World psychology and the role of the Office of Naval Research.

Supports M. R. Rosenzweig's (1984) argument for increased communication between US psychologists and psychologists in other parts of the world and notes that Rosenzweig failed to mention the Liaison Science Program of the US Office of Naval Research (ONR), which promotes the exact type of international communication espoused by Rosenzweig. Liaison activities of the ONR are detailed, and problems faced by the ONR behavioral scientist (a post held by the present author) are identified. Three ways in which individuals and organizations (i.e., the American Psychological Association) can participate in and promote international psychology are suggested. (4 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Linguistic Isolation?

Comments on the S. Rosenzweig et al article (see record 1963-04105-001), which examined the effectiveness of the foreign language requirements for the PhD degree in psychology. Publication data from American and foreign-language journals are discussed, showing that that European psychologists are familiar with our research but we are not with theirs. The author suggests that one possible way to break out of this isolationism would be that APA journals including American Psychologist give preference to papers discussing research which has not been published in English. Such a step would serve a double purpose: (a) American psychologists would become familiar with, and interested in, research by their non-English-speaking colleagues and (b) they would have an incentive for improving and using their knowledge of foreign languages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Awards for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology: Mark R. Rosenzweig.

Discusses the contributions made by Mark R. Rosenzweig, recipient of the American Psychological Association (APA) Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology. Rosenzweig is recognized for his contributions to the promotion and development of psychology across the world, specifically through his numerous and widely cited publications which often involve international collaboration. A selected bibliography is appended. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Operation Babel: A survey of the effectiveness of the foreign language requirements for the PhD degree in psychology: Comment.

Comments on the S. Rosenzweig et al article (see record 1963-04105-001), which examined the effectiveness of the foreign language requirements for the PhD degree in psychology. Rosenzweig et al conclude that discarding the PhD language requirement is "a defeatist solution, not only in educational terms but in terms of current national and international needs for mutual understanding". The current author argues that it is defeatist only if the original educational goal-presumably that of preparing the student so that he can make use of works in other languages and "keep up with his field"-is still valid. The data on actual use of language skills suggests that this goal is no longer valid or necessary. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

International Education in Psychology: The Price of Success--Our Monocultural Science.

Introduces this special section of American Psychologist. Behind this collection of articles lies a shift in national attention comparable to that inspired by the 1957 appearance of Sputnik, an event that triggered an unprecedented commitment of U.S. national resources to the fields of engineering and foreign language and area studies. Repeated shocks to America's position in the world--as we Americans understand it--over the past five years have raised renewed interest in the unpredictable world beyond our borders. Bills to provide greatly increased funds for language training have passed one or both houses of Congress, the Fulbright programs held their own in the 1981 budget offensive, and the American Psychological Association (APA) was asked to join a multidisciplinary effort to call attention to the need of our students, particularly those whose field of study is human behavior, to learn more about the world. The five articles that follow were commissioned by APA's Board of Directors as part of a "Project on International Education in the Undergraduate Disciplines" supported by the National Council on Foreign Language and International Studies (NCFLIS) through a grant from the U.S. Department of Education. A major theme emerges clearly from the articles that appear in this special section. There appears to be general agreement among the authors that U.S. psychology suffers from insularity, perhaps born of the very great size of the "domestic market" in psychology in this country, For the sake of the science, however, and to increase its scope of application, the authors urge that U.S. psychologists reach out toward a more truly international science, one fully sensitive to the powerful, multiform variable of culture. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A criticism of Rosenzweig's Babel.

Comments on the article "Operation Babel: A survey of the effectiveness of the foreign language requirements for the PhD degree in psychology" by S. Rosenzweig et al (Amer. Psychologist, 1962, 17, 237-243; see record 1963-04105-001). While interesting and stimulating to the amphitheater spectator, the aforementioned article was not a complete success. The current authors believe that the data collected by Rosenzweig do not lead to his conclusions. If his data are to support his philosophy, then another exploratory operation is deemed advisable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Romantic versus realistic views of psychology.

