薄包层长周期光纤光栅的折射率传感特性

长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)可用于折射率传感,同时利用折射变化可以实现谐振波长的调谐.不同的光纤包层半径和光栅周期对折射率灵敏度有较大影响.利用光波导的耦合模理论分析了LPFG的折射率传感特性,给出LPFG的折射率灵敏度的解析表达式,给出了利用不同包层模时的折射率灵敏度.利用三层介质光纤的纤芯模本征方程计算了薄包层LPFG的折射率灵敏度.结果表明,基于不同包层模的LPFG的谐振波长随折射率的变化有红移,也有兰移;基于低阶模序包层模的LPFG,折射率灵敏度较小,中间模序最大,而高阶模序则较大,薄包层LPFG对折射率具有更大的灵敏度.     

微纳米高折射率涂敷层对长周期光纤光栅传输谱特性的影响

基于模式耦合理论,通过求解给定参数的覆盖高折射率微纳米涂敷层长周期光纤光栅( LPFG)的频谱,分析了四层模型LPFG中微纳米高折射率涂敷层对其传输谱特性的影响。研究结果表明：通过设计涂覆层厚度、涂覆层折射率变化范围以及LPFG包层厚度等参数,包层模将进入高折射率微纳米涂敷层中进行传输,在LPFG传输谱出现模式迁移现象;随着涂覆层折射率的增大,谐振峰波长向短波长方向漂移;LPFG包层半径越小,谐振峰波长对涂覆层折射率变化的响应灵明度越高。     

镀膜长周期光纤光栅透射谱研究

基于三包层长周期光纤光栅的耦合模型,研究了镀膜长周期光纤光栅的光栅参数和膜层厚度对长周期光纤光栅谐振波长的影响。研究发现,当长周期光纤光栅的纤芯半径、折射率和周期增大时,谐振波向长波方向漂移;当长周期光纤光栅的包层半径和折射率增大时,谐振波向短波方向漂移。不同折射率的膜层介质其所对应的最优厚度(Optimum Overlay Thickness,OOT)不同,薄膜介质的折射率越高,对应的最优厚度越小,敏感区域范围也较窄;不同包层模式对应的最优厚度具体位置区别不大,较高阶次包层模对应的谐振波长在敏感区域范围内漂移量较大。     

PCF色散系数与场分布的近似特性分析

本文基于等效折射率模型将光子晶体光纤等效为传统阶跃光纤,通过对微结构中基模的本征方程的求解,得到了包层有效折射率、归一化频率、群速度色散系数以及电场分布等特性与波长的关系,并分别讨论了光子晶体光纤孔间距固定和孔半径固定的情况下对光纤特性的影响,分析表明,通过改变光子晶体光纤的结构参数可以适当地调整光纤的特性,从而对不同的应用场合下光子晶体光纤的定性设计提供了一定的理论依据。     

折射率型光纤液位传感器的研制

石油化工企业中常见的油水两相介质中油的折射率为1.48～1.50,而水的折射率为1.33,选用折射率≤1.48的光纤芯径,根据光纤的传输功率随外界介质折射率的变化而变化这一特性,研制成折射率调制光纤油水界面监控仪,用于石油化工企业中,有效安全地解决了油水分离器中水的监控排放问题,提高了生产自动化水平和经济效益。本系统灵敏可靠、现场不带电、本质安全、生产使用中免于维护、实用性强。     

基于长周期光纤光栅的高灵敏度温度传感方案

长周期光纤光栅具有波长选择损耗的带阻滤波特性 .其谐振波长随光纤包层直径的减小而向长波方向漂移 .环境温度、外部折射率指数的变化会导致谐振波长位移 .由此提出一种敏感度增强的温度传感方案 .推导了长周期光纤光栅谐振波长与温度之间的关系模型 .在光纤纤芯中写入长周期光纤光栅 ,通过腐蚀方法减小其包层直径 ,随后在光栅外再涂覆聚合物包层 .用此器件测量所得温度传感特性 ,其实验结果与仿真结果基本一致。其温度灵敏度超过 5 .2 nm/℃ .     

