中国专利

<正>一种表面接枝聚乙烯基胺的反渗透膜及其制备方法本发明涉及一种表面接枝聚乙烯基胺的反渗透膜及其制备方法,表面接枝改性反渗透膜是由芳香聚酰胺复合反渗透膜表面的羧基与聚乙烯基胺的伯胺基相连接;利用1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活化羧基的方法,将很高阳离子密度的亲水性聚合物聚乙烯基胺接枝到芳香聚酰胺复合反渗透膜表面。聚乙烯基胺的伯胺与膜表面的     

紫外光辐射接枝及胺化法制备温敏性聚乙烯薄膜

实验探索在水性体系中经紫外光辐射,引发丙烯酸(AAC)在聚乙烯(PE)薄膜表面接枝,并经过胺化反应,在已改性的丙烯酸-聚乙烯(AAC-g-PE)薄膜上继续引入功能团,使改性后的PE薄膜具有温度敏感性。考察了引发剂用量、紫外光照射时间对接枝率的影响,并对不同胺化剂合成产物的温敏效应进行比较,从而达到实验目的。通过红外光谱和尺寸变化率证明丙烯酸接枝在PE表面,胺化反应后,生成聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺聚合聚乙烯(PNIAAm-g-PE)薄膜和聚N-正丙基丙烯酰胺聚乙烯(NNPA-g-PE)薄膜具有温敏性。     

聚乙烯薄膜接枝改性的研究

借助超声波促进接枝反应的原理,以二甲苯作为助剂,将接枝单体丙烯酸(AAC)和引发剂与低密度聚乙烯薄膜(LDPE)进行接枝反应,对影响接枝的因素进行了研究。主要通过改变引发剂类型,引发剂用量,接枝时间和预浸泡温度来提高聚乙烯薄膜的接枝率。经红外光谱表征,证明丙烯酸(AAC)成功接枝到聚乙烯薄膜上。     

PAMAM接枝改性碳纤维表面及分子动力学模拟

采用化学法将聚酰胺-胺树枝状大分子(PAMAM)接枝在T700碳纤维(CFs)表面,对比了不同代数PAMAM分子接枝前后CFs表面的微观形貌,并对CFs/环氧微复合材料的界面剪切强度(IFSS)进行测试及材料拉脱断口处形貌观察。与未处理纤维相比,经过G1.0代PAMAM接枝处理后的复合材料IFSS值提高了30.37%。采用Materials Studio程序包,建立碳纤维、环氧树脂及两者间界面的结构模型并进行优化,通过分子动力学模拟并计算了界面相互作用能,结果表明,引入PAMAM分子会提高CFs与环氧树脂间的界面结合能,与实验结果一致。     

PAMAM树形分子在油墨废水处理中的应用研究

使用聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树形分子处理油墨废水,研究了树形分子的代数、溶液的酸度以及树形分子的加药量对色度和COD去除率的影响。研究表明,PAMAM树形分子对油墨废水具有良好的治理效果,在pH值为5.0左右,PAMAM投加量为20mg/L的条件下色度和COD去除率可分别达到98.6%和98.3%。     

LLDPE/LLDPE-g-AA共混物的接触角及红外光谱表征

利用溶融共混的方法制备了线性低密度聚乙烯/线性低密度聚乙烯接枝丙烯酸（LLDPE/LLDPE-g-AA)共混物。用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）和测定接触角的方法对不同LLDPE-g-AA含量的LLDPE/LLDPE-g-AA共混物膜的表面进行了表征。结果表明,随着共混物中LLDPE-g-AA含量的增加,水和甘油等极性液体与共混物表面的接触角下降。依据共混物的FT-IR计算了其羧基峰强度。发现极性液体与LLDPE/LLDPE-g-AA共混物膜表面的接触角越小,羧基峰强度越大。     

