Social science, social psychology, and the National Science Foundation.

The approach of the National Science Foundation to the social sciences is characterized as "exploratory, experimental and pragmatic. The social sciences have been given opportunity to demonstrate concretely their practical role in the solution of operating and policy questions… . This experience with a limited social science program, developing in intimate relationship with the natural sciences, has provided a firm basis for consideration by the Foundation of appropriate next steps in achieving that effective integration of the natural and social sciences which will enhance the contribution of all the sciences to the national well-being." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Problems of the behavioral and social sciences in National Science Foundation budget debates.

Discusses the vulnerability of social and behavioral science grants that leads to their substantial reduction. This is contrasted with the traditional strong congressional resistance to cuts in support of the physical sciences. It is stressed that behavioral scientists should more adequately communicate the importance of their work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology and the National Science Fair.

Discusses the involvement of the American Psychological Association in the 1964 and 1965 National Science Fair-International. Psychologists are urged to come forward and offer to serve as judges at local science fair competitions and at the National Science Fair-International. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

American Psychological Foundation National Media Awards.

The National Media Awards program was established in 1956 by the American Psychological Foundation to honor outstanding reporting in the national media on psychology. These awards are offered as a means of recognizing and encouraging the communication of psychological topics to the general public by reporters, writers, producers, and others connected with newspapers, magazines, television, radio, films, books, and similar media. The awards are made on the recommendation of the National Media Awards Committee chaired by Julius Segal. Because of the diversity and, hence, the noncomparability of various productions, the media awards are made in several categories. Each one is accompanied by a check for $500, a citation, and a letter of commendation for having served both psychology and the public in this fashion. The 1972 National Media Awards Committee named winners in all three categories of this year's award: The winner of the Television/Radio/Movie category was the film Learning produced by CRM Productions of Beverly Hills, California; The co-winners of the newly formed Books/Magazines/Monographs category are Gay Gaer Luce and Erik Peper for their article in the New York Times Magazine entitled "Biofeedback: Mind Over Body, Mind Over Mind"; The winner of the newspaper award was Ronald Hollander for a series of articles entitled "Hospital Psychiatric Emergency Rooms" which appeared in the New York Post. In addition to the three winners, six honorable mentions are announced. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

National Medal of Science Award.

This item announces that B. F. Skinner, Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, was named in January by President Lyndon Johnson as a 1968 recipient of the National Medal of Science, the Federal Government's highest award for distinguished achievement in science, mathematics, and engineering. The President's announcement stated that Skinner was being honored "for basic and imaginative contributions to the study of behavior which have had profound influence upon all psychology and many related areas." The National Medal of Science was established in 1959 to be awarded by the President to individuals "deserving of special recognition by reason of their outstanding contributions to knowledge in the physical, biological, mathematical, or engineering sciences." Other psychologists who have won the Medal are Neal E. Miller (1964) and Harry F. Harlow (1967), both past presidents of the APA. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

National Medal of Science Award.

Announcement that former APA President Harry F. Harlow was named a 1967 recipient of the National Medal of Science--the Federal Government's highest award for distinguished achievement in science, mathematics, and engineering. The Medal was established in 1959 to be awarded by the President to individuals "deserving of special recognition by reason of their outstanding contributions to knowledge in the physical, biological, mathematical, or engineering sciences." The Medal was awarded to Harlow and 11 others at a special ceremony at the White House. A summary of Harlow's career is provided in this announcement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

American Psychological Foundation: National Media Awards.

Explains that the National Media Awards are offered as a means of recognizing and encouraging the communication of psychology to the general public by magazine and free-lance writers, reporters, television, radio, films, and books. Awards are presented in six categories (only five awards were made this year, however, and next year the television and film categories will be combined). In addition, a Grand Prix winner is selected from the winners of the five categories. Each winner received three days' expenses to the APA's Annual Convention in Montreal and a citation. A record total of 162 entries were received in the six categories this year. The first winner of the Grand Prix award was Gerald Jonas for his two-part series on the work of Neal Miller which appeared in the August 19 and 26, 1972, issues of the New Yorker magazine. Jonas also received the award in the magazine category. Other winners included: Television--"The Masks We Wear," produced by ABC News and Jules Power Productions, narrated by Harry Reasoner; Radio--"The IQ Fallacy," produced by the Great Atlantic Radio Conspiracy and aired on WBJC-FM in Baltimore, Maryland; Newspaper reporting--Christine Darg of the Richmond Times-Dispatch for a series of articles on the human potential movement; and Books/monographs--Elliott Aronson for the book The Social Animal published by W. H. Freeman and Company. In addition to the five winners, honorable mentions and letters of special commendation were awarded to a number of entries in all six categories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

American Psychological Foundation: National Media Awards.