毛细石英管构成的温度不敏感的折射率传感器

设计并制作了一种基于单模光纤－石英毛细管－单模光纤的马赫－曾德尔干涉仪光纤传感器。该传感器对环境折射率敏感,但对环境温度不敏感,传感器的石英毛细管长度为3cm,内径为2μｍ,外径为150μｍ,毛细管壁由高纯熔融石英构成,根据传感器透射光谱的谐振峰(波谷)波长对环境折射率变化敏感的特点,通过监测谐振峰波长的移动,测量了环境折射 率。实验结果表明:当谐振峰波长为1555nm时,折射率最大灵敏度为122.3nm/RIU(RIU为折射率单位),而温度灵敏度很低,说明该传感器可以消除温度对折射率的交叉敏感性,该传感器具有制作简单、结构紧凑、成本低、重复性好、灵敏度高等优点,在环境折射率测量中具有一定的应用前景。     

基于I型谐振结构的太赫兹超材料吸收体传感器研究

基于“Ｉ”型谐振结构的太赫兹超材料吸波器可在0.523THz处产生吸收率为99.5%,谐振峰半高宽为14GHz,品质因数为37的极窄吸收峰,具有较强的频率选择性。在待测分析物厚度为8μｍ,折射率范围为1.0~ 1.8的情况下,该太赫兹超材料吸波器的折射率灵敏度为80.7GHz/RIU,可作为高灵敏度的折射率传感器实现对待测分析物的检测,对谐振单元表面覆盖不同待测分析物情况下的电磁场分布进行仿真分析,揭示了折射率传感器的传感机理。 此外,仿真研究了待测分析物厚度对该超材料吸收体传感器谐振频率及折射率灵敏度的影响。基于“Ｉ”型谐振结构的太赫兹超材料吸波器具有结构简单、品质 因数高、折射率灵敏度高等特点,在无标记的高灵敏度生物医学传感中具有潜在的应用前景。     

基于保偏光纤马赫曾德干涉结合布拉格光纤光栅的折射率传感器

为了能同时测量折射率和温度,提出了一种基于保偏光纤马赫曾德干涉仪结合布拉格光纤光栅的折射率传感器。保偏光纤在两个单模光纤之间通过错位熔接形成马赫曾德干涉仪,布拉格光纤光栅连接在马赫曾德干涉仪的输出端用作温度补偿。实验结果表明保偏光纤快轴和慢轴两个正交模式的干涉谱随着折射率的变化而变化,当折射率范围在1.3426到1.3692时,快轴和慢轴方向上的灵敏度分别为-118.38 nm/RIU和-80.02 nm/RIU。当折射率在1.3692到1.4191时,快轴和慢轴方向上的灵敏度分别为48.3 nm/RIU和25.75 nm/RIU。同时通过测量布拉格光纤光栅谐振波长的偏移量,折射率和温度能被同时测量。     

采用拍频检测的内嵌型微环传感器研究

提出了一种内嵌型微环传感结构。利用内嵌型结构产生的高Q值滤波峰,采用拍频检测技术,可以实现高灵敏度传感器。采用传输矩阵法分析了内嵌微环半径对滤波峰位置及相邻滤波峰之间关系的影响。内嵌微环的滤波峰产生了分裂,其波长间距很小,且随折射率变化波长间距也会变化。利用该器件构建了拍频检测系统,并对该器件进行传感分析。仿真结果表明,该结构的传感灵敏度为1×10-4折射率单位(RIU),其频率偏移为4 MHz/1×10-4RIU。     

Dynamic flying characteristics of an air bearing slider over a disk with grooves and distribution of material properties

Bit-patterned media (BPM) consisting of land parts for read/writing and grooves, which are almost filled with non-magnetic materials to prevent magnetic interference between recording bits, are considered to be promising media for achieving ultrahigh density recording. A flying head slider flying over a BPM disk suffers from variations in both the spacing and van der Waals (vdW) attractive forces, which induce slider vibrations and spacing fluctuations. In the present study, we considered that BPM disks not only have a groove depth distribution, but that they also have a distribution of material properties (e.g., refractive index), which gives rise to a distribution in the vdW force. In the dynamic responses of sliders with small groove depths and a small variation in the refractive index, spacing fluctuations are found to be a superposition of fluctuations due to slider behaviors (1) over a disk with transverse grooves in a uniform material with a uniform refractive index (Case 1) and (2) over a flat disk with a refractive index distribution (Case 2). When the effects of Cases 1 and 2 cancel each other, the spacing fluctuations for the two cases cancel each other, reducing the total spacing fluctuation.     

测量液体折射率与浓度的光纤光栅传感器

基于长周期光纤光栅的耦合模理论,从简化的三层光纤模型出发,研究了外界环境折射率变化时长周期光纤光栅传输谱的变化,并对氯化钠溶液的浓度和折射率进行了验证。实验结果发现,长周期光纤光栅的谐振波长与氯化钠浓度的变化近似成线性关系,而与折射率成二次曲线关系,这与数值模拟的结果一致。采用长周期光纤光栅测量液体的浓度和折射率的方法结构简单,且传感信号属于波长解调,避免了光强波动及光纤损耗的影响,整个传感系统全光纤化,能够实现对环境介质的在线、实时、快速、精确测量,还可用于特殊测量场合,实现远程遥测功能。     

