solution in the paper addresses an impact of cross-ply plates with SMA fibers embedded within the layers oriented in both directions. An approach to optimization considered in the paper involves variations of the volume fractions of SMA fibers in each direction subject to a constraint on the total volume of the shape memory alloy. It is shown that an application of SMA fibers can significantly reduce deflections and stresses. A further benefit can be achieved by an optimization of a distribution of volume fractions of SMA fibers between the layers.     

Finite element simulation of low velocity impact on shape memory alloy composite plates

Delamination of composite materials due to low velocity impacts is one of the major failure types of aerospace composite structures. The low velocity impact may not immediately induce any visible damage on the surface of structures whilst the stiffness and compressive strength of the structures can decrease dramatically.

Shape memory alloy (SMA) materials possess unique mechanical and thermal properties compared with conventional materials. Many studies have shown that shape memory alloy wires can absorb a lot of the energy during the impact due to their superelastic and hysteretic behaviour. The superelastic effect is due to reversible stress induced transformation from austenite to martensite. If a stress is applied to the alloy in the austenitic state, large deformation strains can be obtained and stress induced martensite is formed. Upon removal of the stress, the martensite reverts to its austenitic parent phase and the SMA undergoes a large hysteresis loop and a large recoverable strain is obtained. This large strain energy absorption capability can be used to improve the impact tolerance of composites. By embedding superelastic shape memory alloys into a composite structure, impact damage can be reduced quite significantly.

This article investigates the impact damage behaviour of carbon fiber/epoxy composite plates embedded with superelastic shape memory alloys wires. The results show that for low velocity impact, embedding SMA wires into composites increase the damage resistance of the composites when compared to conventional composites structures.     

Adaptability of hybrid smart composite plate under low velocity impact

Present study deals with an approach to the detection of the strains and optimization of shape memory alloys (SMA) under low velocity impact. It is assumed that the sensor is mounted on the opposite side of the impact process, and SMA fibers are embedded within the layers of a composite plate. Modeling the SMA fibers constitutive has been derived as the one-dimensional equations. With different skew angles of the piezoelectric sensor, we can illustrate that the measured charge manifests the strain components induced by the impact. By changing the SMA volume fractions and the temperature increments, we can significantly reduce the deflections. It can be shown that the application of piezoelectric sensors is effective in the monitoring of the transient strain. In addition, the optimization of the distribution of volume fraction of SMA fibers provides further benefits in reducing the deflection of the plate.     

形状记忆合金纤维混杂正交对称铺层板的固有频率

形状记忆合金（SMA）混杂复合材料板是将有预应变的SMA纤维与普通纤维混杂单层内构成的。基于主动应变能调节（ASET）的概念,可实现对板的固有频率的调整。本文采用Galerkin法导出形状记忆合金（SAM）纤维混杂对称正交智能复合材料铺层板自由振动的频率的分析表达式。数值结果表明,SMA纤维的相变激发温度、体积含量、分布方式及其预应变对固有频率均有的影响,尤其是温度、SAM含量及其分布的作用更为显著,是结构振动控制的重要设计参数。     

Thermal post-buckling and flutter characteristics of composite plates embedded with shape memory alloy fibers

It is investigated that the composite plate embedded with shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers is subject to the aerodynamic and thermal loading in the supersonic region. The nonlinear finite element equations based on the first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT) are formulated for the laminated composite plate embedded with SMA fibers (SMA composite plate). The von Karman strain–displacement relation is used to account for the large deflection. The incremental method considering the influence of the initial deflections and initial stresses is adopted for the temperature-dependent material properties of SMA fibers and composite matrix. The first-order piston theory is used for modeling aerodynamic loads. This study shows the effect of the SMA on the critical temperature, thermal post-buckling deflection, natural frequency and critical dynamic pressure of the SMA composite plate.     

Effect of superelastic shape memory alloy wires on the impact behavior of carbon fiber reinforced in situ polymerized poly(butylene terephthalate) composites

Low-velocity impact properties of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires and carbon fiber reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate) obtained by resin transfer molding were characterized. At the subcritical regime the dissipated energy is not affected by the presence of the wires. However SMA has a positive effect on the maximum absorbed energy, since the maximum allowable load is higher. The contribution of the SMA wires to the higher impact performance of the hybrid composite is suggested to be due to their energy absorbing capability, and also to the high reversible force that acts as a healing force.     

Free vibration of buckled SMA reinforced composite laminates

The effect of shape memory alloys (SMA) on the free vibration behavior of buckled cross-ply and angle-ply laminates by varying the SMA fiber spacing was investigated using the finite element method. The formulation of the location-dependent linear, nonlinear stiffness and mass matrices due to non-homogeneous material properties and the temperature-dependent recovery stress stiffness matrix were derived. Numerical results show that the increase of SMA fiber volume fraction and prestrain may generate more recovery stress, and increase the stiffness of SMA reinforced composite laminates. Therefore, the postbuckling deflections of the plate will be decreased considerably and the natural frequencies of the plate may be modified significantly. The buckling mode and fundamental natural mode are dependent on the graphite fiber orientation of the SMA reinforced angle-ply laminates. The relationship between the buckling mode and fundamental natural mode is clearly displayed and studied in detail.     

Dynamic instability response of smart composite material

Laminated composite is common to replace traditional metals in today's industries due to its high specific strength. Shape memory alloy has been used to improve structural behaviours such as buckling, vibration and fatigue through its well‐ known property of shape memory effect. This ability of shape memory alloy to improve the parametric instability behaviour of laminated composite plate has not been studied in the past and as such, this study is conducted. Here, shape memory alloy wires are embedded within the outer layers of the laminated composite plates. The Mathieu‐Hill equation for the parametric instability of the shape memory alloy composite plate has been developed using finite element method based on the first order shear deformation theory. The formulation is validated and parametric studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of shape memory alloy on the dynamic instability behaviour of the composite that corresponds to factors such as static load factor, thickness of the plate and boundary conditions. The study shows that shape memory alloy improves significantly the dynamic instability behaviour of the laminated composite plate by shifting the instability chart to the right. The effect of shape memory alloy can increase the frequency centre of the instability chart by more than 100 %.