An exact analytical solution for freely vibrating piezoelectric coupled circular/annular thick plates using Reddy plate theory

Based on third-order shear deformation plate theory of Reddy, the authors aim to provide an exact analytical solution for free vibration analysis of thick circular/annular plates, both upper and lower surfaces of which are in contact with a piezoelectric layer. Natural frequencies are determined by the solution of the coupled electromechanical governing equations for a combination of free, soft simply supported, hard simply supported and clamped boundary conditions at the inner and outer edges of the plate. The electrodes on each piezoelectric layer are assumed to be short-circuited. The Maxwell electrostatics equation is satisfied by adopting a half-sine distribution of the electric potential in the transverse direction of the piezoelectric layers. A comparison of the present exact natural frequencies for piezoelectric coupled circular/annular plates with different boundary conditions is made with previously published results obtained by the Mindlin plate theory and 3-D modified finite element method. The effects of plate parameters such as host thickness to radius ratios, inner to outer radius ratios and piezoelectric to host thickness ratios on the natural frequencies of laminated circular/annular plates are investigated for different combinations of boundary conditions. Results obtained by the present exact closed-form solutions can be served as benchmark data for investigators to validate their numerical and analytical methods in the future.     

Theory and examples of partial approximation in the finite element method

This paper presents theory and examples of partial approximation as a modification of the displacement method in the finite element analysis. This method requires different shape functions for different terms in the potential energy expression to curtail the processes in the standard displacement method. Explanation of the theory is given by use of a simple example for Poisson's equation. It can also be effectively utilized to give mathematical foundation to some finite element models based on physical reasonings, such as Melosh's rectangular element for plate bending and beam element approximation of circular arches.     

复合材料夹层板振动分析的精化锯齿理论和三角形板单元

基于精化锯齿理论,构造了六节点三角形协调板单元并推导了夹层板自由振动问题有限元列式。不同于已有锯齿理论,精化锯齿理论特点是面内位移不含有横向位移一阶导数,构造有限元时仅需要C0 插值函数。为验证单元性能,分析了软核夹层板自由振动问题。结果表明,该文构造的单元能准确计算软核夹层板固有频率,然而基于已有锯齿理论建立的不协调元计算结果精度较低。     

Winkler地基上变厚度圆（环）板的非对称自由振动

本文提出了Winkler地基上变厚度圆(环)板非对称自由振动的传递矩阵法.应用贝塞尔函数理论,求得等厚度圆板和环板单元非对称自由振动传递矩阵的正确公式.然后将Winkler地基上的变厚度圆(环)板划分成一系列的等厚度的圆板和环板单元,应用传递矩阵原理得到变厚度圆(环)板的整体传递矩阵公式.最后给出了一些数值结果,表明板厚和地基模量变化对固有频率的影响.     

带弹性隔板圆柱形储液罐的流-固耦合特性研究

该文研究带有环形弹性隔板的部分充液刚性圆柱罐中液体与隔板的耦合振动特性。将液体域分割成两个圆柱子域和两个圆环柱子域,利用分离变量法和叠加原理求得各子域内液体运动势函数的解。将环形薄板的湿模态用干模态展开以求解环形薄板与液体耦合振动的微分方程。对液体子域间的界面连续条件作Fourier 展开并对表面波方程作Bessel 展开,得到环形薄板与液体耦合振动的频率和对应模态。数值结果与流-固耦合专用软件ADINA 的结果进行了比较,显示出很好的一致性。     

Null-field integral equation approach for free vibration analysis of circular plates with multiple circular holes

In this paper, a semi-analytical approach for the eigenproblem of circular plates with multiple circular holes is presented. Natural frequencies and modes are determined by employing the null-field integral formulation in conjunction with degenerate kernels, tensor rotation and Fourier series. In the proposed approach, all kernel functions are expanded into degenerate (separable) forms and all boundary densities are represented by using Fourier series. By uniformly collocating points on the real boundary and taking finite terms of Fourier series, a linear algebraic system can be constructed. The direct searching approach is adopted to determine the natural frequency through the singular value decomposition (SVD). After determining the unknown Fourier coefficients, the corresponding mode shape is obtained by using the boundary integral equations for domain points. The result of the annular plate, as a special case, is compared with the analytical solution to verify the validity of the present method. For the cases of circular plates with an eccentric hole or multiple circular holes, eigensolutions obtained by the present method are compared well with those of the existing approximate analytical method or finite element method (ABAQUS). Besides, the effect of eccentricity of the hole on the natural frequency and mode is also considered. Moreover, the inherent problem of spurious eigenvalue using the integral formulation is investigated and the SVD updating technique is adopted to suppress the occurrence of spurious eigenvalues. Excellent accuracy, fast rate of convergence and high computational efficiency are the main features of the present method thanks to the semi-analytical procedure.     

