多孔陶瓷膜支撑体的制备研究进展

多孔陶瓷膜支撑体是陶瓷膜制备与应用的基础.本文概述了多孔陶瓷膜支撑体主要的制备工艺及其特点;探讨了制备过程中影响多孔陶瓷膜支撑体结构及性能的因素;综述了多孔陶瓷膜支撑体研究现状,并对多孔陶瓷膜支撑体的发展趋势进行了展望.     

多孔陶瓷分离膜支撑体的制备研究

采用氧化铝为主要原料制备出多孔陶瓷分离膜支撑体,对原料粉体做了TG/DSC曲线分析,研究了支撑体的烧结温度对收缩率的影响及烧结温度、保温时间和原料粉体粒径对孔结构、孔径的影响,造孔剂用量对孔隙率的影响。结果表明：在烧结温度为1200℃,保温时间4h,控制造孔剂用量大于20%时,制备出孔径分布均匀,孔隙率大于50%,符合透水要求的多孔陶瓷分离膜支撑体。     

多孔陶瓷分离膜

多孔陶瓷膜由于其优良的耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐微生物侵蚀等性质，近年来被快速地应用于分离领域。本文介绍其制备方法、性能测定及应用前景。     

Electrical Properties of Porous Titania Ceramic Humidity Sensors

Ceramic humidity sensors made with pure TiO₂ powder as the starting material are investigated. The sensor can be reversibly operated without repeated high-temperature thermal desorption, and the conductance versus relative humidity (rh) sensitivity of the sensor is more than 4 orders of magnitude in the range ∼15% to 95% rh at 400 Hz and 25°C. The sensor can be polarized similar to electrolytes in the charging process, and the degree of polarization is enhanced with increasing rh. The conduction carriers of the sensor in the humid atmosphere are ions and electrons, and ions are the dominant conduction carrier. The relative dielectric dispersion k'(ω) is almost proportional to ω^−1.84 for rh ∼50% to 95% at low frequencies, where ω is the angular frequency. An inductive effect is also observed in a low-humidity atmosphere, which implies desorption of water vapor with the regeneration of the adsorption sites.     

陶瓷分离膜支撑体材料制备技术研究

对陶瓷分离膜支撑体材料的国内外研究和发展状况作了综合评述,介绍了几种陶瓷支撑体的制备方法,并评述了这些方法的优缺点.初步探讨了制备过程中的主要影响因素.     

多孔陶瓷膜反应器用于非均相超细纳米催化的研究进展(英文)

Heterogeneous catalysts with ultrafine or nano particle size have currently attracted considerable attentions in the chemical and petrochemical production processes, but their large-scale applications remain challenging because of difficulties associated with their efficient separation from the reaction slurry. A porous ceramic membrane reactor has emerged as a promising method to solve the problem concerning catalysts separation in situ from the reaction mixture and make the production process continuous in heterogeneous catalysis. This article presents a review of the present progress on porous ceramic membrane reactors for heterogeneous catalysis, which covers classification of configurations of porous ceramic membrane reactor, major considerations and some important industrial applications. A special emphasis is paid to major considerations in term of application-oriented ceramic membrane design, optimization of ceramic membrane reactor performance and membrane fouling mechanism. Finally, brief concluding remarks on porous ceramic membrane reactors are given and possible future research interests are also outlined.     

烧结制度及造孔剂用量对粉煤灰基多孔陶瓷膜支撑体性能的影响

以粉煤灰为原料,采用挤压成型和固态粒子烧结法制备管状粉煤灰基多孔陶瓷膜支撑体.采用TG-DSC技术对粉煤灰进行了热分析,采用SEM和XRD技术对样品的微观结构及物相组成进行了分析,并测定了样品的开孔率、抗压强度及空气渗透速率等性能指标.研究了烧结温度、保温时间和造孔剂添加量对支撑体性能的影响.结果表明:支撑体晶相组成主要为赤铁矿、红柱石和石英;烧结温度为1000 ℃,保温2 h,仅添加1%的粘结剂,不添加造孔剂的条件下制备出的管状支撑体综合性能最优,此时的支撑体孔隙率为44.95%,抗压强度为8.92 MPa,空气渗透速率为2.57×104 m3·h-1·m-2·MPa-1.     

