Design and operation of a very large ring laser gyroscope

The design and initial operation of a vertical square He-Ne ring laser G0 with a perimeter of 14 m is discussed. This builds on earlier demonstrations of the feasibility of large ring lasers (perimeter approximately 4 m) for single-mode gyroscope operation and with lesser pulling than navigation gyroscopes. With servoing of the rf excitation to yield single-mode operation, G0 gave a quality factor 1 x 10(12) and a Sagnac line with a frequency of 287.8 +/- 1.0 Hz induced by Earth rotation Omega(E). This has confirmed some vital questions over the feasibility of very large gyroscopes for geodetic measurements at the level of 10(-9) Omega(E).     

一种新型激光陀螺的检测方法

本文通过对新型四频差动激光陀螺输出信号的分析,给出了一种适应新型四频差动激光陀螺输出信号的检测方法。通过APD和高频低噪声前置放大器实现光电接收,通过集中选频放大电路进行滤波和放大,然后采用模拟乘法器实现自乘检波,并根据该方法设计了实际的检测电路。采用直管四频激光器的背向输出来模拟新型四频差动激光陀螺的输出,对电路进行了实际测试。通过测试,验证了检测电路方法的可行性。     

基于视觉的环形激光陀螺自动调腔系统

针对激光陀螺调腔,设计了一种基于视觉的自动调腔系统.采用基于统计的图像分析方法,对激光陀螺光学谐振腔中的光阑和光束进行定位.根据几何光学,分析了谐振腔中反射镜位置失调与光束偏移之间的关系,并设计了基于图像的闭环位置控制律,对反射镜的位置进行调整.实验表明,该系统能够完成对光阑和光束的自动识别,能够较好地实现激光陀螺的调腔.     

Precision stabilization of the optical frequency in a large ring laser gyroscope

Pressure-induced fractional changes of 10(-7) in the geometry of a large He-Ne ring laser gyroscope induce backscatter phase changes and thus a fractional pulling of the Sagnac frequency of ~5 x 10(-3). To counter this, the optical frequency was stabilized against an iodine-stabilized laser with a high-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometer and piezoelectric control of the ring perimeter. This scheme, although limited in principle by residual geometric asymmetry and in practice by low beam powers (10 pW), stabilized the perimeter to 2.4 nm (6 x 10(-10) or 300 kHz for the optical frequency) and the Sagnac frequency to 100 parts per million over several days.     

激光陀螺温度特征点选择及其补偿

为了提高激光陀螺精度,在大量高低温环境实验的基础上,对温度特征点的选择进行了对比研究,选择其最佳组合建立了一种实用的温度补偿模型,并用该模型对环境温度固定和环境温度变化时的实测数据进行了实时补偿。补偿结果表明,零偏可减小1~2个数量级,均值小于0.01°/h,基本消除了零偏随温度变化的趋势。     

Continuous-wave singly resonant optical parametric oscillator placed inside a ring laser

A cw singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (SRO) was built and placed inside the cavity of a ring laser. The system consists of a diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4 ring laser with intracavity periodically poled lithium niobate as the nonlinear gain medium of the SRO. When the laser was operated in a unidirectional mode, we obtained more than 520 mW of signal power in one beam. When the laser was operated in a bidirectional mode, we obtained 600 mW of signal power (300 mW in two separate beams). The power and the spectral features of the laser in the unidirectional and bidirectional modes were measured while the laser was coupled with the SRO. The results show that it is preferable to couple a SRO with a unidirectional ring laser.     

激光陀螺随机噪声参数估计和滤波方法研究

激光陀螺(RLG)中随机噪声是影响其精度的一个重要因素,针对其噪声的特殊性质,采用小波方法去除随机噪声,提高激光陀螺的精度。通过小波分析的参数估计方法获得噪声参数,并用小波阈值滤波方法去除噪声,对某型号的RLG的滤波结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

One-dimensional equations for a piezoelectric ring and applications in a gyroscope

One-dimensional equations for coupled in-plane extensional and flexural vibrations of a piezoelectric ring are derived. The equations are used to analyze a ring piezoelectric gyroscope. Free and forced vibration solutions are obtained. Resonant frequencies and voltage sensitivity as well as their dependence on rotation rate and other parameters are examined     

Doubled single-frequency Nd:YLF ring laser coupled to a passive nonresonant cavity

We demonstrate an original solution to obtain a single-frequency ring laser coupled to an external passive nonresonant ring cavity, which plays the role of an optical diode. This system provides more output power than systems with an intracavity unidirectional device. To the best of our knowledge, this work marks the first demonstration of a unidirectional planar ring laser at 1.3 microm. Using 12 W at 797 nm to pump a Nd:YLF laser, combined with intracavity second-harmonic generation, we achieve yields of 440 mW at 661.3 nm and 340 mW at 656.0 nm.     

