铂修饰TiO_2柱撑膨润土光催化还原含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的研究

采用光沉积法制备了铂修饰TiO2柱撑膨润土光催化剂,并将其应用于含Cr(Ⅵ)废水降解还原的光催化反应。研究了废水的pH值、Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度、有机物等因素对含铬废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率的影响。结果表明,Pt-TiO2-bentonite用量为6 g/L,废水初始pH为3.0,初始浓度为0.48 mmol/L的Cr(Ⅵ)离子,经12 W紫外灯照射反应75 min,即能达到国家排放标准,Cr(Ⅵ)的光催化还原符合L-H动力学规律,并且该复合光催化剂具有良好的沉降性能和较好的重复使用性能。     

可见光下TiO2还原Cr(Ⅵ)光催化反应研究

Cr(Ⅵ)是一种对生态环境和人类健康有极大危害的重金属离子,为研究可见光下TiO2还原Cr(Ⅵ)的光催化反应,首先使用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2光催化剂,并对其结构进行表征;然后在可见光下研究其还原Cr(Ⅵ)光催化反应;最后分析光催化反应机理及反应动力学.结果表明,制备的TiO2为锐钛矿,直径约为400～500nm,禁带...     

豆芽模板合成TiO2材料及其光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的性能研究

以廉价易得的豆芽为模板,通过将豆芽简单浸泡在钛前驱液中制备得到了保留豆芽形貌的多孔TiO₂材料,通过XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、SEM、TEM、XPS、UV-vis和荧光光谱进行表征,并对其紫外光下光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的性能进行探究。结果表明,在以甲酸为空穴牺牲剂的条件下,以豆芽茎为模板的TiO₂(BSS-TiO₂)效果最佳,光催化还原率为60 min达到100%,比无模板TiO₂的光催化活性提高了22%,且该材料表现出较好的稳定性。     

TiO2-X纳米片的制备及其光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

随着经济的发展,能源短缺和环境污染问题日益严重,就目前来说,光催化技术是解决这些问题的最好途径.由于TiO2仅能利用太阳光中4％的紫外光,故需要对其进行改性.本实验通过水热法合成含有氧缺陷的二氧化钛多孔纳米片和锐钛矿相的二氧化钛纳米片,采用SEM,XRD,XPS等一系列表征手段,研究了TiO2-X材料的形貌,晶相结构,...     

电沉积ZnO薄膜光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)

采用电沉积法在导电玻璃上制备了ZnO薄膜,用X-射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对其进行了表征.研究了各种因素对电沉积ZnO薄膜光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的影响.结果表明,空穴清除剂的存在是光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的重要条件;酸性介质中,Cr(Ⅵ)光催化还原率最高;Cr(Ⅵ)光催化还原率随Cr(Ⅵ)浓度的减小而增加;NO3 、SO42-和Ni2+等共存离子明显抑制了Cr(Ⅵ)的还原;而Cu2+则有着显著的促进作用.在pH=4.0和c(柠檬酸)为1.2mmol/L的条件下,经过60min的反应后,0.1mmol/LCr(Ⅵ)在ZnO薄膜上的光催化还原率达到96%.     

ZrO_2纳米管光催化还原处理含铬废水中Cr(Ⅵ)

以具宽禁带的阳极氧化ZrO_2纳米管为光催化剂,甲醇为空穴捕获剂,紫外光照下利用ZrO_2纳米管光生电子强还原性将含铬废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)还原并固载于其表面实现铬一步完全移除,废水中Cr(Ⅵ)在80 min内去除率可达99.4%,反应为一级反应;相关表征证实,Cr(Ⅵ)被还原为Cr(0)和Cr(III)沉积于ZrO_2表面,所得产品便于后续处理。     

混合硫酸盐还原菌群还原Cr(Ⅵ)的初步研究

利用驯化后的耐受Cr(Ⅵ)的混合硫酸盐还原菌群处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水,探讨了pH值、培养温度等对Cr(Ⅵ)去除率的影响。结果表明,当Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为50 mg·L-1、pH值为7.0、培养温度为36℃、培养时间为36 h时,该混合菌群对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达到最高,为97.6％。该混合菌群能适应较宽的pH值和温度范围且处理...     

