电气石/硅藻土基内墙砖的制备及室内甲醛净化

以硅藻土为主要原料,添加适量电气石粉和烧结助剂,采用超细湿式研磨工艺制备釉浆,并浸渍在硅藻土基多孔陶瓷表面及孔道,通过低温煅烧,制备电气石/硅藻土基内墙砖.结合X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等手段对材料进行了表征;以甲醛气体为目标污染物,探讨了材料对其吸附和降解能力.结果表明:所制备的电气石/硅藻土基内墙砖,硅藻土原始孔结构与颗粒堆积形成的孔隙构成了有机整体;材料釉层经870℃煅烧,电气石的结构和性能并未发生改变;电气石/硅藻土基内墙砖对甲醛气体具有很好的吸附和降解能力,1 m3的环境舱内初始浓度为0.303 mg/m3的甲醛经5h的净化,其浓度降至0.0782 mg/m3.     

电气石/硅藻土基内墙砖釉层热处理温度对其结构与性能的影响

采用固相烧结和低温煅烧工艺,制备了硅藻土基多孔陶瓷支承体。以硅藻土为主要原料,在釉料里添加适量电气石和烧结助剂,结合不同的釉层热处理温度,制备了电气石/硅藻土基内墙砖。用热重–差示扫描量热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对不同热处理温度下釉层进行了表征,探讨了热处理温度对釉层微观形貌与结构的影响。以甲醛为目标降解物,考察了釉层不同热处理温度下电气石/硅藻土基内墙砖对甲醛去除效果的影响。结果表明:随着热处理温度的提高,硅藻土原始孔洞减少,比表面积和孔隙率下降,电气石结构发生变化。850℃时材料的表面结构稍有破坏,强度较高,对甲醛的去除效果较好,1 m3的环境舱内,300 min甲醛去除率达到73.6%;升温至950℃及以上,硅藻土和电气石结构遭到破坏,材料对甲醛的吸附和降解能力下降。     

热处理温度对纳米TiO2薄膜光催化性能的影响（英文）

以TiCl4为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,采用水解沉淀法在硅藻土基多孔陶瓷上负载了TiO2薄膜。通过热重–差示扫描量热分析、X射线衍射对经不同温度热处理的样品进行了表征,探讨了热处理温度对TiO2晶相、晶粒尺寸等因素的影响。以甲醛为目标降解物,考察了热处理温度对TiO2光催化性能的影响。结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜由锐钛矿型转变为金红石型,TiO2晶粒尺寸由6.5 nm(350℃)增加到52.8 nm(1 000℃);经750℃热处理的薄膜组成中出现金红石相,温度升至1 000℃,锐钛矿型TiO2完全消失;经550℃热处理的TiO2光催化效果最好,在1 m3环境仓内,8 W紫外灯下光照240 min,初始浓度0.526 mg/m3的甲醛去除率达到95.2%。     

纳米TiO2/CNT/ZrO2膜电极的制备及其对2-吡啶甲醛的电催化还原

通过溶胶-凝胶法在Ti表面修饰一层纳米TiO2/CNT/ZrO2复合膜,采用循环伏安和电解合成法研究了复合膜电极在离子液体1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([EMI]BF4)中对2-吡啶甲醛的电催化还原活性. 结果表明,复合膜为多孔网状结构,粒径约20 nm的TiO2和ZrO2晶粒负载在管径40~60 nm的碳纳米管(CNT)上,纳米TiO2中掺杂ZrO2和CNT后电极催化性能显著改善. 在[EMI]BF4中,控制电位为-1.40 V,用复合膜电极作阴极,Ti(IV)/Ti(III)氧化还原电对作为媒质间接电还原2-吡啶甲醛为2-哌啶甲醇,平均电流效率为85.6%,产率为83%. 反应机理为电化学偶联随后化学催化反应.     

硅藻土基多孔陶瓷的制备及其对孔雀石绿的吸附和降解

以硅藻土为主要原料,添加超细电气石粉和烧结助剂(三者质量比为81∶12∶7),再加入聚乙烯醇为粘结剂,聚丙烯酰胺为分散剂,采用湿式超细研磨、半干压成型和低温煅烧工艺,制备了一种新型环境材料--硅藻土基多孔陶瓷.用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、压汞仪和Fourier变换红外光谱仪对该硅藻土基多孔功能陶瓷材料性能进行了表征,并探讨了其结构和性能对孔雀石绿吸附和降解能力的影响.结果表明:所制备的多孔陶瓷材料孔径集中在200 nm,比表面积为16.59 m2/g,孔隙率为41%;该材料对孔雀石绿溶液5 h的脱色率达到90.8%,相对于同一工艺条件下制备的不含电气石的硅藻土基多孔陶瓷提高了22.9%.     

