聚酰亚胺/滑石粉/碳纤维复合薄膜的界面性能研究

根据碳纤维表面性质和稀土元素独特的物理化学特性,采用稀土溶液(RES)表面改性方法对碳纤维进行表面改性处理,以改善聚酰亚胺/滑石粉/碳纤维(PI/talc/CF)复合材料的界面结合性能,从而有效地提高PI/talc/CF复合材料的力学性能。采用RES改性方法对碳纤维进行表面改性处理,制备出具有不同界面的PI/talc/CF复合材料。以PMDA-ODA型聚酰亚胺为研究对象,在制备的聚酰胺酸中加入不同量的滑石粉和不同RES浓度处理过的碳纤维这两者的混合物,通过5℃/min匀速升温工艺得到聚酰亚胺/滑石粉碳纤维复合薄膜。对制备的复合薄膜进行各种性能测试和结构表征。研究发现,经过RES处理过的碳纤维和滑石粉可以诱导聚酰亚胺分子围绕其结晶,碳纤维和聚酰亚胺之间界面结合良好。RES表面处理提高碳纤维与PI基体之间的界面结合性能,其中RES浓度为0.3wt%的改性处理方法最有效,拉伸强度提高了9.5%。     

环氧基POSS处理碳纤维对聚酰亚胺复合材料性能的影响

以均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)、间苯二胺(m-PDA)为单体制备出高黏度的聚酰胺酸(PAA),然后采用环氧基多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)并辅以2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑固化剂对碳纤维(CF)进行表面处理,再将其与已制备的PAA经载玻片涂膜高温固化制得聚酰亚胺/碳纤维(PI/CF)复合材料,通过FIIR、拉曼光谱、XRD、SEM研究了改性碳纤维对PI/CF复合材料性能的影响。研究表明:POSS的接枝改性增加了CF表面的粗糙度和无序程度,固化剂2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑的加入进一步促进了接枝过程,大量POSS接枝并固化于CF表层,使CF表层粗糙度进一步增加,进而改善了CF与PI基体的界面黏合力和相容性。拉曼光谱研究表明,改性前后CF拉曼光谱经分峰拟合得到的具体参数,涂覆改性后CF的R值有所提升,从2.57提升到2.91,以咪唑作为促进剂处理后R值提升至3.18,提升了23.7%。La值从1.71 nm降至1.38 nm。力学性能分析表明,相比接枝前的CF,接枝处理可明显提高PI/CF复合材料的力学性能,添加3%CF并以POSS涂覆处理,拉伸强度和弹性模量分别较改性前提升了11.1%和6.1%,而涂覆POSS并辅以咪唑固化促进剂改性后拉伸强度和弹性模量分别较改性前提升了24.3%和12%,但是断裂伸长率却有所下降。     

碳纤维改性POB/PTFE基超声电机耐磨涂层

利用喷涂方法制备不同配比碳纤维(CF)改性聚苯酯(POB)/聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)基超声电机定子耐磨涂层,研究CF的质量分数对POB/PTFE基复合材料涂层的硬度、附着力、摩擦学性能的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜观察涂层表面磨损形貌并讨论其磨损机理。结果表明:POB和CF均能提高PTFE基复合材料涂层的硬度及耐磨性;涂层的附着力随着CF质量分数的增加先增大后减小。在文章研究范围内,当CF质量分数为10%时,涂层的磨损率最低,且使用该摩擦材料时,超声电机的堵转力矩和空载转速均较高,电机的综合性能较优。     

碳纳米材料表面改性碳纤维及在环氧树脂中的应用

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,通过超声的方法分别制备含多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)或石墨烯纳米片(GnP)的碳纳米材料表面改性剂,采用浸渍法对预处理碳纤维(CF)(去浆CF)进行改性使碳纳米材料均匀涂覆在纤维表面上,然后采用手糊成型及热压成型工艺制备环氧树脂(EP)/改性CF复合材料,利用扫描电子显微镜和电子万能试验机分析碳纳米材料表面改性剂制备条件对CF表面形貌、复丝拉伸性能的影响,在此基础上,选择各自的最佳表面改性剂制备条件,对比了含MWCNTs或GnP的表面改性剂改性CF对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,碳纳米材料在表面改性剂中的分散状态直接影响CF表面碳纳米材料分布的均匀性和复合材料的性能。超声时间为2h的含MWCNTs表面改性剂和GnP质量分数为0.5%的含GnP表面改性剂对CF的改性效果较好,相应复丝的拉伸强度与去浆CF复丝相比分别提高了59.4%和70.2%,而相应复合材料的弯曲强度相对于EP/去浆CF复合材料分别提高了11.2%和41.1%,层间剪切强度分别提高了35.8%和71.3%。     