反胶团法制备氧化钛超滤膜的研究

采用新型的反胶团法制备了氧化钛超滤膜。实验以钛酸丁脂、水、环己烷、异戊醇及表面活性剂Span-80等为原料,通过控制水量制得三种粒径分布的氧化钛反胶团微乳液。TEM照片表明,TiO2反胶团粒子随着[H2O]/[Span-80]由13.9增加到55.5而增大,但当[H2O]/[Span-80]增加到110.9时TiO2反胶团粒子反而减小。BET法结果与TEM照片一致,而且表明[H2O]/[Span-80]为110.9的TiO2反胶团微乳液所制得的无支撑膜孔径分布最窄、最可几孔径约为4.5nm。采用该种微乳液所制得的氧化钛支撑膜的最可几孔径约为16nm, 纯水渗透率为1.57×10-4m3(m2sMPa)-1;常温下N2、H2渗透率分别为4.3mol (m2sMPa)-1和14.1mol(m2sMPa)-1,表明所得TiO2分离层较完整。     

Porous Titania Ceramic Prepared by Mimicking Silicified Wood

A porous titania ceramic with a woodlike microstructure that was analogous to silicified wood was prepared. The production of "titanified wood" was performed using the following process: (i) introduction of titanium tetraisopropoxide into wood materials via vacuum infiltration, (ii) hydrolysis of the titanium tetraisopropoxide in the cell structure to form a titania gel, and (iii) firing at a temperature of 600°–1400°C in air. The resulting titania ceramic had the same external and internal forms of the original wood.     

蓝晶石基微孔莫来石陶瓷分离膜支撑体的制备、结构与性能研究

以蓝晶石为主要原料、γ-A12O3为辅料,采用注浆成型技术与反应烧结工艺制备出了具有针状网络结构的微孔莫来石陶瓷分离膜支撑体.系统研究了烧成温度对试样物相组成、显微结构及性能的影响,结果表明:随着烧成温度的升高,试样中莫来石的生成量增多,其形貌逐渐由针状发育成柱状,试样的性能与莫来石的生成量及形貌密切相关.针状莫来石可对基体起强韧化作用,并使气孔的有效半径微细化.在1450 ～ 1500℃,随烧成温度的升高,试样的显气孔率逐渐增大、孔径减小、强度升高.所制支撑体的体积密度为1.38～ 1.60 g,/cm3、显气孔率为46.74％ ～ 53.23％、烧后线变化率为-3.10％～2.24％、气孔孔径集中分布在1～ 20 μm、平均孔径为5.84～9.93 μm、常温耐压强度为30.1～ 37.2 MPa.     

功能化聚四氟乙烯微孔膜的研究进展

功能化PTFE微孔膜兼具PTFE微孔膜的优异特性及功能高分子的特殊性能,选择性透过、催化、传输药物、抗菌、质子交换等特殊功能的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）微孔膜极具应用潜力。本文综述了PTFE微孔膜的特性,总结了近年来采用辐射接枝、表面沉积、涂覆或共混等方法功能化PTFE微孔膜的最新研究进展及其在化工、医学、服装、电子等领域功能化应用的最新成果,并指出目前存在的问题,对今后的研究提出了展望。     

SiO2涂层对多孔氮化物陶瓷材料性能影响初探

采用硅溶胶+石英粉体在多孔氮化物陶瓷材料表面形成一层致密的过渡层,初步研究了过渡层对多孔氮化物陶瓷材料部分性能的影响.     

聚四氟乙烯微孔膜的研究进展

聚四氟乙烯微孔膜具有化学性质稳定、透光率高、透水率高、耐高温、抗腐蚀等优点,应用非常广泛。本文综述了聚四氟乙烯微孔膜的制备方法及在电学、医学、化工、服装等多个领域的最新应用,并指出了其存在的问题及今后的发展方向。     

萃取-膜蒸馏法处理钛白废酸的研究

提出了三异辛胺-仲辛醇-航空煤油体系萃取硫酸与减压膜蒸馏浓缩相结合的钛白废酸治理新方案。对萃取工艺参数、膜蒸馏浓缩稀硫酸的基本规律及萃取回收硫酸的浓缩程度进行了研究。结果表明:1.49mol·L-1的钛白废酸经8级萃取和6级反萃取,酸回收率可达92.15%,稀硫酸浓度为1.21mol·L-1,再经减压膜蒸馏浓缩可得到10.82mol·L-1(质量分数67.3%)的硫酸,达到了返回钛白生产循环使用的要求。     

铝硅酸溶液中NaA型沸石分子筛膜合成规律的研究

对支撑体预处理、制膜液碱度、晶化温度和晶化时间对NaA型沸石分子筛膜性能的影响进行了综合研究,得出较优的条件是;支撑体采用去离子水浸泡,在90℃条件下晶化5小时,制膜液摩尔组成为Na2O:SiO2:Al2O3:H2O=8:1:0.2:200.SEM表明所合成的NaA型沸石分子筛在支撑体表面紧密排列形成膜层,膜厚约为3μm;NaA型沸石分子筛膜的氢气和氮气的渗透系数几乎不随平均压力变化而改变,其理想分离系数约为5,高于Knudsen扩散值,表明所合成的NaA型沸石分子筛膜具有一定的分子筛分效应.     

