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《中国给水排水》2017,(9)
近几年,紫外消毒逐渐在给水厂得到应用,紫外/氯联合消毒有效保障了供水水质的微生物安全性。为了考察单独氯消毒与紫外/氯联合消毒的灭菌效果,设计了一套低压紫外消毒系统,并置于水厂炭池出水后。同时,为了更全面评估不同类型紫外灯的消毒效果,对水厂的中压紫外消毒系统一并进行考察,应用流式细胞仪对各种消毒方式的灭菌效能进行了研究。结果显示,采用单独氯消毒时,微生物量随停留时间的增长速率仅与加入的消毒剂浓度有关;采用低压紫外/氯消毒工艺时,随着氯消毒剂投量的增加,水中的微生物衰减速率提高。将两种不同方式的余氯衰减情况与除菌效果结合来看,紫外/氯消毒方式可在仅有少量余氯存在的情况下,就能充分保证对微生物的灭活效果。因此,当采用低压紫外/氯消毒工艺时,可适当降低消毒剂的投加量。另外,中压紫外/氯消毒方式对微生物的灭活效果在加入浓度相对较高的氯消毒剂时要明显优于低压紫外/氯消毒方式。 相似文献
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齐齐哈尔市浏园水厂采用二氧化氯消毒代替液氯消毒,取得了较为理想的效果。同时解决了出水锰超标的问题,在处理低温、低浊水时,二氧化氯还体现了明显的助凝效果。最后对采用二氧化氯消毒时存在的问题和解决办法进行了总结,可供类似水厂改造借鉴。 相似文献
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在制水过程中消毒处理有着至关重要的作用,本文介绍通过对九溪水厂加氯消毒方式的改造,采用多点加氯的模式,较好的解决了水厂滤池亚硝化细菌的滋生、出厂水亚硝酸盐超标、出水余氯不稳定的现象,同时降低制水氯耗,减少加氯消毒副产物。 相似文献
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针对采用二氧化氯消毒的部分水厂面临氯酸盐和亚氯酸盐超标风险较高的问题,以全面提升深圳市饮用水供水水质安全为目标,研发建立了二氧化氯与氯混合发生器工况评估和优化技术以及次氯酸钠与二氧化氯联合消毒控制技术,并在盐田港水厂进行技术示范。示范技术应用后,出厂水中氯酸盐和亚氯酸盐浓度均降低至国标限值的30%以下,微生物呈未检出状态,同时其他水质指标完全满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)的要求。示范技术的开发与应用,为深圳地区供水水质安全保障提供了有力支撑,也可为国内类似水质问题的解决提供借鉴。 相似文献
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因农村安全饮水工程地域和维管水平与城市水厂不同,消毒方式的选择需综合考虑原水水质、原料运输与运行维护等因素合理选择,本文以四川某8000m。/d的农村安全饮水工程为例,对液氯、二氧化氯、次氯酸钠和臭氧四类消毒工艺进行了研究并提出:(1)根据消毒工艺消毒副产物(DBPs)的毒理学和病理学研究成果,有机污染严重的水质采用“二氧化氯预消毒+氯胺后消毒”对控制前驱物THMFP和DBPs较有利,为控制CL2一二氧化氯的投加量一般不宜超过2mg/L;(2)测算了四类消毒工艺的成本,电解次氯酸钠与二氧化氯成本约0.03元/m3,介于传统液氯与臭氧消毒之间;(3)因地域交通特点农村水厂采用原料采购方便、安全的电解法制次氯酸钠消毒工艺具有特定优势,在原水有机污染不严重时采用电解法制次氯酸钠是传统液氯消毒的优良替代方案。最后指出,优化与组合各类消毒工艺对控制消毒副产物影响、降低成本负担和克服管理水平短板使农村安全饮水工程实现“建得起、用得起”。 相似文献
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Adequate disinfection of grey water prior to reuse is important to prevent the potential transmission of disease-causing microorganisms. Chlorine is a widely utilised disinfectant and as such is a leading contender for disinfection of grey water intended for reuse. This study examined the impact of organics and particles on chlorine disinfection of grey water, measured by total coliform inactivation. The efficacy of disinfection was most closely linked with particle size. Larger particles shielded total coliforms from inactivation and disinfection efficacy decreased with increasing particle size. Blending to extract particle-associated coliforms (PACs) following chlorine disinfection revealed that up to 91% of total coliforms in chlorinated grey water were particle associated. The organic concentration of grey water affected chlorine demand but did not influence the disinfection resistance of total coliforms when a free chlorine residual was maintained. Implications for urban water reuse are discussed and it is recommended that grey water treatment systems target suspended solids removal to ensure removal of PACs prior to disinfection. 相似文献
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Chlorine is widely used in public water supplies to provide a disinfection barrier. The effect of chlorine disinfection on the water-borne pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei was assessed using multiple techniques. After exposure to chlorine viable bacteria were undetectable by conventional plate count techniques; however, persistence of B. pseudomallei was verified by flow cytometry and bacteria were recoverable following a simple one-step broth procedure. The minimum residual chlorine concentration and contact time as prescribed by potable water providers in Australia was insufficient to reduce a B. pseudomallei population by more than 2 log(10). Chlorine had a bacteriostatic effect only on B. pseudomallei; viable bacteria were recovered from water containing up to 1000 ppm free chlorine. This finding has practical implications for water treatment in regions where B. pseudomallei is endemic. Future work to assess the effect of alternative water disinfection processes either singly or in sequence is necessary. 相似文献
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Biodegradability of organic by-products after natural organic matter oxidation with ClO2--case study 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Apart from well-known chlorites and chlorates, chlorine dioxide also generates easily biodegradable carbonyl compounds and short chain carboxylic acids during water disinfection. The main goal of the presented study was to examine the influence of natural organic matter (NOM) oxidation with chlorine dioxide, on the quantity as well as the quality of formed biodegradable by-products. In the experiments conducted at the pilot plant the sand filtered water (MWI) and ozonated/biofiltrated water (BAF) were oxidised with ClO2. The amount of BDOC formed as a result of the oxidation of both waters with ClO2 was compared. The results showed considerable differences in formation of ClO2 oxidation by-products between non-ozonated and ozonated/biofiltered waters. The disinfection of ozonated/biofiltrated water with ClO2 generated comparable amounts of aldehydes and much higher amounts of carboxylic acids than ClO2 oxidation of sand filtered water. These findings are essential for waterworks with ozonation/biofiltration units and ClO2 disinfection implemented. 相似文献
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为考察常用城市污水再生回用工艺去除病毒的效果,采用柯萨奇B3型病毒(CoxB3)作为肠道病毒示踪剂进行试验.首先向污水厂二级处理出水中人工投加已知浓度的病毒,然后分别采用混凝/沉淀/过滤、超滤、氯消毒和臭氧消毒对其进行处理,并分析处理前后病毒的组织培养半数感染剂量(TCID50).结果表明,混凝/沉淀/过滤对大肠菌的去除率为2-lg~3-lg,对柯萨奇病毒的去除率约为1.83-lg;氯消毒和臭氧消毒可以有效杀灭大肠菌,在消毒剂浓度为1~10mg/L、余氯浓度为1~6 mg/L、pH为6~7的条件下,氯消毒对柯萨奇病毒的去除效果不佳,臭氧消毒对柯萨奇病毒的去除率则随臭氧浓度的不同而在1.33-lg~3.83-lg变化;超滤可有效去除大肠菌,对柯萨奇病毒的去除率为2.33-lg. 相似文献