纳米ZnS粒子作为润滑油添加剂摩擦学性能研究

采用均匀沉淀法制备了硬脂酸修饰的纳米ZnS粒子,用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了其作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,并用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪对磨斑进行了表面分析.结果表明:在一定添加量范围内,硬脂酸修饰的纳米ZnS粒子可明显改善基础油的摩擦学性能;在摩擦过程中,纳米ZnS粒子在摩擦表面的沉积和通过摩擦化学反应生成的化学反应膜,显著提高了基础油的抗磨减摩性能.     

纳米Sn粒子的制备及其作润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

用化学还原法制备了表面经油酸修饰的纳米Sn粒子,并在透射电镜(TEM)下观测到所制备的纳米Sn粒子呈球形、平均粒径为20 nm。在MSR-10D四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了纳米Sn粒子作为CF-4 15W/40润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,并在扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)上对钢球磨斑表面进行了形貌观测和表层成分分析。试验结果表明,纳米Sn粒子作为润滑油添加剂具有一定的减摩性能和较好的抗磨性能,当所添加的体积分数仅为0.1%时,添加纳米Sn粒子润滑油的摩擦力比基础油降低了16.64%,其磨斑直径比基础油减小了38.4%。分析认为,纳米Sn粒子通过隔离摩擦表面而改善了润滑油的减摩抗磨性能。     

纳米CaCO3、Cu混合物润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能

采用纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜粒子混合物作为润滑油添加剂,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了含纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜粒子添加剂的润滑油的摩擦学性能;用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）考察了磨痕表面的形貌;用原子力显微镜和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察分析了在磨损表面纳米粒子的形态与分布。研究结果表明,纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜的混合粒子的总添加量为0.6％,质量比为1：1时,润滑油具有最佳的摩擦学性能;润滑油中纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜混合物粒子添加剂的优良摩擦学性能与纳米粒子在表面存在形态相关。     

W/O微乳液法制备表面修饰纳米氟化镧润滑油添加剂

采用聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺T152/S-80复合表面活性剂(w(Span80)∶w(Tween20)=2∶3(质量比))/异丁醇/500SN基础油/氟化铵水溶液W/O微乳液体系构建微反应器,通过原位表面修饰制备了含纳米LaF3粒子的液体润滑油添加剂,同时,采用洗涤法制备了干粉纳米LaF3。采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)分析了纳米LaF3粒子的结构和形貌。分别将液体添加剂和干粉加入基础油中,采用离心沉降法考察了不同后续分离方法得到的纳米粒子在基础油中的分散稳定性,用四球机考察了它们的摩擦学性能,最后采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了磨斑表面形貌。结果表明:所构建的微反应器制备的颗粒状纳米LaF3平均粒径在10~15 nm之间;纳米粒子在基础油中的分散稳定性对其摩擦学性能影响很大,液体添加剂中的纳米粒子在基础油中的分散稳定性和摩擦学性能大大高于干粉粒子;液体添加剂中的表面活性剂不仅有利于纳米粒子在基础油中的稳定分散而且有减摩作用。     

硼酸锌超微粒子在水溶液中的摩擦学性能研究

采用沉淀法原位合成了油酸钠修饰硼酸锌纳米颗粒,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和红外光谱(IR)对其形貌和表面结构进行了表征,用四球机考察了其在水中的摩擦学性能,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了磨斑表面形貌,用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了试球磨斑表面的化学成分.结果表明:制备的油酸钠修饰硼酸锌纳米粒子粒径在80～100 nm,能在水中均匀分散,可使水的承载能力显著提高,抗磨减摩性能也有较大提高.XPS分析表明,硼酸锌纳米粒子作为水基润滑剂,在摩擦过程中在摩擦副表面生成了Zn、B、Fe等的氧化物保护膜, 起到良好的抗磨减摩作用.     