Comments on the article by R. J. Sternberg and E. L. Grigorenko (see record 2001-10045-001), which described an approach to psychology ("unified psychology") that is a multiparadigmatic, multidisciplinary, and integrated study of psychological phenomena through converging operations. According to the present author, Sternberg and Grigorenko ignored fundamental methodological differences within the discipline when they developed their concept of unified psychology. In addition, Sternberg and Grigorenko's conception of a unified psychology was achieved by extending the meanings of converging operations (W. R. Garner et al, 1956) and paradigm (T. S. Kuhn, 1970) beyond their original intent. Sternberg and Grigorenko flagrantly ignored striking differences among contemporary psychologists' criteria for truth or verisimilitude. Instead of viewing psychology within the context of converging operations and paradigms and holding the amorphous conception that psychologists "need adhere to no particular set of methods, to no particular field, and to no particular paradigm," psychologists should consider an alternative, more direct approach: explicitly stating both the nature of the psychological phenomena to be studied and as well as their intended mode of explanation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction: Diversity Within Unity.

Provides an introduction to the Clinical Psychology section of the current issue of Professional Psychology. This issue, as a whole, focuses on the future of professional psychology. This section, in particular, reflects the diversity of practitioners as well as their clients, describes a few settings in which clinical psychology is practiced, presents some of the external and internal conflicts and problems that affect both the present and future of clinical psychology, and offers some possible solutions. The first three articles use specific settings to describe some of the problems encountered by psychologists who work with underserved populations. The last four articles in this section depart from specific settings and focus on issues that affect the goals of psychology, the provision of services, the role of psychologists in training settings, and the hospital practice of psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Loosely organized "organized psychology": 1988 executive officer's report.

Reviews the important events in the American Psychological Association (APA) during 1988. Conflict and collaboration (CC) that ensued during 1988 is described; however, a brief history of APA shows that such CC has been present since APA's founding in 1892. This CC is ascribed to the range of diversity among psychologists as illustrated by the number of associations that exist. "Organized psychology" is defined and APA's role in organized psychology is discussed. It is noted that APA cannot meet all the needs within the field of psychology, hence the need for state, specialized, and international organizations, as well as other multidisciplinary groups whose interests intersect with psychology. APA as the largest association of psychologists in the world forms the integrative force in the loosely organized "organized psychology." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

American psychologists and psychology abroad.

Discusses the isolationism of American psychology and argues that American psychologists need to develop a world view of their science and profession. Such consciousness raising would best begin in undergraduate training and should include exposure to research of foreign psychologists through literature, international meetings, travel, and exchange programs, as well as cooperative research opportunities. Suggestions are offered as to how such exposure can be implemented. (29 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The dilemma of managed care.

Responds to the article by L. S. Brown (see record 84-21642) regarding managed care and false memory movement issues in social justice-oriented psychology. The current author argues that Brown abandoned psychologists be declining to think through how responsible and ethical people can work their way out of binds. Buchholz also contends that a greater call to unity and action among psychologists is needed to fight the dehumanizing and threatening effects of the HMOs and insurance companies on mental health service delivery. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Use of Foreign Language by Psychologists.

The present report is a supplement to the report of Rosenzweig, Bunch, and Stern (American Psychologist, 1962, 17, 237-244) on the use of foreign languages by psychologists. The present study, conducted at Humboldt State College, was in the initial stages of data collection when the Rosenzweig et al. study appeared in print. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

From the lab to the police station: A successful application of eyewitness research.

The U.S. Department of Justice released the first national guide for collecting and preserving eyewitness evidence in October 1999. Scientific psychology played a large role in making a case for these procedural guidelines as well as in setting a scientific foundation for the guidelines, and eyewitness researchers directly participated in writing them. The authors describe how eyewitness researchers shaped understanding of eyewitness evidence issues over a long period of time through research and theory on system variables. Additional pressure for guidelines was applied by psychologists through expert testimony that focused on deficiencies in the procedures used to collect the eyewitness evidence. DNA exoneration cases were particularly important in leading U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno to notice the eyewitness literature in psychology and to order the National Institute of Justice to coordinate the development of national guidelines. The authors describe their experience as members of the working group, which included prosecutors, defense lawyers, and law enforcement officers from across the country. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Editorial: Psychology in the Public Forum.

