电化学充氢对Cr15铁素体不锈钢和304奥氏体不锈钢氢脆敏感性的影响

研究了充氢时间、充氢电流密度、晶体结构对不锈钢氢脆敏感性的影响。结果表明:对于铁素体不锈钢,随着充氢时间的延长、电流密度的增大,塑性显著降低,氢脆敏感性大幅度增加;通过SEM观察实验钢断口形貌,断裂类型由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂。而相同条件下,奥氏体不锈钢氢脆敏感性较低,抗氢脆性能较好。充氢后实验钢表面存在大量H,且氢含量随试样深度逐渐降低,晶界可能作为氢陷阱影响实验钢的氢脆敏感性。     

30CrMnSiA钢沉头螺栓断裂失效分析

某飞机用30CrMnSiA钢沉头螺栓在拆卸过程中发生断裂,同炉批未曾使用的螺栓经磁粉检测也存在裂纹。为查找失效分析原因,通过对断裂件和同炉批开裂的螺栓外观检查、断口宏微观分析、能谱分析、硬度检测、金相分析等方法对断裂和开裂的螺栓进行了分析。结果表明:断裂螺栓和开裂螺栓断裂类型为氢脆,螺栓氢脆断裂主要与抗拉强度和热处理工艺有关,通过改善热处理工艺参数,适当降低螺栓的强度,增加酸洗后的除氢时间降低氢含量,从而避免氢脆发生的可能性。     

50CrVA弹簧断裂原因分析

50CrVA弹簧装配一段时间后发现断裂,后更换不同批次弹簧又发生断裂。对断裂弹簧进行断裂特征、组织观察分析,对硬度和镀层厚度进行测试。结果表明:存在表面镀层偏厚;弹簧的断裂性质为氢脆断裂;调查分析发现,断裂弹簧使用的表面处理槽液发生了改变,而工艺并未随之变化,致使在电镀过程中H的作用对弹簧影响较大,这是弹簧氢脆断裂的主要原因;此外,弹簧装配使用时不同轴导致应力集中,也对氢脆的发生有促进作用。工艺试验后,提出相应的改进措施,弹簧未发生断裂故障。     

高熵金属材料在氢环境中的脆性行为研究进展

氢脆广泛发生于各种金属及合金材料中,氢脆存在隐蔽性和时间滞后性,一旦发生往往带来灾难性事故,制约了金属材料在极端工况环境下的应用。研究发现,一些高熵合金(HEA)或多主元合金在力学性能、耐蚀性、抗氢脆性能等方面表现出超越传统合金材料(如钢、镍基合金、铝合金等)的性能特点,有望成为极端恶劣工况环境下装备用材料。在此基础上,对氢脆的机理和抗氢脆多主元合金领域的研究进展进行了综述。首先介绍了氢脆的概念,并梳理了几种金属氢脆机理,包括氢压理论、氢致局部塑性变形、氢增强解离、氢增强应变诱导空位、纳米空位聚合、氢促进位错发射等。随后,结合慢应变速率拉伸实验结果,梳理了影响多主元合金(尤其是高熵合金)抗氢脆性能的因素,包括氢含量、合金元素、微观结构、制备工艺、热处理工艺和实验条件等。最后,结合影响多主元合金抗氢脆性能的因素,提出通过优化制备工艺、改善热处理工艺和调整元素含量来提高CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金的抗氢脆性能,以及采用机器学习辅助开发新的抗氢脆多主元合金的观点,可为抗氢脆材料的研发提供参考。     

Hydrogen Damage in Superaustenitic 904L Stainless Steels

In this work, results on the influence of hydrogen on corrosion resistance and of hydrogen embrittlement of 904L superaustenitic stainless steel were investigated. The cracking behavior was studied by performing a slow strain rate test in synthetic seawater under varying cathodic polarization conditions. The results showed that the steel’s plasticity varied with the applied cathodic current density. Significant reductions in ductility were found, indicating its susceptibility to hydrogen-assisted fracture at current density of 20 mA/cm². Fractographical examinations showed that an increase in hydrogenation current density causes a stepwise decrease in ductility on the fracture surface. The effect of hydrogen on passivity and on pitting corrosion resistance was qualified with the polarization curves registered in synthetic seawater. The conclusion is that hydrogen may affect the passive film stability and thus may decrease the corrosion resistance of the studied steel. The presence of hydrogen increases corrosion current density and decreases the potential of the film breakdown. It was also found that the degree of the susceptibility to hydrogen degradation was dependent on the hydrogen charging conditions.     