谐振式光纤陀螺的数字检测方案及其优化设计

提出了一种基于 DSP 芯片实现的双频率数字调制谐振式光纤陀螺系统的闭环检测方案。在此方案中,利用带通滤波器从探测器的输出光强信号中提取其基波频率的正弦信号,通过相关检测原理去掉干扰的噪声,并利用低通滤波器提取与探测器输出光强幅度直接成正比的直流信号,将其转换成相应的谐振频差,利用此频差即可求得陀螺的旋转角速度。此方案检测线路简单,操作方便,基于 DSP 芯片的实现则大大提高了系统处理速度。同时,还利用 Matlab 软件对检测系统中的滤波器参数进行了优化设计,提高了系统的检测精度。     

Mode selection in an ultralarge ring laser gyro

A significant operational difficulty with very large ring laser gyroscopes is the length of time required to achieve the desired single-mode configuration. A control technique has been developed where the order of mode splitting between corotating beams is alternated. Theoretical advantages to this are the elimination of noise caused by variations in perimeter and systematic error caused by Adler pulling. External seeding of mode configurations has been proposed to allow the technique to work fast enough to eliminate known sources of perimeter perturbations. While investigating the intensity requirements for this concept, we found that the operating mode of a large ring laser can be successfully self-seeded with seed beams of near (6±3) single photon cavity mode population.     

A generic passive matching network for multiplexers

A systematic approach to matching an arbitrary number of bulk acoustic wave or surface acoustic wave filters is proposed. The filters can be modeled as capacitor networks at frequencies above and below their passbands. The generic matching network consists of a single shunt inductor (or a transmission line) and series capacitors in front of each filter.     

Use of a ring laser for angle measurements

Measurement Techniques -     

Analysis of polarization properties of a mode-locked fiber laser gyroscope

We investigated the polarization characteristics of a mode-locked fiber laser gyroscope (MLPLG) formed with a Nd-doped fiber as an optical gain medium and a Sagnac loop mirror. The output pulse patterns and the polarization states were found to be determined by fiber birefringence in the different sections of the MLPLG. We describe the conditions for the MLPLG to operate with automatic reciprocity leading to the possibility of phase-error-free operation.     

Loss of a passive impurity in a turbulent vortex ring

A diffusion boundary-layer approximation is used to obtain an analytic solution to the problem of the loss of a passive impurity by a turbulent vortex ring.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizlcheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 31–39, January, 1986.     

Fiber ring laser with a feedback mirror

We describe the spectral and power features of a ytterbium-doped double-clad photonic crystal fiber laser that is operated in a ring configuration with an external mirror that feeds back only one of its two output beams. We compare the operation of the laser with and without an external feedback mirror. We find that the feedback mirror reduces significantly the spectral and power fluctuations. It is also responsible for an interesting spectral phenomenon: The laser frequency is drifting periodically over 9 nm at a rate of 2 nm/s from a short wavelength to a longer wavelength and vice versa.     

Nonlinear oscillations in a thin ring — I. Three-wave resonant interactions

Summary Nonlinear resonant interactions between planar waves in a thin circular ring are investigated. It is found that a high-frequency azimuthal wave is unstable against a pair of secondary low-frequency waves. The secondary waves are of two types; either two bending or azimuthal and bending. These are in phase with the primary wave. All three together compose a resonant triad. Such kind of instability causes the stress amplification in the ring. The stress growth constant and the period of energy exchange between the waves are estimated based on analytical solutions to the evolution equations driving the triad. The lowest-order nonlinear approximation analysis predicts stability for bending waves. A good qualitative agreement of the obtained results with some known experimental data is observed.     

Low-power resonant laser ablation of copper

We emphasize two points: (l) the properties and mechanisms of very low-fluence ablation of copper surfaces and (2) the sensitivity and selectivity of resonant laser ablation (RLA). We present results for ablation of bulk copper and copper thin films; spot-size effects; the effects of surface-sample preparation and beam polarization; and an accurate measurement of material removal rates, typically ≤ 10(-3) ? at 35 mJ/cm(2). Velocity distributions were Maxwellian, with peak velocities ≈ 1-2 × 10(5) cm/s. In addition, we discuss the production of diffractionlike surface features, and the probable participation of nonthermal desorption mechanisms. RLA is shown to be a sensitive and useful diagnostic for studies of low-fluence laser-material interactions.