表面处理对CF/PA66复合材料磨损性能的影响

采用电化学氧化法和氨气法分别对碳纤维(CF)进行表面处理后,用双螺杆挤出机共混造粒和注塑成型制备CF/PA66复合材料,研究了表面处理对CF/PA66复合材料磨损性能的影向。结果表明:随着CF含量的增加,CF/PA66复合材料的耐磨损性能提高;对CF进行表面处理,可提高CF/PA66复合材料的耐磨损性能,氨气法得到的CF/PA66复合材料的耐磨损性能优于电化学氧化法,当添加CF质量分数为15%时,其体积磨损速率比电化学氧化法的约降低48%。     

PPS/PAI/CF复合材料摩擦磨损性能的研究

采用模压成型法制备了聚苯硫醚(PPS)/聚酰胺酰亚胺(PAI)合金及其碳纤维(CF)改性复合材料。测试分析了该复合材料的力学性能,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)对其摩擦磨损表面形貌进行了观察,探讨了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能;考察了PPS/PAI合金的最优配比及CF含量对PPS/PAI/CF复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:PAI的加入改善了PPS的力学性能,当PPS/PAI质量比为40/60时,PPS/PAI合金的力学性能最优;另外,CF的加入使PPS/PAI/CF填充复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损量大幅度下降,其中,当CF含量为30%时,PPS/PAI/CF填充复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损量较未填充PPS/PAI分别下降了66%和90%。     

微胶囊改性对不饱和聚酯自修复复合材料界面相容性的影响

采用硅烷偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧硅烷(KH-151)与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)分别对自修复微胶囊(MUF)进行表面处理改性得到MUF_1和MUF_2,并用KH-570对微胶囊进行接枝改性得到MUF_3,比较了改性剂种类、改性温度和改性方法对微胶囊结构及性能的影响,随后通过OM、SEM、FTIR、XPS、TGA等对MUF的形貌、结构及热性能进行了表征。将改性MUF应用于不饱和聚酯/碳纤维(UP/CF)复合材料中,研究了改性剂种类、改性温度及改性方法对微胶囊与树脂基体界面相容性的影响,并通过FTIR、TGA及力学性能测试考察了复合材料的结构及性能。结果表明:于60℃表面处理改性得到的MUF_1和MUF_2形状规则、表面粗糙;且接枝改性的效果优于表面处理改性。此外,对MUF进行改性可以提高MUF与UP基体之间的界面结合力。几种UP/CF/MUF复合材料中,UP/CF/MUF_3复合材料的综合力学性能最佳,与UP/CF/未改性MUF复合材料相比,其拉伸强度提高了124.5%,冲击强度提高了6.5%,弹性模量降低了20.4%,断裂伸长率降低了3.8%,自修复效率可达70.77%。     

短纤维增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料的性能研究

通过短切碳纤维(CF)与热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)共混改性制得一系列不同CF质量分数(含量)、不同方法处理CF的碳纤维/TPU复合材料。重点研究了不同CF质量分数和不同表面处理方法对碳纤维/TPU复合材料的微观形态、物理机械性能、热性能和动态力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着CF质量分数的提高,复合材料的杨氏模量和压缩模量逐渐提高,当CF质量分数为25%时,拉伸强度出现最大值。热性能和动态性能也均以CF质量分数为25%时最佳。各种表面处理中以胺基硅烷KH5501处理CF对CF/TPU复合材料的机械性能和热稳定性改善效果明显;而TCA-K44和浓硝酸氧化刻蚀CF/TPU复合材料则表现出较好的韧性和弹性。SEM分析结果表明,TPU与CF间具有很好的粘接。     

酸化石墨烯改性环氧树脂及其碳纤维复合材料力学性能研究

针对石墨烯在复合材料增强增韧上的应用,对石墨烯进行了酸化处理,采用超声分散方法制备酸化石墨烯/环氧树脂(EP)浇注体,并在此基础上制备了酸化石墨烯/碳纤维(CF)/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料。分别利用红外光谱和透射电镜表征了酸化石墨烯表面结构和微观形貌,利用拉伸、弯曲、冲击等机械测试手段评价了酸化石墨烯改性EP和CF-EP的力学性能,并利用扫描电镜对复合材料拉伸断面形貌进行观察。试验结果表明:石墨烯酸化处理后,成功在表面引入了羟基、羧基等极性基团;酸化石墨烯可对EP和CF/EP进行有效增强增韧,当其添加量为0.2wt%时,EP拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了23.3%和109.8%,CF/EP拉伸强度、弯曲强度分别提高了6.0%和10.6%,当酸化石墨烯添加量为0.5wt%时,CF/EP复合材料层间剪切强度提高了7.4%。微观形貌分析表明,酸化石墨烯对CF/EP增强改性主要是通过对EP进行增强增韧,同时提高CF和EP之间的界面性能来实现的。     