The National Media Awards program was established in 1956 by the American Psychological Foundation to honor outstanding reporting in the national media on psychology. These awards are offered as a means of recognizing and encouraging the communication of psychology to the general public by reporters, magazine and free-lance writers, television, radio, films, and books. Awards are usually made in five categories: radio, television/film, newspaper reporting, magazine writing, and books/monographs. The winners of the separate media categories competed with each other for the $1,000 Grand Prix, an award for the single outstanding communications effort about psychology in 1976. The winning citations and the Grand Prix were presented at the time of the APA Convention. There was no 1976 winner in the television/film category. Lonnie Carton, a psychologist at Tufts University, won the award in radio for her daily program, "The Learning Center," produced by WEEI Newsradio 59 in Boston and broadcast on all CBS-owned stations. Edward Edelson, science editor of the New York Daily News, won the newspaper reporting category for his three articles on "The Gender Revolution," which appeared in the issues of June 30, July 1, and July 2, 1975. Kenneth L. Woodward, general editor of Newsweek magazine, was the winner of the magazine writing category. With Phyllis Malamud, Woodward authored the September 22, 1975, cover article, "Who's Raising the Kids?: The Parent Gap." Jonathan L. Freedman, professor of psychology at Columbia University, won the books/monograph category for Crowding and Behavior. His book was published by W. H. Freeman and Company in San Francisco (paperbound) and by the Viking Press in New York (hardbound). In 1976 there were two recipients of the Grand Prix Award. Jonathan L. Freedman was recognized for his book, which was cited as "a comprehensive study of the nature of crowding and its effects on human beings." Edward Edelson was acclaimed for "three articles on 'The Gender Revolution,' a thoroughly researched and well-written analysis of recent findings on and changing attitudes toward male and female roles. In addition, there were a number of honorable mentions in each of the media categories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Understanding parent-adolescent interactions: Perceptions of family members and outsiders.

To see whether adolescents view parent–child relationships more like their parents or more like outsiders, 41 mother–father–adolescent child triads were videotaped interacting over two tasks. Each family member then viewed both interactions and rated levels of anxiety, dominance, involvement, and friendliness, for each interactant. These same interactions were also watched and rated by another mother–father–adolescent triad (outsider family) who did not know the family. These interactions were then rated by a trained observer. For ratings of anxiety, dominance, involvement, and friendliness, analyses involved comparisons (a) between the insider and outsider families ratings, on correlations between insider family members and outsider family members with the trained observer, and (b) comparisons among the three types of observers. Ratings by members of the outsider family were generally more negative than those by members of the insider family. Ratings of self tended to be more objective than ratings of other family members. Ratings by the trained observer were more highly correlated with those of the outsider family, although differences between the means showed that trained observers used a similar metric to the insider family. The importance of looking at patterns of ratings as well as mean differences is emphasized. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

American Psychological Foundation. National Media Award: 1969: Dave Smith, John Sharnik, and Harry Morgan.

Apresentation was made by Kenneth E. Clark, President of the APF to Dave Smith, John Sharnik, and Harry Morgan, the 1969 National Media Award winners. This year awards were made in two areas: one for newspaper or magazine writing; one for superior radio or television broadcasting. The Committee selected Dave Smith of the Los Angeles Times to receive the newspaper-magazine award and John Sharnik and Harry Morgan of CBS News to share the broadcasting award. This article describes the professional accomplishments of these three men. The Committee selected Dave Smith for his work in the article, "Dark Valley of a Boy's Mind," an in-depth study of Benny Smith, who on November 22, 1966, entered a beauty parlor in Mesa, Arizona, and killed five women, wounding two others. The Foundation cites Dave Smith for outstanding newspaper reporting through a "creative history analysis." Co-winners John Sharnik and Harry Morgan were singled out for their outstanding work in the production of two hour-long telecasts: "The Farthest Frontier" (January 1967), a documentary on the enhancement of the human mind and treatment of mental illness through chemistry; and "LSD: The Spring Grove Experiment" (May 1969), an examination of the use of LSD in treating emotional illness. The APF cited the two for uncommon skill in probing highly complex subjects and presenting detailed but lucid reports. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Early career achievements of National Science Foundation (NSF) graduate applicants: Looking for Pygmalion and Galatea effects on NSF winners.

NSF Graduate Fellowships are awarded to approximately half of a homogeneous group of applicants in a procedure that approximates random assignment to the conditions of either fellowship or honorable mention. This natural experiment permits assessment of the effect on early career accomplishments of being named an NSF fellow. The authors found a consistent effect for PhD completion—overall, fellows were 7% more likely to complete the PhD than were nonawardees—but found no reliable fellowship effect on achieving faculty status, achieving top faculty status, or submitting or receiving an NSF or a National Institutes of Health research grant. The authors conclude that the positive expectancies associated with this prestigious fellowship have only a small influence (Pygmalion or Galatea effect) in graduate school and no effect thereafter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interaction Rule between Rare Earths and Low-Melting Point Elements in Fe-,Cu-,Al-,Ni-Base Liquid Solutions

ＩｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎＲｕｌｅｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＲａｒｅＥａｒｔｈｓａｎｄＬｏｗ┐ＭｅｌｔｉｎｇＰｏｉｎｔＥｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｉｎＦｅ┐，Ｃｕ┐，Ａｌ┐，Ｎｉ┐ＢａｓｅＬｉｑｕｉｄＳｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓＤｕＴｉｎｇ，ＳｕｎＹｕｎｙｏｎｇ，ＷｕＹｅｍｉｎｇ，Ｗａ...     

