包晶钢12 Cr1MoVG小方坯表面凹陷原因及改进

包晶钢铸坯在凝固过程中线收缩和体积收缩大,裂纹敏感性强,铸坯质量不易控制.分析了河钢邯钢包晶钢12Cr1MoVG小方坯生产过程中铸坯表面凹陷形成的原因,并提出了改进措施.通过控制碳含量、优化包晶钢保护渣、提高拉速、降低结晶器水流量、优化足辊喷嘴等措施,包晶钢铸坯表面质量得到了明显改善,铸坯表面凹陷率由100％降低到5％...     

连铸结晶器保护渣物化性能的研究进展

连铸结晶器保护渣可减少铸坯粘结和改善结晶器内的传热状况,保证钢种的顺利生产,提高铸坯质量。从保护渣的熔化性能、润滑性能和结晶性能3个方面综述了近年来国内外关于保护渣物化性能的研究现状,分析了连铸生产中保护渣各项物化性能的研究成果和发展水平,指出了结晶器保护渣进一步的研究方向,即保护渣的润滑与传热、吸收夹杂与润滑等的矛盾对保护渣性能的要求。     

包晶钢结晶器液面周期性波动原因及控制

针对鞍钢股份有限公司鲅鱼圈钢铁分公司板坯连铸在生产包晶系列钢种时．连铸结晶器钢液面周期性剧烈波动的原因进行了分析。包晶钢液在凝固过程的包晶相变造成初生坯壳的不均匀生长是导致结晶器出现液面周期性剧烈波动的主要原因。通过调整结晶器冷却水强度和控制保护渣传热性能,有效地控制了结晶器液面周期性波动,提高了铸坯质量。     

含TiO2无氟保护渣的传热研究及生产实践

在对结晶器无氟保护渣熔粘特性研究的基础上,研究了结晶器无氟保护渣渣膜的传热.即在保护渣熔粘特性的基础上利用添加TiO2来降低和控制铸坯及结晶器之间的热传递.结果表明:采用碱度在0.95～1.05范围内、TiO2含量为2.5%的结晶器无氟保护渣,不仅可保证连铸生产所要求的正常渣耗和结晶器进出水温差,而且铸坯表面质量良好.     

合金钢连铸结晶器保护渣的基本功能

分析了合金钢连铸结晶器保护渣对钢水的保温和避免钢液氧化功能、吸收夹杂物的能力、以及润滑铸坯和控制传热的功能。改善保护渣的保温性能，有利于减轻振痕缺陷和铸坯皮下夹渣，提高保护渣吸收夹杂能力，防止高合金钢连铸时的漏钢和减少铸坯夹渣缺陷；而协调保护渣传热与润滑的功能对避免粘结漏钢和减少铸坯表面纵裂纹和微裂纹有着不可低估的作用。     

连铸结晶器内保护渣渣膜状态的数学模拟

建立了考虑保护渣参与传热的铸坯凝固模型,计算结晶器内铸坯收缩产生的气隙大小,确定存在于结晶器与铸坯间保护渣渣膜的温度、厚度和存在状态,分析保护渣的润滑能力及连铸工艺条件对保护渣的物性要求.得出以下结论:熔化温度越低,液态渣膜越厚,在结晶器内渣膜保持长度越长;对于一定熔化温度的保护渣,存在最佳拉坯速度以提供最佳液体润滑;浇铸温度越高,液态渣膜厚度越大.     

高速连铸结晶器保护渣渣膜凝固结晶组织研究

研究了薄板坯连铸结晶器保护渣渣膜的凝固组织结构、矿相组成、析晶率,分析了固态渣膜结构对铸坯传热的影响以及通过控制渣膜凝固结构提高连铸表面质量的途径。     

不同保护渣在连铸大小方坯上的应用

不同保护渣在连铸大小方坯上的应用［德］ＨｏｒｓｔＡｂｒａｔｉｓ等１前言在连铸结晶器内使用的保护渣应满足多方面的要求，也就是借助形成液渣来润滑铸坯使其滑动地通过结晶器，恰如其分地控制和均匀结晶器内的传热，吸收来自钢液中产生的非金属夹杂以及避免钢液面较大...     

高频磁场下连铸保护渣润滑行为数学模型

摘要：为了研究高频磁场下连铸保护渣在结晶器内的润滑状况，建立了高频磁场下连铸保护渣润滑行为数学模型，并应用该数学模型研究了初始凝固时磁场作用下渣道宽度、弯月面高度、渣道动压、渣耗、摩擦力等因素对保护渣润滑行为的影响。结果发现，磁场的作用拓宽了保护渣渣道宽度，增大了弯月面高度，使保护渣渣道入口及出口宽度增加，使初始凝固点下移，改善了传热条件有利于铸坯表面质量提升；磁场的作用减小了因结晶器振动而产生的正压和负压，并且正、负压都是随着磁场强度的增大而减小，但磁场强度存在一个最佳值；磁场的作用增大了渣耗量，改善了铸坯与结晶器之间的润滑；铸坯与结晶器之间摩擦力随着磁场强度的增大而减小，当磁场强度为40mT时，总摩擦力减小趋于平缓，因此磁场强度为40mT左右时对减小摩擦力的作用效果较好。     

外加液态保护渣连铸生产实践与前景展望

 外加液态保护渣可以提高铸坯质量和可浇性。在某厂板坯连铸机上,分别采用液态保护渣和固态保护渣进行多钢种浇注试验,对比液态保护渣和固态保护渣消耗量、结晶器温度分布、拉坯摩擦力及铸坯质量,并对液态保护渣的应用前景进行展望。结果显示,液态保护渣比固态保护渣消耗量增加60%左右,结晶器温度分布更均匀,连铸拉坯摩擦力降低约15%,铸坯质量有所提高。这说明在连铸过程中,液态保护渣使结晶器和铸坯间传热更均匀;液态保护渣润滑效果更好,可以提高铸坯质量。同时,有望不添加F-、Na+等有害离子,改善环保问题。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.