With this issue, I am pleased to announce a new section of the American Psychologist entitled "Psychology in the Public Forum," with Patrick H. DeLeon as the associate editor for this section. Psychology in the Public Forum intends to provide psychologists with perspectives concerning the public arenas in which psychology must exist. Such a forum approach should aid our understanding of those public issues that both affect psychology and provide opportunities for psychologists to bring their expertise to bear as scientists, as practitioners, and as educators. I am very pleased to have two quite distinct articles appearing this month to inaugurate this section. Senator McGovern provides a broad-ranging view from a 20- to 30-year perspective of a number of intertwined issues that have in his view influenced the course of our society, and Mary G. Hager covers science and health in the Washington area for Newsweek magazine. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology and United Nations human rights efforts.

The American Psychological Association Council in February 1987 passed a resolution declaring that "the discipline of psychology, and the academic and professional activities of psychologists, are relevant for securing and maintaining human rights" and resolving that "the APA applauds the ongoing efforts of the United Nations to defend and protect human rights and undertakes to recommend the main UN human rights instruments and documents to the attention of its boards, committees, and membership at large." To help to implement this resolution, the present article first provides information about the development of human rights concepts and instruments; treaties and declarations concerning torture are used as examples, and the impact of these international agreements is shown in a recent history-making U.S. legal decision. Second, the article reviews APA human rights policies and actions and offers some conclusions about them. Third, it calls attention to a number of specific international statements of human rights that are relevant to psychology. Fourth, the article suggests some further steps that APA could take to implement its resolution. Finally, it provides references to sources that include the texts of the United Nations' human rights instruments and information about them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology in the public sector: Addressing the psychological effects of combat in the U.S. Navy.

The response of military psychology in times of war or other great public crises may presage the success of the profession in less perilous times. The ability of public-sector psychologists to provide assistance and improve the common welfare during conflict or turmoil is generally followed by an increased demand for psychological services. This likely reflects the success of the psychological response during those crises, and it underscores the fact that psychological consequences of war or disaster require both immediate clinical attention and long-term policy development. The U.S. Navy serves as a model for public-sector psychological service provision. A brief history of Navy psychology is provided, followed by an examination of how Navy psychologists are responding to the issues raised by the current conflict in the Middle East and the problems associated with stigma in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correction to Haggbloom et al (2002).

Reports two errors in the original article by S. J. Haggbloom et al (Review of General Psychology, 2002[Jun], 6[2], 139-152). The errors are noted by S. L. Black of the Dept of Psychology at Bishop's U, Lennoxville, Quebec, Canada. Black calls for a reassessment and revision of the list. The original author responds with corrections. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 2002-02996-001.): The following A rank-ordered list was constructed that reports the first 99 of the 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century. Eminence was measured by scores on 3 quantitative variables and 3 qualitative variables. The quantitative variables were journal citation frequency, introductory psychology textbook citation frequency, and survey response frequency. The qualitative variables were National Academy of Sciences membership, election as American Psychological Association (APA) president or receipt of the APA Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award, and surname used as an eponym. The qualitative variables were quantified and combined with the other 3 quantitative variables to produce a composite score that was then used to construct a rank-ordered list of the most eminent psychologists of the 20th century. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology.

This article reports on the Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology, which is given by the Committee on International Relations in Psychology to an individual who has made sustained and enduring contributions to international cooperation and the advancement of knowledge in psychology. This year's winner is Mark R. Rosenzweig, who has been one of the most influential agents for the advancement of international psychology, and whose innovative research activities have very often involved international collaboration. A citation, biography, and selected bibliography of Rosenzweig's work are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Revue de Psychotherapies attention!

Psychotherapies attention! is a file of Quebec Science, by a group of mental health professionals--five psychologists, a social worker and a psychiatrist. The seven authors of this volume wonder about certain fundamental questions to which is confronts all psychotherapy: why? which? how? The book is divided into ten chapters. One chapter demonstrates how psychology is often used as instrument of domination; subjectivism in psychology is also addressed. The various schools of psychotherapy are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Participation of Psychologists in Foreign Meetings.

This article offers the author's observations on American psychologists presenting papers in foreign countries. He points out that psychology in the US has a different viewpoint, dealing with precisely defined variables, while psychology abroad deals with broad categories based on philosophic considerations. Although the program committees that select papers for international conventions are in many instances composed of foreign psychologists, usually such papers are chosen by abstracts, and the committee does not know the intimate details of the paper. The author stresses that American psychologists should know that the goals of the audience are just as important as their own, and by delivering talks that fit in with their own standards and not those of the audience, they are defeating their own purpose. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)