TiO_2纳米管在不同条件光催化降解的活性研究

本文利用阳极氧化法在纯钛片表面制备了TiO2纳米管阵列膜,解决TiO2光催化剂的涂敷固定问题。采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和XRD对制备TiO2纳米管阵列膜的形貌和晶体结构进行表征。结果发现,所制得的纳米管管径70～80nm,壁厚5～10nm,XRD显示经420℃热处理的TiO2纳米管为锐钛矿晶型,经500℃热处理的TiO2纳米管出现金红石晶型。以10mg·L-1的甲基橙溶液为降解物进行光催化试验,分别研究了溶液的初始pH值、TiO2纳米管阵列膜的晶型、TiO2膜的使用次数对降解率的影响。试验结果表明,当溶液初始pH值为1时,TiO2纳米管阵列的光催化性能最好,同时随着TiO2膜使用次数的增加,其光催化效果有所下降。     

温度对TiO_2纳米管光催化性能的影响

采用阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管阵列,对其结构进行了XRD、TEM表征,并研究了温度对TiO2纳米管光催化性能的影响及作用机理。结果表明,在40~240℃,TiO2纳米管光催化降解苯的性能随温度的升高先提高后降低,在200℃时达到最高。升高温度导致TiO2纳米管表面水分子脱附,为苯的催化降解提供了更多的反应位,这是升温提高TiO2纳米管光催化性能的主要作用机制。     

H2O2、金属离子等对Cr（Ⅵ）离子光催化还原及对敌敌畏农药光催化氧化的影响

以Cr(Ⅵ）离子、敌敌畏农药作为污染物的代表，研究了H2O2、金属离子等对Cr(Ⅵ）离子光催化还原及对敌敌畏农药光催化氧化的影响。结果表明，加入少量的H2O2对Cr(Ⅵ）离子的光催化还原起阻碍作用，对敌敌畏农药的光催化氧化起促进作用；加入少量的Cu^2 对Cr(Ⅵ）离子光催化还原及对敌敌畏农药的光催化氧化均起促进作用；加入Zn^2 ,Na^ 对Cr(Ⅵ）离子及敌敌畏农药的光催化降解均无明显的影响；加入甲醇、甲苯对Cr(Ⅵ）离子的光催化还原起促进作用，对敌敌畏农药的光催化氧化起阻碍作用。探讨了H2O2、金属离子等对Cr(Ⅵ）离子光催化还原及对敌敌畏农药光催化氧化影响的机理。     

Studies of adsorption behavior of crosslinked chitosan for Cr(VI), Se(VI)

In this work, it was found that crosslinked chitosan (CCTS) had strong adsorption ability for some anions under certain conditions. Cr(VI) and Se(VI) existed in anion forms in aqueous solution, and their adsorption rates by CCTS were 97% for Cr(VI) at pH 3.0 and 95% for Se(VI) at pH 4.0. In addition, the adsorption balance time and isotherm of CCTS for Cr(VI) and Se (VI) were discussed and adsorption mechanism was explained. This research will be useful for designing CCTS‐based adsorption for metallic toxin removal and preconcentrating Cr(VI) and Se(VI) in their trace analysis. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 3216–3219, 2000     

Adsorption of Cr (VI) Oxyanions onto Modified Wood Pulp

A new adsorbent was prepared from wood pulp (WP) after reaction with epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine in the presence of pyridine and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The adsorption of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions by the so-prepared wood pulp adsorbent (WP-A) was investigated. Various factors affecting adsorption, such as pH, adsorbent concentration (1–5 g/L), agitation time (5–60 min), and Cr (VI) concentration (50–700), were taken into consideration. The adsorption of Cr (VI) onto (WP-A) was found to be pH-dependent and maximum adsorption was obtained at pH 3. The adsorption data obeyed Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Q_max) was found to be 588.24 mg/g. Freundlich constants, K_F and n, were found to be 55.03 and 2.835, respectively.     

光催化法处理含Cr(VI)废水的研究

采用P 25 TiO2作为光催化剂,研究了废水的pH值、Cr(VI)的初始浓度、气氛及有机物等因素对含铬废水中Cr(VI)去解率的影响。结果表明,在pH值为3.0时,光催化反应速率最大;反应气氛对该体系中Cr(VI)的光催化还原无明显影响;苯酚、葡萄糖等有机物的存在能有效地促进Cr(VI)的光催化还原,当加入与Cr(VI)等物质的量的苯酚或葡萄糖时,150 mL反应液[Cr(VI)浓度为0.96 mmol/L],0.15 g光催化剂,经12 W紫外灯照射反应120 m in,Cr(VI)完全被去除,相对于在反应体系中不加有机物时,Cr(VI)光催化还原效率提高了近100%;Cr(VI)的光催化还原符合L-H动力学规律。     

啤酒酵母吸附Cr（VI）的动力学及热力学研究

研究啤酒酵母对溶液中铬(VI)的吸附效果和机理,通过红外对吸附前后菌体表面特征分析,表明Cr (VI)与菌体表面基团发生配位络合反应.结果表明,在温度为35 ℃,pH=2,Cr(VI)初始浓度为20 mg/L时达到最大吸附量,最大吸附量为4.19 mg/g.酵母菌对Cr(VI)的吸附行为基本符合Langmuir方程,并且在 25,30和35 ℃条件下的理论最大吸附量qmax分别为4.472,4.533,4.702 mg/g.动力学研究表明,反应在240 min吸附基本达到平衡状态,准二级动力学模型能够更好的描述吸附过程.不同温度下的吸附热力学显示,该吸附过程为自发的吸热反应.     