Ceramic/Polyaniline Composite Porous Membranes

Ceramic/polyaniline composite porous membranes are successfully made by diffusing ammonium peroxydisulfate and aniline into inorganic membrane disks. The ceramic disks are fabricated by mixing CMC, water, kaolin and alumina followed by the processes of drying, milling, sieving, pressing at 4000 pounds, and firing. The pore size of the disk is approximately 1 m.When the concentration of the oxidant is 0.25 M and that of the monomer is 1 M, the incorporation of polyaniline into the ceramic disks levels off after about 40 hours. The maximum incorporation percentage is approximately 4.86 wt% (0.18 g of polymer/3.7 g of disk). Characterizations of the ceramic disk and its composites include N2-flow tests, solubility tests, BET, SEM, OM and acid diffusion studies. Nitrogen-flow tests indicate that the incorporated polyaniline is structurally unstable. However, after applying N2 gas of 23 psig for about 40 min, no further degradation is observed in these composite membranes even under 40 psig of N2 gas. BET shows that the surface area of the composite is greater than that of the ceramic disk. SEM reveals that polyaniline is grown on the surface of the pores of the ceramic disks. Time constants, corresponding to the time when the pH value reaches 36.8% of the initial value, are estimated from the results of acid diffusion studies. The magnitude of the time constant is in the following order: ceramic/Peani base > ceramic/Peani salt > ceramic/Pani base > ceramic/Pani salt > plain ceramic.     

PTFE多孔膜气体渗透数学模型和膜孔结构的影响

Membrane-based separation processes are new technology combined membrane separation with conventional separation. Hydrophobic porous membranes are often used in these processes. The structure of hydrophobic porous membrane has significant effect on mass transfer process. The permeabilities of five kinds of gas, He, N2,O2, CO2 and water vapor, across six polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) fiat membranes were tested experimentally.Results indicated that the greater the membrane mean pore size and the wider the pore size distribution are, the higher the gas permeability. A gas permeation model, including the effects of membrane structure parameter and gas properties, was established. A comprehensive characteristic parameter (including porosity, thickness and tortuosity) was found more effective to express the influence of membrane structure in gas permeation process. The predicted permeation coefficients were in good agreement with experimental data.     

玻璃分离膜的制备,性能与应用

本文综述了近年来玻璃分离膜的制备工艺,性能及应用研究方面的进展,介绍了玻璃分离膜的主要制备方法,影响玻璃膜性能的因素,并对玻璃分离膜的应用及发展前景进行了讨论。append     

陶瓷纤维复合微滤膜制备工艺及性能表征

主要描述了陶瓷纤维复合微滤膜的制备工艺及性能表征,其中主要包括陶瓷纤维的选择、可控长径比的陶瓷纤维制备及分散工艺、陶瓷纤维膜支撑体的制备、膜组分配方及各组分配比对材料性能的影响、陶瓷纤维膜的真空抽滤成型工艺及各工艺参数对膜材料性能的影响等.     

聚四氟乙烯拉伸微孔膜的结构与性能

通过挤出、压延和拉伸等工序制备了聚四氟乙烯微孔膜，采用扫描电镜（SEM）分析了微孔膜的微观结构；采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）和广角X衍射（WXRD）表征了拉伸前后聚四氟乙烯结晶度的变化；研究了拉伸温度、拉伸倍率和拉伸速率对微孔膜力学性能的影响。结果表明：聚四氟乙烯微孔膜具有小岛状结点和与拉伸方向平行的微细纤维组成的微观结构；拉伸使PTFE的结晶度显著降低；拉伸工艺是制备微孔膜的关键因素，拉伸温度220～320℃，拉伸倍率为8倍时，微孔膜的最大拉伸强度可达8．5MPa；此外较大的拉伸速率可获得尺寸分布更均匀的微孔。