丙烯酸固相接枝制备高稳定性改性聚乙烯蜡微乳液

旨在对低密度聚乙烯蜡进行化学接枝改性,改善其可乳化性能,从而制备高稳定性改性聚乙烯蜡微乳液。首先以丙烯酸作为接枝单体,采用悬浮溶胀接枝法对低密度聚乙烯蜡进行化学接枝改性;然后,通过选取适当的阴离子乳化剂和非离子乳化剂的复配体系,对接枝改性的聚乙烯蜡产物进行乳化。结果表明：采用SDS和Tween80等比例复配,控制乳化温度为90～95℃,乳化剂用量为聚乙烯蜡的10%、乳化时间为30min时,采用相转变乳化法可制得高稳定性的聚乙烯蜡微乳液。采用FTIR对改性聚乙烯蜡进行了结构表征,证明了丙烯酸被成功地接枝到了聚乙烯蜡分子上,并通过DSC分析研究了其熔点和结晶情况的变化：聚乙烯蜡的熔点为102.41℃,丙烯酸接枝改性聚乙烯蜡的熔点为102.85℃;改性聚乙烯蜡与未改性的聚乙烯蜡的比结晶度为77.7%。     

荧光性聚酰胺-胺树形分子在潜指纹显现中的应用研究

本文系统研究了不同条件(树形分子代数、浓度、浸泡时间等)下荧光性聚酰胺-胺树形分子(PAMAM)水溶液作为荧光探针对锡纸、透明胶带等基底上油印潜指纹的显现效果.结果发现PAMAM树形分子可以和指纹残留物进行靶向结合.结合到指纹纹线上的该荧光性纳米材料在暗室中365 nm紫外光的激发下发出明亮的蓝色荧光,指印纹线与基底反差大、指纹易于辨认,且操作简单,试剂完全环保无污染.这些结果表明PAMAM水溶液是一种潜在的优良的指纹显现试剂.最后,把PAMAM树形分子水溶液对指纹的显现效果进行量化处理,乳突纹与基底间的灰度对比度达到90%以上.     

等离子体引发丙烯酸在LDPE薄膜表面接枝聚合的研究（Ⅱ）

利用等离子体引发的接枝反应对低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）薄膜进行表面改性处理,通过对接枝单体后LDPE薄膜表面单体接枝率的计算和表面接触角以及表面自由能的测量,系统地研究了单体浓度、反应温度、处理时间等对等离子体引发接枝反应的影响,并利用红外光谱、扫描电镜对接枝单体后薄膜表面的化学组成及表面结构进行了表征分析。     

等离子体引发丙烯酸在LDPE薄膜表面接枝聚合的研究（Ⅰ）

利用等离子体引发接枝技术对低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）薄膜进行表面改性处理,通过对接枝单体后LDPE薄膜表面单体接枝率的计算和表面接触角以及表面自由能的测量,系统地研究了反应气体、放电功率、处理时间、处理压力对等离子体引发接枝反应的影响,并利用红外光谱、扫描电镜对接枝单体后薄膜的表面化学组成及表面结构进行了表征分析。     

Surface modification of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film and improvement of adhesion between evaporated copper metal film and LDPE

To improve the interfacial adhesion between evaporated copper film and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film, the surface of LDPE films was modified by treating with chromic acid [K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂O/H₂SO₄ (4.4/7.1/88.5)]/oxygen plasma. Chromic‐acid‐etched LDPE was exposed to oxygen plasma to achieve a higher content of polar groups on the LDPE surface. We investigated the effect of the treatment time of chromic acid in the range of 1–60 min at 70°C and oxygen plasma in the range of 30–90 sec on the extent of polar groups created on the LDPE. We also investigated the surface topography of and water contact angle on the LDPE film surface, mechanical properties of the LDPE film, and adhesion strength of the evaporated copper metal film to the LDPE film surface. IR and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis revealed the introduction of polar groups on the modified LDPE film surface, which exhibited an improved contact angle and copper/LDPE adhesion. The number of polar groups and the surface roughness increased with increasing treatment time of chromic acid/plasma. Water contact angle significantly decreased with increasing treatment time of chromic acid/plasma. Combination treatment of oxygen plasma with chromic acid drastically decreased the contact angle. When the treatment times of chromic acid and oxygen plasma were greater than 10 min and 30 sec, respectively, the contact angle was below 20°. With an increasing treatment time of chromic acid, the tensile strength of the LDPE film decreased, and the film color changed after about 10 min and then became blackened after 30 min. With the scratch test, the adhesion between copper and LDPE was found to increase with an increasing treatment time of chromic acid/oxygen plasma. From these results, we found that the optimum treatment times with chromic acid and oxygen plasma were near 30 min and 30 sec, respectively. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1677–1690, 2001     