An accurate higher-order theory and C finite element for free vibration analysis of laminated composite and sandwich plates

At present, it is difficult to accurately predict natural frequencies of sandwich plates with soft core by using the C⁰ plate bending elements. Thus, the C¹ plate bending elements have to be employed to predict accurately dynamic response of such structures. This paper proposes an accurate higher-order C⁰ theory which is very different from other published higher-order theory satisfying the interlaminar stress continuity, as the first derivative of transverse displacement has been taken out from the in-plane displacement fields of the present theory. Therefore, the C⁰ interpolation functions is only required during its finite element implementation. Based on the Hamilton’s principle and Navier’s technique, analytical solutions to the natural frequency analysis of simply-supported laminated plates have been presented. To further extend the ranges of application of the proposed theory, an eight-node C⁰ continuous isoparametric element is used to model the proposed theory. Numerical results show the present C⁰ finite element can accurately predict the natural frequencies of sandwich plate with soft core, whereas other global higher-order theories are unsuitable for free vibration analysis of such soft-core structures.     

阶梯状或线性变厚度正交异性圆板的横向振动

本文利用三节点变厚度环形单元,计算了变厚度柱状正交各向异性圆板的轴对称和非轴对称振动的自然频率。在单元矩阵的计算过程中将解析方法与数值积分相结合,大大提高了计算精度。计算实例表明,使用少数几个单元即可获得相当精确的计算结果。     

波浪与弹性板作用的数值模拟

该文采用高阶有限元和边界元联合的方法求解波浪与弹性板的相互作用。其中流场采用边界元法求解,结构弹性响应方程采用基于Mindlin板理论的有限元方法求解,通过模态叠加技术实现了弹性板变形与流场相互作用的解耦。通过对一矩形板的计算,验证了该文方法与他人试验结果和数值模拟结果都吻合良好。利用这一模型进一步分析了波浪与弹性圆形板的作用问题,并对圆形板运动响应的收敛性进行了分析。     

Vibration analysis of radially FGM sectorial plates of variable thickness on elastic foundations

This paper deals with free vibration analysis of radially functionally graded circular and annular sectorial thin plates of variable thickness, resting on the Pasternak elastic foundation. Differential quadrature method (DQM) is used to yield natural frequencies of the circular/annular sectorial plates under simply-supported and clamped boundary conditions on the basis of the classical plate theory (CPT). The inhomogeneity of the plate is characterized by taking exponential variation of Young’s modulus and mass density of the material along the radial direction whereas Poisson’s ratio is assumed to remain constant. The validity of the present solution is first examined by studying the convergence of the frequency parameters. Then, a comparison of results with those available in literature confirms the excellent accuracy of the present approach. Afterwards, the frequency parameters of the circular/annular sectorial thin plates with uniform, linear, and quadratic variations in thickness are computed for different boundary conditions and various values of the material inhomogeneity constants, sector angles, and inner to outer radius ratios.     

Consideration of spatial variation of the length scale parameter in static and dynamic analyses of functionally graded annular and circular micro-plates

This article introduces new methods for static and free vibration analyses of functionally graded annular and circular micro-plates, which can take into account spatial variation of the length scale parameter. The underlying higher order continuum theory behind the proposed approaches is the modified couple stress theory. A unified way of expressing the displacement field is adopted so as to produce numerical results for three different plate theories, which are Kirchhoff plate theory (KPT), Mindlin plate theory (MPT), and third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT). Governing partial differential equations and corresponding boundary conditions are obtained following the variational approach and the Hamilton's principle. Derived systems of differential equations are solved numerically by utilizing the differential quadrature method (DQM). Comparisons to the results available in the literature demonstrate the high level of accuracy of the numerical results generated through the developed methods. Extensive analyses are presented in order to illustrate the influences of various geometric and material parameters upon static deformation profiles, stresses, and natural vibration frequencies. In particular, the length scale parameter ratio -which defines the length scale parameter variation profile-is shown to possess a profound impact on both static and dynamic behaviors of functionally graded annular and circular micro-plates.     

基于弹性力学的裂缝梁自由振动分析

基于弹性力学平面应力理论,采用Chebyshev-Ritz法分析裂缝梁的自由振动特性。将梁分成三个子梁,取边界函数与Chebyshev多项式的乘积作为每个子梁的位移试函数,保证解的快速收敛性,并使该方法适用于不同的几何边界条件。用里兹法列出每个子梁的振动特征方程,并根据各子梁在界面上的位移连续性条件得到整个裂缝梁的振动特征方程。计算结果与文献数据和有限元分析吻合很好。最后分析了裂缝深度和梁的高跨比对动力特性的影响。     

基于一阶剪切变形理论的功能梯度球环振动特性

提出一种半解析法分析了一般边界条件下中等厚度功能梯度球环结构的自由振动特性。基于一阶剪切变形理论推导了中等厚度功能梯度球环结构公式,其中位移函数用改进傅里叶级数表示以消除边界的不连续性,并利用弹簧参数法来模拟一般边界条件;利用里兹法求解得到功能梯度球环结构的固有频率;在收敛性分析的基础上,将本文结果与有限元法、试验数据和文献数据进行了对比,并探讨相关参数的影响。研究表明,本文提出的方法收敛性好,求解精度高;功能梯度球环结构频率参数随厚度和剪切修正系数的增大而增大。     