纳米碳酸钙、稀土复合粒子用作润滑油添加剂的研究

选择合适的表面活性剂制备含纳米碳酸钙和纳米稀土复合粒子添加剂的润滑油,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了润滑油的摩擦学性能;用扫描电镜与X射线光电子能谱仪分析了磨损钢球表面的形貌、化学组成和状态。结果表明：纳米碳酸钙、纳米稀土复合粒子的最佳添加方式为：CaCO3与RE质量比为1：1,总质量分数为0．6％;此时润滑油具有最佳的抗磨、减摩性能,润滑油的抗磨、减摩机理与纳米粒子存在形态以及它们的协同作用有关。     

油溶性钙掺杂氟化镧纳米粒子的制备及其摩擦性能研究

在乙醇-水体系中,以二辛基二硫代磷酸双(β-)羟乙基十八胺盐为表面修饰剂,以氯化钙和氯化镧为原料,制备了油溶性钙掺杂氟化镧纳米粒子和氟化镧与氟化钙混合体纳米粒子.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重仪(TG)及傅立叶红外(FTIR)表征了表面修饰纳米粒子的结构及形貌,利用离心沉降法和升温法结合研究了添加剂中纳米粒子在500SN基础油中的分散稳定性和高温稳定性,利用四球机考察了纳米粒子的摩擦学性能,并通过SEM分析了钢球磨斑表面.结果表明:La、Ca摩尔比为1∶1时,纳米粒子为氟化镧晶体和氟化钙晶体的混合物;La、Ca摩尔比为1∶2时,其结构为掺杂体;2种纳米粒子形貌和粒径一样,平均粒径在10 nm左右;在500SN基础油中具有良好的分散稳定性;掺杂体纳米粒子的摩擦学性能高于混合体纳米粒子,含掺杂体纳米粒子油样的最大无卡咬负荷值比基础油提高了1.15倍,磨斑直径比基础油降低了42.6%.     

纳米二氧化铈润滑油添加剂的摩擦学特性

用适当的表面活性剂对纳米二氧化铈粒子进行表面改性处理,采用透射电镜(TEM)和X-射线衍射法(XRD)观察与测量纳米二氧化铈粒子的形貌、结构和平均直径。将改性后的纳米二氧化铈粒子作为润滑油添加剂,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机测定添加纳米二氧化铈粒子的润滑油的摩擦学性能。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察磨斑表面形貌以及纳米二氧化铈粒子在摩擦表面的形态等,并探讨了纳米二氧化铈粒子具有优良摩擦学性能的机制。结果表明,经表面改性的纳米二氧化铈在润滑油中具有良好的分散、稳定性;纳米二氧化铈粒子的添加量为0.6%(质量分数)左右时,润滑油在室温与较高温度下均具有优良的减摩、抗磨作用。     

含纳米碳酸钙、稀土粒子润滑油的摩擦学性能

采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察、测定了纳米碳酸钙、稀土（RE）粒子形貌和粒径；制备了含不同浓度与比例的纳米碳酸钙、稀土复合粒子的润滑油，并在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了其摩擦学性能；采用扫描电子显微镜与X射线光电子能谱仪分析了磨损钢球表面的形貌、化学组成。研究结果表明，纳米碳酸钙、稀土粒子的最佳的添加量为0.6%，最佳配比为w（CaC03）：w（RE）=1：1；该润滑油具有优良的抗磨、减摩性能；其抗磨、减摩机理与纳米粒子存在形态以及摩擦化学作用有关。     

油溶性氟化镧纳米棒的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

利用超声波辅助处理,在乙醇-水体系中,以二辛基二硫代磷酸双(β-)羟乙基十八胺盐为表面修饰剂制备了表面修饰氟化镧纳米棒,通过相转移法制得油溶性纳米氟化镧添加剂.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)及热重仪(TG)表征了表面修饰氟化镧纳米棒的结构及形貌,利用离心沉降法和升温法结合研究了添加剂中纳米氟化镧在500SN基础油中的分散稳定性和高温稳定性,利用四球机考察了纳米氟化镧的摩擦学性能,并通过SEM和AES分析了钢球磨斑表面.结果表明:氟化镧纳米棒直径在4～7 nm之间,长度为20～30 nm;氟化镧纳米棒在500SN基础油中具有良好的分散稳定性,并可使基础油的最大无卡咬负荷值增加了109.61%,磨斑直径降低39.13%;AES结果表明,氟化镧沉积在磨斑表面形成一层复合膜,并且渗透入磨斑的亚表面,共同提高基础油的摩擦学性能.     