Al-xMg-3.1Zn铝合金的应力腐蚀开裂行为及其机制

通过慢应变速率拉伸实验和动态电解充氢实验分别研究了Al-x Mg-3.1Zn铝合金的应力腐蚀开裂行为及其氢脆行为。结合宏观断口和微观断口形貌分析研究了合金发生应力腐蚀开裂的进程。通过对合金应力腐蚀开裂的机制进行分析阐明了合金中Mg元素含量对合金应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响。结果表明:在该合金体系中存在应力腐蚀开裂,且合金的应力腐蚀敏感性随合金中Mg含量的降低而降低,这与合金的阳极溶解行为与氢脆行为随Mg元素含量降低而减弱有着直接的关系。在这当中,合金中晶界析出相的数量随Mg元素含量降低而减少起到了至关重要的作用。     

Hydrogen-enhanced lattice defect formation and hydrogen embrittlement of cyclically prestressed tempered martensitic steel

The numbers of lattice defects formed by applying cyclic prestress with/without hydrogen for various numbers of cycles and strain rates during cyclic prestress were compared for tempered martensitic steel. A tensile test was also carried out to evaluate hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility following the application of cyclic prestress. The results showed that when cyclic prestress was applied without hydrogen, the number of cycles and strain rate had no apparent effect on mechanical properties and fracture morphology at the time of the subsequent tensile test. In contrast, when cyclic prestress was applied with hydrogen, the fracture strain and fracture stress decreased with an increasing number of prestress cycles and a decreasing strain rate, and the fracture morphology exhibited brittle fracture, signifying an increase in hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility at the time of the tensile test. The number of hydrogen-enhanced lattice defects also increased with increasing number of cycles and a decreasing strain rate was found when cyclic prestress was applied with hydrogen. These results indicate a correlation between hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility and the number of hydrogen-enhanced lattice defects. The kinds of increased hydrogen-enhanced lattice defects were probably vacancies and vacancy clusters formed by the interactions between hydrogen and dislocation movement during the application of cyclic prestress. The vacancies and vacancy clusters formed during the application of cyclic prestress with hydrogen presumably caused intergranular fracture and increased hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility.     

Cr含量对氢分离合金V90-xTi10Crx(x=0,5,10,20)组织和性能的影响

单相V基合金膜具有比Pd合金膜更高的氢渗透率及较低的成本,在氢分离合金膜纯化领域有潜在的应用前景。通过增加Cr含量来探究斥氢元素Cr对单相V_90-xTi₁₀Cr_x(x=0, 5, 10, 20)(原子分数,%)合金氢溶解、氢渗透以及抗氢脆能力的影响。结果表明,Cr含量的增加降低了氢在V_90-xTi₁₀Cr_x合金中的氢溶解度以及氢扩散系数,从而降低了氢渗透率,但V_90-xTi₁₀Cr_x合金仍表现出优于Pd及Pd-Ag合金的氢渗透性能。另一方面,随着Cr含量的增加,V_90-xTi₁₀Cr_x合金破裂温度从184℃(x=5)降低到141℃(x=10),而x=20时,合金膜冷至室温仍保持完整性,表现出优异的抗氢脆性能。     

Gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of T-250 laser welds

The tensile properties of laser-welded T-250 maraging steel are measured, with attention paid to the influence of strain rate and gaseous hydrogen on the fracture behavior of welded specimens. Post-weld heat treatments are performed on laser-welded specimens to obtain underaged (WU), peak-aged (WP), and overaged (WO) specimens. Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) affects the tensile fracture behavior of the welded specimens; HE changes not only the fracture mode but also the fracture location. Without the influence of hydrogen, the fracture location is at the softest region, the weld metal (WM), and the fracture appearance reveals a ductile dimple fracture. For welds sensitive to HE, the fracture is initiated at the heat-affected zone (HAZ) with coarse grain size, and the associated fracture surface exhibits intergranular and quasi-cleavage fractures that are brittle in nature. In addition, the HAZ with coarse grain size is more prone to HE, as compared to other regions in the welded specimens. The WU specimens are susceptible to HE in air under a low strain rate, while the WP specimens are only susceptible to gaseous hydrogen embrittlement (GHE). However, the WO specimens are immune to GHE and insensitive to strain rate.     

SURFACE REACTION，HYDROGEN DIFFUSIVITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL EMBRITTLEMENT OF INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS Ni_3Al AND Fe_3Al

ＳＵＲＦＡＣＥＲＥＡＣＴＩＯＮ，ＨＹＤＲＯＧＥＮＤＩＦＦＵＳＩＶＩＴＹＡＮＤＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＬＥＭＢＲＩＴＴＬＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＩＮＴＥＲＭＥＴＡＬＬＩＣＣＯＭＰＯＵＮＤＳＮｉ_３ＡｌＡＮＤＦｅ_３ＡｌＷＡＮＸｉａｏｊｉｎｇ；ＺＨＵＪｉａｈｏｎｇ；...     

On the intergranular fracture behavior of high-temperature plastic deformation of 1420 Al-Li alloy

Compared with generic industrial a1uminumalloys, Al-Li a1loys have remarkable advantagesinc1uding low density high specific strength,and rigidity. They are widely used in manyfields, such as aviation, spaceflight, energy en-gineering, weapon industry, etc. TherefOre,every country pays much attention to them.The l420 alloy belongs to Al--Mg--Li-Zr seriesalloys [ l, 2]. lt has excellent corrosion resistanceand good weldability besides the common ad-vantages of generic Al-Li alloys. lt can be…     

The effects of hydrogen on the deformation and fracture of β-titanium

The hydrogen-induced ductile–brittle transition in the BCC β-titanium alloy, Timetal® 21S, occurs abruptly at a critical hydrogen concentration that decreased with decreasing tensile test temperature. Mechanical property tests showed that solute hydrogen reduced the yield strength of ductile specimens and decreased the fracture stress of brittle specimens. To identify the operative mechanism a series of experiments were performed to test the applicability of the stress-induced hydride mechanism, the hydrogen-enhanced plasticity mechanism, and the decohesion mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement. The experiments showed that no hydrides were associated with the fracture process, indicating that the stress-induced hydride mechanism was not responsible for the observed sharp ductile–brittle transition. In situ straining experiments in a controlled environment transmission electron microscope showed that hydrogen enhanced the mobility of dislocations in both uncharged and hydrogen charged alloys, showing that the hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity mechanism cannot account for the observed behavior. The experimental results are, however, fully consistent with the decohesion mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement.     

Co3Ti金属间化合物的环境氢脆及氢扩散

研究了硼对Ｃｏ３Ｔｉ环境脆性的影响,证明硼对Ｃｏ３Ｔｉ合金无抑制环境氢脆的作用,用一种新方法测定了Ｃｏ３Ｔｉ中氢的扩散系数,证明加硼或不加硼Ｃｏ３Ｔｉ合金中氢的扩散系数相同。表明硼下降低氢的沿晶扩散。加硼Ｃｏ３Ｔｉ合金仍然对水汽诱发的环境氢脆敏感是由于硼不偏聚在Ｃｏ３Ｔｉ晶界,不能有效抑制氢的沿晶扩散所致。     

Modellversuch zum Mechanismus der Spannungsrißkorrosion von AlZnMg-Legierungen

Model experiments concerning the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking of AlZnMg alloys For the experimental clarification of scc of AlZnMg alloys, tubes were inside filled with the corrosive medium and subjected to tensile stresses. In order to increase localised tension, circumferencial notches were made. The formation of sccfracture on the outside of the tubes can only be explained by hydrogen embrittlement. The equilibrium solubility of the grain boundary for hydrogen is dependent upon the value of the effective normal tensile stress. The grain boundary adhesive strength is reduced to the diffused hydrogen producing a decohesive effect. This results in intercrystalline brittle fracture in the range of the elastic tension.     