Chromium electrodeposition from Cr(VI) low concentration solutions

This work presents a study of a hard chromium plating process using low concentration H₂CrO₄ baths. In particular, the effect of different values of CrO₃/H₂SO₄ ratio on coating properties such as adhesion, hardness, surface roughness, apparent density and microstructure were considered. To increase the solution conductivity, avoiding long deposition times and low throwing power typical of dilute solutions, the behaviour of various inorganic compounds was investigated. Specifically, the compounds suitable for obtaining brighter coatings with lower surface roughness values than those obtained using Fink’s solutions were Na₂SO₄ and Al₂(SO₄)₃ × 18H₂O. A bath composition was identified, with a limited use of Cr(VI) in a solution able to produce coatings with a better surface roughness than those of conventional industrial baths.     

Removal of Cr(VI) from Model Solutions by a Combined Electrocoagulation Sorption Process

The elimination of hexavalent chromium from synthetic effluents in a batch stirred electrocoagulation cell with aluminum electrodes coupled with a sorption process using red onion skin adsorbent is addressed. The effect of process variables such as medium pH and adsorbent concentration was investigated in an attempt to optimize the removal capacity. Adsorption and electrocoagulation were first considered separately, with maximum Cr(VI) removal yields of 47 % and 78 %, respectively, at pH 2. When combining the two processes, a removal of 97 % of the total Cr(VI) in a pH range of 3–6 was achieved. The almost total elimination observed for the considered pollutant demonstrated the feasibility and the synergistic effect of the coupled process.     

SnS2/TiO2 nanocomposites with enhanced visible light-driven photoreduction of aqueous Cr(VI)

SnS₂/TiO₂ nanocomposites have been synthesized via microwave assisted hydrothermal treatment of tetrabutyl titanate in the presence of SnS₂ nanoplates in the solvent of ethanol at 160 °C for 1 h. The physical and chemical properties of SnS₂/TiO₂ were studied by XRD, FESEM, EDS, TEM, XPS and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The photocatalytic activity of SnS₂/TiO₂ nanocomposites were evaluated by photoreduction of aqueous Cr(VI) under visible light (λ>420 nm) irradiation. The experimental results showed that the SnS₂/TiO₂ nanocomposites exhibited excellent reduction efficiency of Cr(VI) (~87%) than that of pure TiO₂ and SnS₂. The SnS₂/TiO₂ nanocomposites were expected to be a promising candidate as effective photocatalysts in the treatment of Cr(VI) wastewater.     

Synthesis of S-rich flower-like Fe2O3-MoS2 for Cr(VI) removal

A novel Fe₂O₃-MoS₂ nanocomposite was synthesized directly via the solvothermal method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed the as-prepared Fe₂O₃-MoS₂ had a uniform 3D blooming flower-like nanostructure with a MoS₂ substrate. The high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) confirmed the Fe₂O₃ nanostructures were well-dispersed on the surface of the layered MoS₂. The elemental mapping results revealed Fe, O, Mo and S elements coexisted in the Fe₂O₃-MoS₂ nanocomposite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results displayed an S-rich MoS₂ structure had been formed in the Fe₂O₃-MoS₂ nanocomposite. As expected, the S-rich Fe₂O₃-MoS₂ nanocomposite had better photocatalytic performance on Cr(VI) reduction than that of bare Fe₂O₃, MoS₂ and TiO₂ P25.     

Well-designed ZnIn2S4/TiO2 Z-type heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI)

ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ photocatalyst was obtained by a facile hydrothermal method. Various techniques were used to characterize the ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂, crystal structure and optical properties of ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂. Cr (Ⅵ) as highly-toxic pollutant was used as the target reduction product to evaluate the catalytic performance of ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ under visible light irradiation. According to the experiment results, the reduction rate of Cr(VI) in the presence of ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ reaches 99% within 60 min, which is much better than ZnIn₂S₄ and TiO₂, respectively. At the same time, ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ also performs good stability for reduction rate hardly changes after 5 recycling experiments.     

A Study in the Adsorption Behaviors of Cr (VI) on Crosslinked Cationic Starches

The adsorption behaviors between Cr (VI) and crosslinked cationic starch with quaternary ammonium group were investigated in various conditions. The adsorption processes are found to be dependent on the initial pH of the solution, the dose of the absorbents, initial concentration of Cr (VI), and adsorption temperature. The adsorption reaches equilibrium in a short time, and follows the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacity increases with the increasing cationic groups. The adsorption thermodynamics study shows that adsorption processes are exothermic, and lower temperature is favorable to the adsorption of Cr (VI).