Wear and friction behaviour of CaCO3 nanoparticles used as additives in lubricating oils

For some years, reports have been published on adding solid lubricant powder to oil to improve the tribological properties of the latter, but the results have not been satisfactory. In this paper, we describe the preparation of CaCO₃ nanoparticles in a microemulsion consisting of sodium dodecyl‐sulphate (SDS)/isopentanol/cyclohexane/water, and assessment of the tribological behaviour of CaCO₃ nanoparticles as additives for lubricating oils. The CaCO₃ nanoparticles were characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their tribological performance was tested in a four‐ball machine; the rubbing surface was analysed with X‐ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS). The results indicate that the size of CaCO₃ nanoparticles increased with the concentration of aqueous reactant, and that CaCO₃ nanoparticles exhibited good load‐carrying capacity, antiwear and friction‐reducing properties. The tribological properties of lubricating oils could be improved significantly by dispersing CaCO₃ nanoparticles in 500SN base oil containing dispersants such as polyisobutene‐butanediimide (T154), calcium alkylsulphonate (T101) and methyl‐tricaprylamine chloride (aliquat 336). The improvements in friction and wear were concluded to be due to the formation of a film containing CaCO₃ and CaO in the rubbing region, and the presence of nanoparticles, which may act in the same way as ball bearings, to facilitate sliding.     

修饰ZnS纳米粒子的减摩抗磨性能研究

利用SRV摩擦磨损试验机考察了粒径约为4nm的二烷基二硫代磷酸（DDP）修饰ZnS纳米粒子作为润滑油添加剂的磨擦学性能，并采用XPS对其摩擦表面进行了研究。结果表明：添加修饰ZnS纳米粒子在摩擦过程中会发生摩擦化学反应，形成一层边界润滑膜，该膜可有效提高十四烷的减摩抗磨和承载能力。     

Preparation and tribological properties of the N‐containing heterocyclic borate esters and Cu microparticles as lubricant additives in base oil

In this paper, four kinds of N‐containing heterocyclic borate esters and polyvinyl pyrrolidone‐protected Cu microparticles were synthesised and characterised. Their tribological properties as lubricant additives in industrial white oil were evaluated using a four‐ball tribometer, and their lubrication mechanisms were investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the anti‐friction and anti‐wear performance of the base oil can be significantly improved by the addition of N‐containing borate esters and Cu microparticles, and they present synergistic tribological effect. Moreover, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed a lubricating tribochemical reaction film containing B₂O₃, FeB, FeO, Fe₂O₃ and so on is formed on the worn surface. In addition, Cu microparticles as rolling bearings, which transform sliding friction to rolling sliding and the formation of the Cu microparticles deposited film, are probably responsible for the improvement of tribological performance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

原位制备CaCO3微纳米流体及摩擦学性能研究

选用菜籽油、失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯(Span 80)、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TX-7)、正丁醇制备W/O型微乳液，并将其作为微反应器原位合成CaCO₃微纳米粒子。对CaCO₃粒子形貌的表征表明，随含水量增加，CaCO₃粒子由球形转变为梭形薄片状，CaCO₃粒子尺寸也可受含水量控制。通过四球摩擦磨损试验机评价CaCO₃微纳米流体的摩擦学性能，结果表明，该微乳液体系相较于基础油的摩擦因数降低了约55.74%,CaCO₃粒子使微乳液P_B值提高了约10.88%,摩擦面粗糙度降低了约16.01%。在摩擦过程中，胶团在表面活性剂的作用下平行吸附于摩擦面且易于剪切，实现优异的减摩效果；梭形薄片状的CaCO₃微纳米粒子可以抑制表面微凸体之间的直接接触，减少黏着磨损与磨粒磨损，从而发挥极压作用并显著改善表面质量。     

