GTMAC改性淀粉的合成研究

超声条件下以环氧氯丙烷(EPIC)和三甲胺(TMA)反应制备中间体醚化剂失水甘油基三甲基氯化铵(GTMAC),用制得的醚化剂GTMAC对淀粉进行改性合成季铵盐阳离子淀粉。研究了GTMAC和淀粉的配料比、反应温度、反应pH、反应时间对阳离子淀粉产率的影响。实验得出阳离子淀粉的最佳合成反应条件为:n(GTMAC)∶n(淀粉)=0.6∶1、反应时间4 h、反应温度70℃、反应pH=10,阳离子淀粉产率为88.1%。通过红外光谱对GTMAC和阳离子淀粉进行了结构表征。     

Al-Zr-SiO2固体酸催化大豆油环氧化的研究

以Al-Zr-SiO_2固体酸为催化剂制备环氧大豆油,考察反应时间、催化剂用量、反应温度、n(H_2O_2)∶n(双键)对环氧化反应的影响,并通过响应面试验对环氧化反应工艺条件进行优化。得到环氧化反应最佳工艺参数为,大豆油∶甲酸∶过氧化氢=1∶0.5∶2.5(摩尔比),Al-Zr-SiO_2固体酸催化剂用量为0.8%,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为4 h,在该条件下所得大豆油的环氧值为6.57%。     

季铵型低取代度阳离子淀粉的合成

以玉米淀粉和3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CHPT)为原料,以碱作催化剂,合成了季铵型阳离子淀粉。讨论了单因素对反应效率(RE)和取代度(DS)的影响;利用正交实验确定的最佳反应条件为:反应温度60℃、n(NaOH)∶n(CHPT)=1.94、反应时间6h、混合温度40℃、用水量(与淀粉的质量比)1.2。     

改性蒙脱土催化环氧油酸甲酯制备支链脂肪酸甲酯

以硫酸改性的蒙脱土为催化剂,催化环氧油酸甲酯制备支链脂肪酸甲酯。以开环转化率为指标,通过单因素实验考察反应时间、反应温度、n(异辛醇)∶n(环氧键)、催化剂加入量对改性蒙脱土催化制备支链脂肪酸甲酯的影响,并采用响应面法进行优化,然后对产物进行了红外光谱分析。得到制备支链脂肪酸甲酯的最佳反应条件为反应时间12 h、反应温度90℃、n(异辛醇)∶n(环氧键)=3.4∶1、催化剂加入量(占环氧油酸甲酯质量)3.7%,在此条件下开环转化率达到99.57%。     

Bola型羧酸盐表面活性剂的合成研究

以聚丙二醇和氯乙酸钠为原料合成了一种新型Bola型羧酸盐表面活性剂.采用正交试验法考察了反应物配比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对转化率的影响.确定了最佳反应条件:n(聚丙二醇)∶n(氯乙酸钠)=1∶2.15,n(氯乙酸钠)∶n(NaOH)=1∶1.1,反应温度70℃,反应时间5 h.在此条件下,转化率为92.23%.并用IR、MS对此表面活性剂结构进行了表征.     

超强钙基固体碱催化三组分体系高效制备无甘油生物柴油

采用浸渍法制备K_2CO_3/CaO固体碱催化剂,考察其催化甲醇-油脂-碳酸二甲酯三组分耦合反应体系制备无甘油生物柴油的性能。结果表明:在浸渍时间8 h、碳酸钾负载量5%、焙烧温度600℃时,该固体碱催化剂在常压回流、n(油)∶n(酯)∶n(醇)为1∶1∶8、催化剂用量15%的条件下,反应60 min生物柴油产率可达97.88%;反应得到的未经处理的生物柴油中游离甘油的含量仅为0.019 62%。采用TG、BET、SEM、CO_2-TPD及XRD等技术对该催化剂进行了表征发现,催化剂的高活性与碳酸钾和氧化钙经高温焙烧产生两个新的碱性位点有关。     