A new wavelet-based thin plate element using B-spline wavelet on the interval

By interacting and synchronizing wavelet theory in mathematics and variational principle in finite element method, a class of wavelet-based plate element is constructed. In the construction of wavelet-based plate element, the element displacement field represented by the coefficients of wavelet expansions in wavelet space is transformed into the physical degree of freedoms in finite element space via the corresponding two-dimensional C₁ type transformation matrix. Then, based on the associated generalized function of potential energy of thin plate bending and vibration problems, the scaling functions of B-spline wavelet on the interval (BSWI) at different scale are employed directly to form the multi-scale finite element approximation basis so as to construct BSWI plate element via variational principle. BSWI plate element combines the accuracy of B-spline functions approximation and various wavelet-based elements for structural analysis. Some static and dynamic numerical examples are studied to demonstrate the performances of the present element.     

Vibrations of skewed cantilevered triangular,trapezoidal and parallelogram Mindlin plates with considering corner stress singularities

Based on the Mindlin shear deformation plate theory, a method is presented for determining natural frequencies of skewed cantilevered triangular, trapezoidal and parallelogram plates using the Ritz method, considering the effects of stress singularities at the clamped re‐entrant corner. The admissible displacement functions include polynomials and corner functions. The admissible polynomials form a mathematically complete set and guarantee the solution convergent to the exact frequencies when sufficient terms are used. The corner functions properly account for the singularities of moments and shear forces at the re‐entrant corner and accelerate the convergence of the solution. Detailed convergence studies are carried out for plates of various shapes to elucidate the positive effects of corner functions on the accuracy of the solution. The results obtained herein are compared with those obtained by other investigators to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the solution. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new shear-flexible FRP-reinforced concrete slab element

In this paper, a simple shear-flexible rectangular layered FRP-reinforced concrete slab element is developed based on Mindlin–Reissner plate theory and Timoshenko’s composite beam functions for nonlinear finite element analysis of FRP-reinforced concrete slabs. The Timoshenko’s composite beam functions are developed for FRP-reinforced concrete slabs based on those for composite laminates. The plane displacement interpolation functions of a quadrilateral isoparametric element with drilling degrees of freedom are employed to describe the membrane effects and the bending effects of the slab element are represented by the rotation functions of the slab element derived from Timoshenko’s composite beam functions. Both geometric nonlinearity and material nonlinearity of the materials are included in the new element. The efficiency of the element for nonlinear finite element analysis of FRP-reinforced concrete slabs is validated by comparing the computed results of two numerical examples with those obtained from lab tests.     

INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRIC NON-LINEARITIES ON THE FREE VIBRATIONS OF ORTHOTROPIC OPEN CYLINDRICAL SHELLS

This paper presents a general approach to predict the influence of geometric non-linearities on the free vibration of elastic, thin, orthotropic and non-uniform open cylindrical shells. The open shells are assumed to be freely simply supported along their curved edges and to have arbitrary straight edge boundary conditions. The method is a hybrid of finite element and classical thin shell theories. The solution is divided into two parts. In part one, the displacement functions are obtained from Sanders' linear shell theory and the mass and linear stiffness matrices are obtained by the finite element procedure. In part two, the modal coefficients derived from the Sanders–Koiter non-linear theory of thin shells are obtained for these displacement functions. Expressions for the second- and third-order non-linear stiffness matrices are then determined through the finite element method. The non-linear equation of motion is solved by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta numerical method. The linear and non-linear natural frequency variations are determined as a function of shell amplitudes for different cases. The results obtained reveal that the frequencies calculated by this method are in good agreement with those obtained by other authors. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Alternate hybrid stress finite element models

Alternate hybrid stress finite element models in which the internal equilibrium equations are satisfied on the average only, while the equilibrium equations along the interelement boundaries and the static boundary conditions are adhered to exactly a priori, are developed. The variational principle and the corresponding finite element formulation, which allows the standard direct stiffness method of structural analysis to be used, are discussed. Triangular elements for a moderately thick plate and a doubly-curved shallow thin shell are developed. Kinematic displacement modes, convergence criteria and bounds for the direct flexibility-influence coefficient are examined.     

A new eight-node quadrilateral shear-bending plate finite element

A new eight-node quadrilateral shear-bending Reissner–Mindlin plate finite element for the very thin and thick plates without locking and spurious zero-energy modes is presented. The element has very good convergence characteristics both for thin and thick plates, is hardly insensitive to mesh distortions, and passes the patch tests. The formulation of the element is derived from a displacement variational principle and some general criteria to compute inconsistent transverse shear strains. These criteria have been applied with success to four- and eight-node quadrilateral plate finite elements and could be applied to construct triangular elements. The eight-node quadrilateral shear-bending plate finite element proposed has been found to be very efficient.