噻唑衍生物在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能研究

合成了两种噻唑衍生物，采用热重分析对其热稳定性进行了评价；利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了其在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能，并用扫描电子显微镜和x射线光电子能谱仪观察分析了磨斑表面的形貌和元素化学状态。结果表明：噻唑氨基甲酸衍生物添加剂可显著改善菜籽油的减摩抗磨性能和承载能力；含上述添加剂的菜籽油在摩擦过程中发生了摩擦化学反应，生成了含菜籽油甘油酯、有机硫化物、硫酸亚铁等组成的边界润滑膜，从而改善了菜籽油的摩擦学性能。     

添加纳米Fe3O4 润滑剂磨损性能试验研究

采用化学共沉淀发制备了纳米级铁磁流体润滑剂,利用MMW-1万能摩擦磨损试验机,测定了添加纳米Fe3O4润滑剂在不同速度、添加量和载荷下的摩擦学性能,并对减摩抗磨机制进行了研究。结果表明,添加纳米Fe3O4粒子的润滑油表现出了良好的抗磨减摩性能,并能够显著改善基础油的承载能力,最大可以提高16．5％。其减摩抗磨机制为,由于纳米微粒大多为球状,能起到类似“球轴承”的作用,从而提高润滑性能;另外,由于纳米颗粒的增粘作用,从而提高承载能力。     

Influence of hindered phenol on the tribochemistry of polysulfides in mineral oil and synthetic diester

The influence of hindered phenol on tribological properties and mechanism of polysulfides in mineral oil and synthetic diester were investigated in this paper. Four‐ball machine was employed to evaluate the anti‐wear and friction‐reducing performance of the lubrication system and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy was applied to detect the thermal and tribofilms. The tribological results indicate that when the phenol was added in trisulfide/synthetic diester system, the friction coefficient decreased. The anti‐wear performance of sulfides only depended on the concentration of sulfur in mineral oil. The results of X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure analysis indicate that sulfite can be found in thermal films by adding hindered phenol into mineral oil with trisulfide, while in other conditions, the thermal films only consist of sulfate. The results of the tribofilms show that for the trisulfide in mineral oil, hindered phenol changes the ratio of reduced and oxidised form of sulfur. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

花状与球状MoS2对PAO15润滑油摩擦学性能的影响

为改善低黏度PAO15润滑油的摩擦学性能,通过水热法制备球形与花状MoS_2颗粒,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)与扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的MoS_2颗粒进行表征。制备球形与花状MoS_2改性的PAO15油,利用四球摩擦试验机对比研究2种形貌MoS_2在不同用量条件下对PAO15油摩擦学性能的影响。采用光学显微镜、表面轮廓仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与能谱仪(EDS)对磨痕表面进行表征。结果表明:制备的球形与花状MoS_2晶型均较好地符合MoS_2的晶型,掺杂至PAO15油中均能够提升其摩擦学性能,使其摩擦因数降低;随着MoS_2颗粒添加量的增加,PAO15油摩擦学性能有所提升,在质量分数为1.0%时达到最优;花状MoS_2具有更大的比表面积,其对PAO15油抗磨损性能的提升优于球形MoS_2,形成的转移膜能够更好地起到隔离摩擦表面的作用。     

Study of the tribological performance of a rare earth naphthenate as a lubricant additive

The tribological behaviour of a rare earth naphthenate (REN) as a lubricant oil additive in VG26 white oil and the complexes of REN and organo‐sulphur or organo‐phosphate compounds have been evaluated with a four‐ball friction and wear tester. The chemical features and elemental composition of the boundary lubricating film were examined by means of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). The results show that REN exhibits good antiwear, load‐carrying, and friction‐reducing properties in the base stock. When 2.0% REN is added, the wear‐scar diameter value reduces to 54.7% of that for the base stock alone and the maximum non‐seizure load increases 2.95 times. A synergistic effect is found for the load‐carrying capability of the complex of REN and organo‐sulphur while poor compatibility is exhibited for the complex of REN and organo‐phosphate. The analytical results of AES and XPS indicate that the good performance of REN is attributable to the formation of a boundary lubricating film mainly composed of naphthenic acid, rare earth oxide, and complexes of rare earth metals, which is formed on a rubbed surface when lubricated by oil containing the REN additive.