Etching of a low-density polyethylene film by fuming nitric acid

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films were treated with fuming nitric acid (FNA). The surface characteristics and also the insertion of polar groups like on the etched LDPE film surface were measured by SEM, IR and XPS analyses, respectively. The mechanical performance of a laminate of the etched film with epoxy resin and also the printability of the etched film surface were tested and compared with the unetched sample. The surface roughening and the presence of polar groups enhance the mechanical strength of the laminate of FNA-treated film due to mechanical interlocking and chemical interaction. The printability of the treated film surface is also superior to that of the untreated LDPE film surface.     

含FeDBC光敏剂的低密度聚乙烯膜紫外光氧化降解的研究

合成了N,N-二正丁基二硫代氨基甲酸铁(FeDBC)光敏剂,通过元素分析、热谱分析、红外(IR)光谱和紫外(UV)光谱表征了它的组成和性质。进而研究了FeDBC对UV光氧化低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)膜的物理性能、羰基指数和粘均分子量的影响,并探讨了FeDBC在敏化LDPE膜光氧降解方面的作用机理。结果表明,在LDPE膜中加入0.1％～0.3％FeDBC,即成可控寿命的LDPE农膜。     

Chemical modification of LDPE film

Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film was chemically modified by chromic acid treatment to generate polar groups on the surface. The film samples were etched by chromic acid with variation of temperature at a constant time (30 min) and variation of time at a constant temperature (room temperature = 26°C). The variation of weight and thickness of the film samples before and after etching was measured. The surface morphology of the etched films was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). IR and XPS analysis revealed the introduction of polar groups like  COOH, 〉CO,  SO₃H on the etched LDPE film surface, which exhibited improved printability. Etching also enhanced adhesion with epoxy resin. The mechanical properties of the laminates of the two specimens of the same film sample with epoxy resin were also measured. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1041–1048, 1999     

紫外引发含氟单体在LDPE薄膜表面的接枝改性

研究紫外光引发甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(DFHMA)在LDPE薄膜表面的接枝改性.考察辐照时间和距离,光敏剂浓度、紫外光强度对接枝率的影响.通过红外光谱分析、扫描电镜及能谱分析对接枝前后的薄膜表面进行表征,结果表明:DFHMA可以通过紫外引发接枝到LDPE等薄膜表面;并对接枝后薄膜的润湿性进行分析,结果表明:接枝含氟单体后薄膜表面能降低、润湿性减弱、接触角变大.     

Artificial ageing of low density polyethylene film containing chemically bound UV - stabilizer

This paper deals with photostabilization of low density polyethylene films (LDPE) grafted with the UV-stabilizer 2-hydroxy-4-(3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxy-propoxy) benzophenone (HMB). The influence of grafting yield and the other grafting conditions upon photostabilization efficiency of LDPE films were then studied. The chemically bound monomer (HMB) was localized mainly near the surface of an LDPE film. The grafted LDPE film was exposed to an ultraviolet radiation source, and the degree of oxidation and other photooxidative changes were determined by transmission IR and ATR IR spectroscopy. Experimental results show that radiation grafting of a UV-stabilizer upon LDPE films is an efficient photostabilization method.     

