基于CNN-LSTM的短期风电功率预测

短期风电功率预测对电力系统的安全稳定运行和能源的优化配置具有重要意义。鉴于卷积神经网络(CNN)高效的数据特征提取能力,以及长短期记忆网络(LSTM)描述时间序列长期依赖关系的能力。为了提高短期风电功率预测的精度,设计了一种基于CNN和LSTM的风电功率预测模型。该模型利用卷积神经网络对风电功率、风速、风向数据进行多层卷积和池化堆叠计算,提取风电功率相关数据的特征图谱。为了描述风电功率序列的时序依从关系,将图谱特征信息作为长短期记忆网络的输入信息,计算得到风电功率的预测结果。采用西班牙某风电场的实测数据进行模型预测精度验证。结果表明,该模型较LSTM、Elman模型具有更好的预测性能。     

基于EMD-PSO-Bi LSTM组合模型的短期风电功率预测

风电功率预测对风电并网的稳定运行具有重要意义。为了解决风电功率预测中的精度和模型稳定性问题,引入了EMD-PSO-BiLSTM模型。通过经验模态分解技术将原始风电功率序列分解为一系列固有模态函数,以有效捕捉数据中的多尺度特征,并为每个模态序列建立了各自的预测模型。鉴于双向长短时记忆神经网络良好的泛化能力,建立了基于BiLSTM的各模态预测模型。进一步采用粒子群算法优化了BiLSTM参数,解决了模型非线性、高维、多模态等问题,获得了各模态分量的最优模型,并通过汇总各模态分量的结果得到了风电功率预测值。最后,以湖南省某风电场的实际运行数据为例,验证了EMD-PSO-BiLSTM模型可以有效提高风电功率短期预测精度。     

基于AM-LSTM的风电场内多点位风电功率预测

为了提高大型风电场的风电功率预测的准确性,构建基于多点位的注意力机制(AM)和长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)混合预测模型.对于风电功率影响因素特征提取模块,利用属性简约方法,在保证不影响原有的分类效果上,去掉多余属性,大幅度提高预测效率.对于风电功率预测模块,首先,利用15分钟数据间隔,不同高度的风速等作为模型输入,然后通过LSTM处理输入的时间序列与风电功率之间的非线性关系,接下来通过AM进一步优化LSTM的权重,最终得到风电功率的预测结果.通过国外某电场数据的验证:将数据集按照季度分开,各个模型预测结果最为优的是第四季度,对于基于多点位的注意力机制和长短期记忆混合预测模型的均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别比前馈神经网络预测模型降低48.8％和17.4％,比单一长短期记忆神经网络预测模型降低37.2％和7.8％.     

改进灰狼算法的核极限学习机的风功率预测

针对风能的波动性、非平稳性导致风电功率预测精度不高的问题,研究并提出一种基于可变模式分解(VMD)技术和改进灰狼算法(DIGWO)优化核极限学习机(KELM)的短期风电功率预测模型。将功率信号进行分解得到若干个不同带宽的模式分量,对各个模式分量建立核极限学习机预测模型。为提高核极限学习机的寻优能力,采用改进的灰狼算法对核极限学习机的参数进行优化,得到各个模式分量的预测值,将分量预测值进行叠加后得到风电功率最终预测。采用实际风电功率数据进行实验仿真,实验结果表明,该模型的RMSE和MAE分别是1.5%和1.16%,相比其他模型提高了风电功率预测精度。     

基于时频域信息融合和多尺度对抗的轨迹预测

目前已有许多工作将Transformer运用到时间序列预测相关任务. 然而, 相比其他时间序列, 运动轨迹数据存在运动学的不确定性, 没有明显的周期特性. 为了降低噪声干扰, 增强趋势建模, 本文在Transformer架构的基础上, 提出一种基于时频域信息融合和多尺度对抗训练的目标轨迹预测方法. 将小波分解嵌入网络模型, 实现时频域自适应滤波; 并与时域注意力进行融合, 能够更有效地对观测轨迹的长期趋势特性进行编码. 并设计了一个全卷积判别器, 通过对抗训练学习序列的多尺度短期微运动表示, 进一步提高预测精度. 本文建立了一个包括2维船舶轨迹和3维飞行器轨迹的轨迹预测数据集DT作为基准, 并在此与Transformer、LogTrans、Informer等模型进行对比实验. 实验结果表明本文的方法在中长期轨迹预测任务上优于其他模型.     

