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工程知识的演化是工程哲学中的一个重要问题。工程知识是以"物化"形态和"纯知识"形态两种形式存在的,与科学知识相比,工程知识的演化是与人工物密切联系在一起的。工程知识演化的内部动力是工程理论与工程实践中的问题,外部动力是社会经济发展需求因素的影响和科学技术进步的推动。工程知识的演化研究还需要注意"要素性知识进步"和"知识系统集成"的互动、"工程知识标准化"和"工程知识创新"的互动、研发活动与相关制度的作用等机制性问题。 相似文献
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Ferrous metals have been the basic material used by human beings. In 600 BC, China started to enjoy the Iron Age, so in the long-term practice, iron-smelting had come to be a skillful technique. Accompanied with the economic development of human society, iron-smelting had been transformed into handicraft iron making workshops in addition to farming and stock-raising. The Industrial Revolution boosted the increasing demand for iron and steel products in society and the technological innovation had brought the birth of steel industry and had formed the ferrous metallurgical engineering. In the course of rapid growth of economy in the 20th century, driven by technological innovations, steel industry has made tremendous development. In the 21st century, iron and steel will still be the important materials for human society, and the development of steel industry will be continuing. The history of human society, as a whole, has been an everlasting course of evolution for the survival of human being and the needs for the development of human society. Human race has endeavored to improve economic growth. The evolution of ferrous metallurgical engineering has been just one constituent in the evolution course of utilization, application and fabrication of tools for human society. 相似文献
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关于工程演化一般规律的理论本世纪刚刚诞生。本文针对建筑工程行业,以演化生物学的理论框架为纲,展开类比研究。首先分析生物演化的底层逻辑,随之引出物种与环境的关系,最后上升到种系发生。运用隐喻方法将此图式结构影射到建筑工程演化论,并列举古今中外建筑工程及其技术要素、非技术要素的典型例子,借用生物学骨架建立起新的理论模型。结果表明生物演化与建筑工程演化在整体上具有一定的相似性,由此可得到有实际价值的建筑工程演化模型,而且生物学中还有更多理论成果和统计方法有挖掘利用的潜力,二者之间的差异性有待进一步探讨。建筑史学可助力构建全面的工程系统演化论。本领域的研究同时面向建筑工程的过去、现在与未来。 相似文献
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目前工程社会学在我国正逐渐兴起,出现了"工程共同体论"、"社会评价论"和"建设工程系统论"三种不同研究范式,各学者对系统的工程社会学体系莫衷一是。本文首先批判性梳理了上述三种范式,指出其对于工程社会学建构的作用和意义;其次,借鉴英国科学社会学家约翰·齐曼对科学社会学知识的类型划分,将工程社会学体系划分为"内部工程社会学"和"外部工程社会学",并提出"工程域"和"工程社区"两个概念,它们是工程社会学的基本范畴,也分别是内部工程社会学和外部工程社会学的核心概念;最后,展望工程社会学发展前景,指出工程社会学必将成为社会学"学术大家庭"中的重要一员。 相似文献
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医药工程是指人类在医疗卫生领域运用科学和技术改造自然界、制造人工自然物的活动过程及其物质成果。医药工程哲学是工程哲学研究视野向医药工程领域拓展的产物,可以为化解医疗卫生领域的一些难题开启智慧之门。医药工程哲学研究框架除总论部分外,其分论部分包括医药建筑工程、医疗药物工程、医疗器械工程、医疗人体工程四个实践层面的哲学问题。具有悠久历史的中医药经过与西医药几百年的纠结磨合,依然在当今的医疗卫生体系中占据重要地位。在中医药发展走向新时代之际,中医药科学领域的研究者应该与哲学、工程哲学研究者携手合作,积极开展中医药工程哲学问题的相关研究,创建和发展独具特色的中医药工程哲学。中医药工程哲学理应成为医药工程哲学不可或缺的重要组成部分。 相似文献
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At present, the study of “public understanding of engineering” in China has just started, and it can be said that there is adequate research space. Making the public understanding of dams in China as a starting point, this paper analyzes the importance and the present situation of “public understanding of engineering”, and makes some analysis and recommendations on how to promote and facilitate the public understanding of engineering. 相似文献
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On account of the fact that engineering has been evolving, it should be studied in the view of evolution theory. The study of engineering evolution is not only of theoretical significance but also of practical importance. Engineering evolution is a must for the profound study of engineering philosophy. There is close relationship among the evolution of engineering theory, engineering history, and engineering philosophy. From the point of view of rhetoric, philosophy of language and cognitive science, this paper analyzes the method of metaphor and explains the similar yet different relationship between the theory of life evolution and the theory of engineering evolution. And the paper comes to a conclusion that only when the engineering evolution undergoes a transformation from considering evolution as a metaphor to a theoretical innovation, could it be an independent theory in the academic field. 相似文献
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分析了储层改造在油气勘探开发中的重要作用,提出了储层改造实践过程中应树立的物质观、系统观、社会观、生态观和伦理观,以及储层改造实践的方法论.储层改造并不能创造资源,也不能改变资源丰度.储层改造的工程实践必须立足于油气藏自身的地质特征,结合储层室内评价研究,从系统的角度去分析和把握各种影响因素,努力实现社会效益、经济效益和生态效益的统一.储层改造工程师在储层改造的工程实践中发挥重要的作用,应当践行职业伦理,客观公正地处理各种利益冲突. 相似文献