V合金在聚变堆环境中的使用脆性

利用高温氧化和氢化等方法模拟在聚变堆环境中多种 V-Cr-Ti-Al-Si合金因吸O和H而造成的脆性，并利用国外测试的V合金中子辐照后性能数据， 分析了V合金的中子辐照脆性.V合金在450℃～600℃惰性气体中的高温氧化符合抛物线 规律，除V4Ti3Al合金外，O含量升高使合金的延性降低.H、O联合作用下的V合金表现出了很 强的氢脆敏感性.对含O量为800 μg/g的V4Cr4Ti合金，当H含量超过50 μg/g后表现出明显 的拉伸脆性.中子辐照使V合金的屈服强度升高，而塑性降低，特别是低于400℃的低温中子 辐照，V合金表现出很强的辐照致脆倾向.研究中发现V合金吸氢、中子辐照和形变后的强化 具有等强的降低合金塑性的作用，为此建议采用细晶强化来解决V合金的氢脆和辐照致脆问 题.     

钢氢脆失效的新现象与新认识

综合分析近几年钢制零件氢脆失效的典型特征,发现一些过去被人们忽视但对氢脆断裂影响极为关键的新现象,包括低强度、低氢含量的材料在某些条件下也会发生氢脆,氢脆断口的撕裂棱(鸡爪痕)减少及瞬断区面积变大,小尺寸零件更易发生氢脆,氢脆与其他失效模式交织等。总结包括尚未有手段能检测出零件的局部H含量,尚未建立起材料强度与临界氢含量之间的定量关系,材料强度偏高等需解决的一些关键问题,提出材料强度应处于标准的中下限、除氢处理规范要按实际强度制定等新认识,旨在为零件的设计、制造、使用、维护等方面提供参考和借鉴。     

钛及其合金氢脆研究现状与应用

氢脆是钛及其合金使用过程中的主要早期失效损伤原因之一.本文扼要综述了当前国内外钛氢脆研究的现状。分别对钛氢脆的机理、氢脆研究方法、影响因素、评价方法、预防措施及应用等进行了阐述,并对存在的问题和发展前景进行探讨.      

Stress corrosion cracking of amorphous iron base alloys

The stress corrosion cracking behaviour at room temperature of amorphous Fe-Cr-Ni-P-C alloys subjected to constant strain rates was studied in some acidic solutions containing Cl⁻ ions. Hydrogen embrittlement of the alloys occurred in the potential region lower than −300 mV relative to the corrosion potential in acidic solutions regardless of Cl⁻ concentration. In the passive potential region no embrittlement was observed during tests in neutral NaCl solutions and in acidic solutions with low concentrations of Cl⁻ ions. Only when tensile stress was applied to the specimen in relatively strong acidic solutions containing a certain amount of Cl⁻ ions, fracture stress decreased in this potential region. The lowering of the fracture stress can also be attributed to hydrogen embrittlement.     

影响Ti合金热稳定性的因素

综述了合金元素、环境气氛、相变、涂层等因素对Ti合金热稳定性的影响.     

Effect of hydrogen on the properties and fracture characteristics of TRIP 800 steels

The paper describes effect of hydrogen on the properties and fracture characteristics of two variants of TRIP 800 C–Mn–Si steels. The effect of hydrogen was studied by means of tensile tests on specimens previously charged by hydrogen. Hydrogen provoked embrittlement in both variants but only for very high hydrogen content. Hydrogen embrittlement manifested itself mainly by a loss of plasticity. Both steel variants were able to absorb a large amount of hydrogen, up to 50 ppm. Concerning fractographic characteristics, steels containing higher hydrogen content displayed transgranular cleavage fracture. In exceptional cases, an irreversible embrittlement was revealed initiating on non-metallic inclusions.