基于改进EMD与SVM的风电功率短期预测模型

风电功率短期预测对电力系统的调度运行有着重要意义。为提高风电功率短期预测的精度,构建基于改进的经验模态分解法(EMD)和支持向量机(SVM)相结合的预测模型,进行风电功率的短期预测。首先,采用镜像延拓算法对预处理后的功率序列进行处理,从而抑制经验模态分解法分解过程中的端点效应;同时,采用分段三次埃尔米特插值代替三次样条插值,由此得到的包络线可以有效改进EMD的欠冲或过冲问题;然后用改进后的EMD方法将风电功率序列分解成不同的分量,再针对各分量分别构建各自的SVM模型进行预测,最后将各预测分量进行叠加,由此得到总的风电功率预测值。实验结果表明,相比与其他的短期功率预测模型,改进的EMD-SVM预测模型具有更高的预测精度,具有一定的应用价值。     

多标度分形特征下碳排放权价格预测算法

在非线性范式下,本文构建了基于多贝西小波三层变换和单支重构的遗传算法径向基函数神经网络模型(daubechies wavelet-genetic algorithm-radial basis function neural network model,Db3-GA-RBF),探讨了欧盟碳排放权市场的价格预测问题.研究表明:1)欧盟碳排放权交易市场配额三阶段的现货价格波动均具有局部尺度多样性特征,且第3阶段碳价格序列多重分形特征最强,本质上碳排放权市场是一个多重分形与混沌市场;2)Db3-GA-RBF模型能有效地提高数据的准确性和模型的泛化能力,使模型的预测精度更强;3)与其他预测模型效果相比,基于施瓦茨信息准则(Schwartz’s information criterion,SIC)的Db3-GA-RBF(SIC)模型的预测精度大约提高70%.     

基于Informer算法的网联车辆运动轨迹预测模型

自动驾驶汽车可以根据轨迹预测算法计算周边车辆的运动轨迹,并作出反应以降低行车风险,而传统的轨迹预测模型在长时间序列预测的情况下会产生较大的误差。为解决这一问题,提出了一种以Informer算法为基础的轨迹预测模型,并根据公开数据集NGSIM进行实验分析。首先通过对称指数移动平均法(sEMA)对原始数据进行滤波处理,并在原有的Informer编码器中加入了联合归一化层对不同车辆进行特征提取处理,减少了不同车辆之间的运动误差,通过考虑车辆的本身速度信息与周围环境的车辆运动信息,提高了预测精度,最后经过解码器得到未来时刻的车辆轨迹分布。结果表明,模型对车辆的轨迹预测误差在0.5 m以内;通过对轨迹预测的MAE与MSE结果分析可知,预测时间超过0.3 s以后,Informer模型的轨迹预测效果明显优于其他算法,验证了模型和算法的有效性。     

基于时间序列的软件可靠性预测模型研究

将软件可靠性测试阶段获得的失效数据作为时间序列进行多尺度分解,对分解到不同尺度上的数据分别利用不同的时序预测模型进行分析,得到软件可靠性多尺度预测模型.数据实验表明与单一时序预测模型相比,该模型逼近和预测效果良好,具有较高的预测精度和很好的模型适应性.     

基于经验模式分解与混沌分析的直接多步预测模型

直接多步预测不依靠单步预测的结果而直接使用测量数据, 效果理想, 但往往要求模型能够学习多种不同的目标函数. 本文建立的直接多步预测混合模型, 使用模式分解方法把原始时间序列分解成不同尺度的基本模式分量, 再经混沌分析和神经网络进行组合预测, 减小了各步预测模型之间的差别, 提高了模型对多种目标函数的学习能力, 有效提高了预测精度. 最后, 通过基准时间序列验证了本模型的优越性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.