负载型TiO2复合陶瓷膜的制备与表征

采用料浆浇注法制备了硅藻土－莫来石（K－M）陶瓷支承体管，溶胶－凝胶法在其上制备了负载型TiO2复合膜，并采用ESEM、压汞法、IR和纯气体渗透性能测试装置对其进行了表征。结果表明：TiO2/K-M复合陶瓷膜成膜情况良好，孔径分布比较均匀；支承体和TiO2膜孔径分别集中分布在2．01μm和37nm左右；TiO2膜层与支承体存在键联和相互作用；TiO2膜层的气体渗透为努森扩散和粘性流共同控制。     

用于吸附固定纤维堆囊菌的硅藻土基多孔陶瓷制备

以硅藻土为主要原料,采用添加造孔剂法制备硅藻土基多孔陶瓷,研究造孔剂大小、造孔剂用量、成型压力对多孔陶瓷性能的影响,通过正交优化实验确定最佳工艺方案。结果表明,在30目木屑造孔剂质量分数为2.5%,7 MPa下制得的硅藻土基多孔陶瓷性能良好,孔径集中在5μm,比表面积为23.55 m2/g,孔隙率为32%,机械强度为10.2 MPa,用其固定纤维堆囊菌进行发酵,埃博霉素B产量提高了42.6%,达到31.8 mg/L。     

不同活性炭陶瓷的吸附特性研究

分别用椰壳、煤质与木质活性炭粉和硅藻土为主原料,经配料、成型、煅烧等工艺制备了活性炭-陶瓷复合材料.探讨不同条件制备的陶瓷材料的甲醛吸附特性及抗压强度、体积密度、气孔率等性能指标.用碘吸附值、SEM、BET等手段表征陶瓷材料的性能和微观形貌.结果确定最佳配方为椰壳活性炭30％,硅藻土70％,煅烧温度为800℃,制备的活性炭陶瓷的比表面达到290.72 m2/g,碘吸附值为352.14 mg/g,含炭率为25.46％.在环境温度为30℃时,24h对甲醛的吸附效率达到8.3％.     

电气石对纳米二氧化钛结构及光催化性能的影响

以电气石粉为载体,TiCl4为前驱体,采用水解沉淀法在电气石表面负载纳米TiO2,制备纳米TiO2/电气石复合材料。通过X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪及光电子能谱仪对样品进行表征,以甲醛为目标降解物,考察电气石对纳米TiO2光催化性能的影响。结果表明:纳米TiO2负载在电气石表面后,其结构和性能发生了明显变化。经550℃煅烧,锐钛矿型的纳米TiO2晶粒由15.6nm降为9.3nm。TiO2/电气石复合材料中的O1s、Ti2p1/2和Ti2p3/2结合能比纯TiO2分别提高了1.35eV、1.32eV和1.27eV,而O1s和Si2p的结合能比电气石中分别降低了1.80eV和0.13eV。TiO2和TiO2/电气石复合材料在紫外灯下照射300min,甲醛去除率分别为73.3%和91.6%。     

纳米TiO2/硅藻土复合光催化材料的制备与表征

采用酸浸法对硅藻土进行了提纯处理,以四氯化钛为前驱体,用水解沉淀法对提纯前后的硅藻土分别进行了表面包覆改性,制备了硅藻土负载TiO2复合光催化材料.通过SEM、XRD等测试手段对复合材料的成分、物相、形貌等进行了表征,并用甲基橙溶液的光催化降解率对材料的光催化性能进行了评价.结果表明,负载在硅藻土表面的TiO2晶型为锐钛型,晶粒平均尺寸12 nm,纳米TiO2在硅藻土表面形成了均匀的包覆;这种硅藻土负载纳米TiO2复合光催化材料具有很强的光催化活性,对10 mg/L的甲基橙溶液1.5 h的脱色率达99%以上.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。