Simulation and design of MIM nanoresonators for color filter applications

We simulated metal–insulator–metal (MIM) nanoresonator structures that can be realized by sandwiching an insulator layer between two metal grating layers with subwavelength periods and heights. Simulation results indicate that it is possible to use relatively low refractive index polymeric materials as the insulator layer and such MIM structures can function as color filters with reasonably narrow bandwidths in transmission mode. Such color filters being superior in performance might find application in liquid crystal display devices replacing the conventional color filters. Simulations suggest that development of plasmonic modes at the metal–insulator interfaces might be responsible for the filter‐like transmission behavior of such structures. The transmission peaks can be tuned by changing the heights of the two grating layers and the refractive index of the insulator layer. Transmission peak is red‐shifted as insulator layer refractive index increases. Simulations were carried out using a home‐grown, monochromatic version of recursive convolution finite‐difference time‐domain method.     

Sensitivity of guided mode resonance filter-based biosensor in visible and near infrared ranges

The sensitivity of guided mode resonance filter (GMRF) biosensors was analyzed when the initial peak wavelength (IPW) changed from 400 to 1600 nm. The sensitivity of the GMRF to the sample refractive index and thickness was analyzed using rigorous coupled wave analysis method. Results indicate that for a certain IPW, the sensitivity of the GMRF did not change when the sample refractive index varied, but drastically decreased and achieved constant sensitivity with increased sample thickness. When the IPW increased, the sensitivity improved in relation to both sample refractive index and sample thickness. Furthermore, the capability of sample thickness improved with longer IPW. These results are helpful in obtaining an optimal GMRF biosensor.     

Light‐scattering liquid‐crystal composites with reduced off‐axis haze

Abstract— The majority of liquid‐crystal (LC) composites operating in a light‐scattering mode suffer from scattering of the obliquely incident light in the field on‐state (off‐axis haze effect). This is evident in the angularly selective viewing‐angle characteristic with a maximal transmittance corresponding to the normally incident light. We consider methods to control the viewing‐angle characteristic of polymer‐dispersed LC (PDLC) and filled LC. For PDLC samples, this control is realized by modification of the refractive index of the polymer matrix with highly refractive nanoparticles (NP) having a low rate of aggregation in the polymer. By proper optimization of NP concentration, one can bring the refractive index of the polymer matrix in the range needed to reduce the haze problem. In filled LC, the viewing‐angle curve depends on the refractive‐index mismatch between the LC and NP. By optimization of this parameter, one can flatten the angular characteristic or obtain selectable viewing angles in the desirable range. These results allow for the construction of optical shutters and a scattering‐type LCD with controllable viewing‐angle characteristics, particularly with low off‐axis haze.     

镀有SiO2-WO3纳米复合薄膜LPFG气体传感特性研究

以钨粉和正硅酸乙酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺和浸渍提拉镀膜方法,在玻璃衬底上制备出了具有气敏传感特性的SiO2-WO3纳米复合薄膜.采用原子力显微镜和X射线衍射仪表征了薄膜样品的表面形貌和物相结构.实验结果表明:掺杂SiO2使WO3薄膜中的颗粒尺寸减小,空隙率提高,比表面积增大.将SiO2-WO3复合薄膜镀于长周期光纤光栅上(LPFG),在室温条件下,将LPFG置于体积分数为2%的NO气体中,LPFG谐振峰红移了4.77 nm,损耗由-9.93 dB变为-8.53 dB,相应的气体传感灵敏度达到3%,元件响应时间10 s,恢复时间20 s.     

基于长周期光纤光栅的生物传感器设计及仿真

利用生物活性物质高效、专一的催化特性,通过生化反应中生成的复合物对包层折射率和半径的直接调制,提出了基于长周期光纤光栅的、可用于蛋白质等生物物质鉴别与分析的传感方案,并用数值计算方法对检测中所生成复合物薄膜层的折射率和厚度变化对耦合波长偏移和衰减的影响进行了仿真研究,为新型高灵敏度生物传感器的研发提供了理论依据。     

Searching for optimal sensitivity of single-mode D-type optical fiber sensor in the phase measurement

To improve the sensitivity of a single-mode D-type optical fiber sensor, we selected a D-type optical fiber sensor with 4 mm long and 4 μm core thickness made of a single-mode fiber, a Au-coating on the sensor with a thickness range of 15–32 nm, a light wavelength of 632.8 nm, and an incident angle of 86.5–89.5° for different refractive index (1.33–1.40) sensing. These simulations are based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) theory using the phase method which shows that the sensitivity is proportional to the refractive index, Au film thickness and lower incident angle on the sensing interface. The sensitivity is higher than 4000 (degree/RIU), and the resolution is better than 2.5 × 10⁻⁶(RIU) as the minimum phase variation is 0.01°. This device is used to detect the refractive index or gas or liquid concentration in real-time. The proposed sensor is small, simple, inexpensive, and provides an in vivo test.