含碳纳米管上浆剂改性碳纤维及其复合材料的研究

利用上浆法和含多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)的上浆剂对碳纤维(CF)进行表面改性,采用手糊成型和热压成型工艺制备CF复合材料,借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子万能试验机研究MWCNT对CF表面形貌及复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,MWCNT在上浆剂中的分散状态会直接影响MWCNT在CF表面分布的均匀性、对CF的改性效果及CF复合材料的力学性能。质量分数为0. 5%MWCNT上浆剂对CF的改性效果较好,经0. 5%MWCNT上浆剂改性CF复丝的拉伸强度与去浆CF相比提高了70. 8%,改性CF复合材料的弯曲强度和层间剪切强度与去浆CF复合材料相比分别提高了42. 8%和72. 9%。     

The Effect of Silane Surface Treatment of Carbon Fiber on the Tribological Properties of Bismaleimide(BMI) Composite

Silane surface modification method was used for the surface treatment of carbon fiber to improve the interfacial adhesion of the carbon fiber reinforced bismaleimide(BMI) composite. The surface characteristics of untreated and treated carbon fiber were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscope. The friction and wear properties of the BMI composites filled with differently surface treated carbon fibers(20 vol%), were investigated on a ring-on-block tribometer. Experimental results revealed that silane treatment largely reduced the friction and wear of CF/BMI composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) of worn surfaces of BMI composites showed that surface treated CF/BMI composite had the strongest interfacial adhesion.     

高压气体压缩机阀片用材料的研究

根据气体压缩机阀片的要求,制备了碳纤维(CF)和二硫化钼(MoS2)填充热塑性聚酰亚胺(PI)复合材料;研究了不同组成材料的力学性能、摩擦性能,考察了载荷对材料摩擦性能的影响,观察了材料磨损面形貌,并对磨损面进行了元素分析。结果表明：通过填充碳纤维,可以有效增强聚酰亚胺材料的强度;填充MoS2后,材料的力学性能有所下降,但可有效提高材料的极限PV值;随载荷增加,材料的磨损率及摩擦系数都不断减小;该材料适于作高压气体压缩机构件。     

The Friction and Wear Properties of ECP Surface-Treated Kevlar Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polymide Composites

Epoxy chloropropane (ECP) grafting modification method was used for the surface treatment of Kevlar fiber to improve the interfacial adhesion of the Kevlar fiber-reinforced polyimide (PI) composite. The surface characteristics of untreated and treated Kevlar fiber were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscope. The friction and wear properties of the polyimide (PI) composites filled with differently surface treated Kevlar fibers (20 vol%), sliding against GCr15 steel, were investigated on a ball-on-block reciprocating UMT-2MT tribometer. Experimental results revealed that ECP treatment largely reduced the friction and wear of Kevlar/PI composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation of worn surfaces of PI composites showed that ECP treated Kevlar/PI composite had the strongest interfacial adhesion and the smoothest worn surface under given load and reciprocating sliding frequency.     

Improved tribological properties of polyimide composites by micro–nano reinforcement

The hydroxylate carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grafted by chemical method on the surface of the oxidized carbon fibers (CF) to improve the mechanical and tribological properties of polyimide (PI). The microstructure and fracture surface of the polyimide composites indicated that CF–CNTs hybrid as a multiscale reinforcement can distribute into the PI matrix homogeneously. Tribo-tests further showed that CF–CNTs hybrid had a better effect on hardness increment, impact strength enhancement, friction reduction, and wear resistance. Compared to the neat PI, the friction coefficient and wear rate of CF–CNTs/PI composite deceased by 23.2 and 55.9%, respectively. In particular, the loading capacity and high speed resistance of CF–CNTs/PI composite were greatly improved. The corresponding wear mechanisms were also discussed by observing the worn surface of the PI composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47900.     