American Psychological Foundation. Gold Medal Award and National Media Award: 1969.

At the annual meeting of the APA in Washington, D.C., on September 3, 1969, the American Psychological Foundation announced the recipients of the APF Gold Medal Award and the National Media Award (previously the Distinguished Science Writing Award). The presentations were made by Kenneth K. Clark, President of the APF, to Henry Alexander Murray, the Gold Medal Award winner, and to Dave Smith, John Sharnik, and Harry Morgan, the National Media Award winners. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Emotional labor, strain, and performance: Testing reciprocal relationships in a longitudinal panel study.

Models of emotional labor suggest that emotional labor leads to strain and affects job performance. Although the link between emotional labor, strain, and performance has been well documented in cross-sectional field studies, not much is known about the causal direction of relationships between emotional labor, strain, and performance. Goal of the present study was therefore to test the direction of effects in a two-wave longitudinal panel study using a sample of 151 trainee teachers. Longitudinal lagged effects were tested using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that the emotional labor strategy of surface acting led to increases in subsequent strain while deep acting led to increases in job performance. In contrast, there was no indication of reverse causation: Neither strain nor job performance had a significant lagged effect on subsequent surface or deep acting. Overall, results support models of emotional labor suggesting that surface and deep acting causally precede individual and organizational well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

“材料科学基础”课程改革的认识与实践

针对材料科学与工程专业院级平台课“材料科学基础”提出了教学改革方案，并进行了教学实践，注重培养学生的人文素质和创新思维，更新教学理念，改革教学方法、手段，把学科前沿知识与课程内容相结合，激发学生的学习兴趣，收到了较好效果。     

American Psychological Foundation Awards for 1977: National Media Awards.

Presents a list of the recipients of the National Media Awards for 1977. Included are the awards for the following categories: (1) magazine writing; (2) radio; and (3) television/film. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

American Psychological Foundation: Gold Medal and Distinguished Science Writing Awards 1965.

At the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association (APA) in Chicago, Illinois, on September 6, 1965, the American Psychological Foundation (APF) announced the recipients of the APF Gold Medal Award and of the APF Distinguished Science Writing Award. The APF was established in 1953 to receive gifts and bequests from psychologists wishing to make financial contributions toward the development of psychology as a science and as a contributor to human welfare. One part of this program is the presentation of the Gold Medal Award and the Distinguished Science Writing Award. Heinrich Klüver, the Sewell L. Avery Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago, was named recipient of the 1965 APF Gold Medal Award. On this same occasion the 1965 award for Distinguished Science Writing was presented to Earl Ubell, the Science Editor of the New York Herald Tribune. Presentations were made by Meredith P. Crawford, President of APF. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

American Psychological Foundation awards for 1987: Gold Medal Awards for Psychological Science, Psychological Professional, and Contribution by a Psychologist in the Public Interest.

Announces the winners of the 1987 Gold Medal Awards. The recipients, who are 65 years of age or older and residents of North America, are recognized for a distinguished and long-continued record of accomplishments in three individual areas: professional, scientific, and public interest. The winners are as follows: Psychological Science Gold Medal Award, Fritz Heider; Psychological Professional Gold Medal Award, Rollo May; and Contribution by a Psychologist in the Public Interest Gold Medal Award, Kenneth B. Clark. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

American Psychological Foundation Awards for 1976: Gold Medal, Distinguished Contributions to Education in Psychology, and the National Media.

On September 4, 1976, at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association (APA) in Washington, D.C., the American Psychological Foundation (APF) announced the recipients of the Gold Medal Award, the Distinguished Contributions to Education in Psychology Award, and the National Media Awards. William Sevan, President of the APF, made the presentations. Arthur W. Melton received the Gold Medal Award. James V. McConnell was given the Teaching Award. National Media Award winners were Jonathan L. Freedman, Edward Edelson, Kenneth L. Woodward, and Lonnie Carton. Other members of the APF are George W. Albee (Vice-President), Boris E. Cherney (Treasurer), Charles A. Kiesler (Secretary), Anne Anastasi, Albert Bandura, Donald T. Campbell, Kenneth B. Clark, Kenneth B. Little, Wilbert J. McKeachie, George A. Miller, and Leona E. Tyler. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

American Psychological Foundation Awards for 1977: Gold Medal, Distinguished Contribution to Education in Psychology, and the National Media.

On August 27, 1977, at the annual meeting of the APA in San Francisco, the American Psychological Foundation announced the recipients of the Gold Medal Award, the Distinguished Contribution to Education in Psychology Award, and the National Media Awards. William Bevan, President of the APF, made the presentations. Daniel Katz received the Gold Medal Award; Fred McKinney was given the Teaching Award. National Media Award winners were Alice Lake, Peter Chew, Joel Greenberg, Ira Flatow, and WNEW-TV, New York. Other members of the APF are George W. Albee (Vice-President), Boris E. Cherney (Treasurer), Charles A. Kiesler (Secretary), Anne Anastasi, Albert Bandura, Donald T. Campbell, Kenneth B. Clark, Wilbert J. McKeachie, and Leona E. Tyler. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)