Characterization and properties of LDPE film with gallic‐acid‐based oxygen scavenging system useful as a functional packaging material

We prepared and characterized active, oxygen‐scavenging, low density polyethylene (LDPE) films from a non‐metallic‐based oxygen scavenging system (OSS) containing 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20% of gallic acid (GA) and potassium chloride (PC). We compared the surface morphology and mechanical, permeability, and optical properties of the oxygen‐scavenging LDPE film with those of pure LDPE film. The surface morphology, gas barrier, and thermal properties indicate that the OSS was well incorporated into the LDPE film structure. The surface roughness of the film increased with the amount of oxygen scavenging material. The oxygen and water vapor permeability of the developed film also increased with the amount of oxygen scavenging material, though its elongation decreased. The oxygen scavenging capability of the prepared film was analyzed at different temperatures. The initial oxygen content (%) in the vial headspace, 20.90%, decreased to 16.6% at 4 °C, 14.6% at 23 °C, and 12.7% at 50 °C after 7 days of storage with the film containing 20% OSS. The film impregnated with 20% organic oxygen scavenging material showed an effective oxygen scavenging capacity of 0.709 mL/cm² at 23 °C. Relative humidity triggered the oxygen scavenging reaction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44138.     

Investigating the effect of power/time in the wettability of Ar and O2 gas plasma-treated low-density polyethylene

Low-pressure glow discharges of Ar or O₂ gas plasmas were used to increase the wettability of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films in order to improve their adhesion properties hence making them useful in technical applications. Surface free energies of such films were estimated by the aid of contact angle measurements at different exposure power/time combinations for a series of test liquids. Additionally, plasma-treated samples were subjected to several aging processes to determine the durability of different plasma treatments. Characterization of the surface changes due to plasma treatments were carried out by means of attenuated total reflectance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) to determine the presence of polar species such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, etc. groups. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate changes in surface morphology and roughness. Considering the semi-crystalline nature of the LDPE film, XRD studies were also carried out to determine changes in the percentage of crystalinity. The results showed that all low-pressure Ar or O₂ gas plasmas improve the wettability properties of LDPE films. Contact angles decreased significantly depending on the discharge powers and exposure times. Surface morphology was also found to vary with plasma discharge powers, exposure times, and the type of gas being used. Ar gas plasmas comparatively produced superior results.     

Grafting of itaconic acid onto LDPE by the reactive extrusion: Effect of neutralizing agents

Grafting of itaconic acid (IA) onto low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) was performed by reactive extrusion where the initiator was dicumyl peroxide, and the neutralizing agents (NAs) were zinc oxides and hydroxides as well as magnesium oxides and hydroxides. The carboxyl groups were neutralized in molten LDPE directly in the course of acid grafting, and in prefabricated functionalized polyethylene (LDPE‐g‐IA). It was found that neutralizing agents introduced into the initial reaction mixture increase the yield of LDPE‐g‐IA while the carboxyl groups were neutralized partially or totally through chemical reactions. The physical structure of LDPE‐g‐IA did not in fact suffer any substantial changes. From the standpoint of neutralization activity, the NAs studied could be arranged as follows: Zn(OH)₂ > ZnO > Mg(OH)₂ > MgO. NA, added into the initial reaction mixture improved the grafting efficiency of IA onto LDPE. In case of the one‐step process (neutralization simultaneously with grafting), the neutralizing effect appears stronger than that in the two‐step process (neutralization of prepared LDPE‐g‐IA). This means that neutralization of carboxyl groups in IA was less effective when NA was introduced into LDPE‐g‐IA than for the case of the initial reactive mixture. Chemical neutralization of grafted IA results in products of improved resistance to thermal oxidation and thermal stability of melt. This result is of practical importance to the opportunities for widening the application range for PE modified by grafting IA, while preparing polymer blends to be compounded, processed, and used at elevated temperatures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 828–836, 2003