磷石膏晶须表面改性及其在PP中初步应用

采用硅烷偶联剂KH570对磷石膏晶须进行超声波表面改性。考察了改性时间、改性温度、改性剂用量等条件对磷石膏晶须的表面改性影响。并分析了KH570对磷石膏晶须改性作用机理。结果表明:当KH570的用量为磷石膏晶须质量的5%,改性时间为80 min,改性温度在50℃时,获得最佳的改性效果。由红外光谱分析可知磷石膏晶须表面羟基与KH570发生了化学键的作用。改性的磷石膏晶须/PP复合材料的相容性较好,复合材料力学性能较纯PP材料有所提高。     

滑石粉表面改性填充PP复合体系研究

采用钛酸酯、铝酸酯、硼酸酯及硅烷偶联剂,对滑石粉进行表面改性处理,通过接触角、活化率、吸油量和红外谱图等试验方法对改性效果进行了评定;检测滑石粉填充PP复合体系的力学性能,进一步说明了偶联剂种类和填料粒径对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:活化改性后,填料表面的极性和官能团均发生了变化;硅烷和钛酸酯偶联剂改性滑石粉效果较好,1250目滑石粉填充体系的综合力学性能最优。     

偶联剂对 PPS/PA66/T-ZnOw 复合材料力学性能的影响

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-560和钛酸酯偶联剂TM-38S对四针状氧化锌晶须(T-ZnOw)进行表面改性,制备了相应的聚苯硫醚(PPS)尼/龙(PA)66/T-ZnOw复合材料,研究了两种偶联剂及其复合体系对T-ZnOw表面改性效果和相应复合材料力学性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的断面形态进行了观察。结果表明,钛酸酯偶联剂TM-38S对T-ZnOw的表面改性效果要优于硅烷偶联剂KH-560;两种偶联剂均提高了复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度,但对复合材料的弯曲强度影响不大。其中TM-38S改性T-ZnOw与PPS/PA66复合后所得材料的力学性能优于KH-560改性T-ZnOw的材料。两种偶联剂的复合体系虽然可以弥补KH-560副反应对T-ZnOw表面改性的不利影响,但对改善复合材料力学性能的协同作用不明显。     

氧化锌晶须表面改性及表征

采用湿法表面化学改性法，用硅烷和钛酸酯偶联剂对氧化锌晶须(ZnOw)进行了表面改性；考察了溶剂、pH值、温度及分散时间对硅烷类偶联剂改性效果的影响，采用活化指数、接触角以及傅立叶变换红外光谱对改性结果作了表征。同时将改性后的ZnOw填充到线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)中，测试了复合材料的机械性能。实验结果表明，硅烷和钛酸酯偶联剂均能用于ZnOw的表面改性，其最佳改性条件不同，获得最佳改性效果的偶联剂用量也不同。经ND-42改性的ZnOw填充到LLDPE中，复合材料的弯曲强度大幅度提高。     

Effect of surface treatment on the tribological performance of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyimide composites

The effect of rare earth solution (RES) surface treatment of carbon fibers (CFs) on the tensile strength and tribological properties of CF‐reinforced polyimide (CF/PI) composite was investigated. Experimental results revealed that the tensile strength of RES‐treated CFs reinforced PI composite was improved by about 19% compared with that of untreated composite, while 7% improvement was achieved by air oxidation. Compared with the untreated and air‐oxidated CF/PI composite, the RES‐treated composite had the lowest friction coefficient and specific wear rate under given applied load and reciprocating sliding frequency. RES treatment effectively improved the interfacial adhesion between CFs and PI. The strong interfacial adhesion of the composite made CFs not easy to detach from the PI matrix and prevented the rubbing‐off of PI, and accordingly improved the friction and wear properties of the composite. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of adding different silane coupling agents on metal friction and wear in mixing process

The function of silane coupling agent in rubber mixing field is to combine inorganic matrix with rubber organic matrix. Silica is commonly used in the rubber mixing field to strengthen rubber. The size and amount of silica aggregates in the mixing process are important factors affecting the wear of the mixing chamber. The wear of the mixing chamber would lead to a increasing gap between the mixer chamber and the rotor, which caused the mixing efficiency reducing. It also affected the dispersion effect, then affected the mechanical and physical properties of the vulcanized rubber. In this paper, the effects of rubber compound on metal friction and wear were studied by using four silane coupling agents commonly used in rubber mixing field. The experiment was carried out at 15°C, and the attention should be paid to drying during sample preparation to avoid the deviation of the experiment caused by hydrolysis of silane coupling agent. The results showed that silanization reaction occured between silica and silane coupling agent in the mixing process. The mixing temperature was usually maintained at 145 to 155°C for 1 min in the mixer, and the silanization reaction rate was the fastest during this time. We took this rubber compound as the research object and studied the friction and wear of the rubber compound on the mixing chamber in the mixing process. The products of the silylation reaction are alcohol and water. This paper studies the corrosion and abrasion of the mixing chamber by water at high temperatures. In the mixing process, abrasive wear was the main wear form, but the corrosion wear caused by high temperature steam still occupied a large proportion.