SDS+HCl催化合成亲水性植物甾醇酯

作者通过两步法将植物甾醇与聚乙二醇结合,即植物甾醇先与琥珀酸酐反应合成植物甾醇琥珀酸单酯(简称单酯),后者再与聚乙二醇酯化制备新型亲水性植物甾醇酯(植物甾醇聚乙二醇琥珀酸二酯,简称二酯)。考察了胶束催化剂对二酯合成的影响,研究了反应条件对转化率的影响。结果表明,十二烷基硫酸钠加盐酸为合成亲水性植物甾醇酯的高效催化剂。在催化剂用量为质量分数6%,单酯与聚乙二醇摩尔比为1∶2,140℃下反应2 h目标产物的转化率可达96%。     

La/CaO/MgO/Al_2O_3固体碱催化剂的制备及表征

以镧、钙、镁、铝的硝酸盐为原料,以尿素为沉淀剂,采用均匀沉淀及高温焙烧的方法制备了La/Ca O/Mg O/Al2O3固体碱催化剂。采用单因素实验考察了制备条件对催化剂活性的影响,得到制备固体碱催化剂的优化工艺条件为:n(La)∶n(Ca)∶n(Mg)∶n(Al)=0.027 0∶4∶2∶2,反应温度120℃,焙烧温度750℃,焙烧时间8 h。将优化条件下制备的La/Ca O/Mg O/Al2O3固体碱用于催化蓖麻油和甲醇的酯交换反应,在n(醇)∶n(油)=9∶1、m(催化剂)∶m(油)=0.04∶1、搅拌速率550r/min、反应温度65℃、反应时间3 h的条件下,蓖麻油转化率可达88.44%。采用Hammett指示剂法、TG、BET、XRD及SEM对催化剂及其前驱体进行了表征。结果表明:La/CaO/MgO/Al_2O_3固体碱的碱强度为7.2~11.2;当温度超过830℃时,La-Ca-Mg-Al水滑石的质量几乎不再随温度变化;催化剂比表面积为50.84 m2/g、孔容为0.107 3 cm3/g,催化剂主要由Ca O、Mg O及Al2O33种晶体组成。     

微波辐射常压合成肉桂酸四氢糠酯

在对甲基苯磺酸的催化下,利用微波辐射技术,在常压下快速合成了肉桂酸四氢糠酯。最佳反应条件为:n(四氢糠醇)∶n(肉桂酸)=4∶1(mol/mol)、催化剂0.30g、微波功率462W、辐射时间10min,转化率为92.1%。     

Ca-Zn-Al-O固体碱的制备、表征及其油脂醇解催化活性

以硝酸钙、硝酸锌、硝酸铝为原料,以尿素为沉淀剂,采用均匀沉淀法制备了催化剂前驱体Ca-Zn-Al类水滑石,再高温焙烧制得Ca-Zn-Al-O固体碱催化剂。以一定条件下蓖麻油和甲醇的酯交换反应为探针反应,蓖麻油转化率为催化剂活性评价指标,采用单因素实验考察了催化剂制备条件对催化剂活性的影响。得到制备催化剂的最佳工艺条件为:n(Ca)∶n(Zn)∶n(Al)=2∶1∶1,反应温度120℃,焙烧温度850℃,焙烧时间7 h。将该催化剂用于蓖麻油和甲醇的酯交换反应,在醇油摩尔比9∶1、催化剂与油质量比0.04∶1、反应温度65℃、搅拌速率550 r/min、反应时间3 h的条件下,蓖麻油转化率可达94.5%。采用TG、BET及XRD对催化剂及其前驱体进行了表征。结果表明:Ca-Zn-Al类水滑石在25~800℃温区,随温度升高其质量一直下降,在800~900℃温区,其质量几乎为定值;催化剂BJH脱附累积比表面积为27.36 m~2/g,BJH脱附累积孔容为0.050 45 cm~3/g;Ca-Zn-Al-O固体碱主要由CaO、ZnO两种晶体组成。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press