小麦秆锈病流行的简要模拟模型研究(Ⅰ)一日传染率、潜育期和显症率子模型的建立

通过定量研究和统计分析,找出了影响日传染率和潜育期（显症率）的主导因子。经多元逐步回归建立了日传染率的回归方程,Ｒ１＝０．５０４８＋０．０３４３７ＤＴｉ＋１．９８９＊１０３''ＤＰｉ＊ＤＴｉ＋０．４８５９Ｌｎ（Ｗｌｉ）;Ｒ２＝０．０３６０＋０．２７９９ｓｑｒ（ＤＰｉ）＋０．０３８４ＤＴｉ＋０．７６８０Ｌｎ（ＷＩｉ）;Ｒ３＝－０．９０２７＋０．２５６７ｓｑｒ（ＤＰｉ）＋０．０３９３４ＤＴｉ＋０．８８１２Ｌｎ（ＷＩｉ）。其中,Ｒ１,Ｒ２,Ｒ３分别代表病茎秆、茎秆病斑和叶片病斑的日传染率;ＤＰｉ,ＤＴｉ,ＷＩｉ分别代表露时、露温和风速。显症率采用了方程ＰＰ＝ｓｉｎ２（－１１８．６５＋１．２０８９ＴＴ）进行拟合,ＰＰ为累积显症率,ＴＴ为累积有效积温。     

小麦秆锈病流行的简要模拟模型研究（Ⅰ）：日传染率,潜育期 …

通过定量研究和统计分析,找出了影响日传染率和潜育期（显症率）的主导因子。经多元回归建立了日传染率的回归方程,Ｒ１＝０．５０４８＋３．３４３７ＤＴｉ＋１．９８９１０＾３ＤＰｉＤＴｉ＋０．４８５９Ｌｎ（ＷＩｉ）;Ｒ２＝０．０３６０＋０．２７９９ｓｑｒ（ＤＰｉ）＋０．０３８４ＤＴ９＋０．７６８０Ｌｎ（ＷＩｉ）;Ｒ３＝－０．９０２７＋０．２５６７ｓｑｒ（ＤＰｉ）＋０．０３９３４ＤＴｉ＋０．８８１２Ｌｎ（Ｗ     

一般化超立方网络的容错寻径算法

本文研究一般化超立方网络（ＧＨＣ）的容错寻径算法。给定一个一般化超立方网络Ｇ（ｍ，ｒ）：Ｎ＝ｍ＾ｒ（ｍ≥２，ｒ≥１），Ｆ为其故障结点集合，且Ｇ（ｍ，ｒ）－Ｆ是连通的，Ｓ和Ｄ是Ｇ（ｍ，ｒ）中任意两个非故障结点，其汉明距离Ｈ（Ｓ，Ｄ）＝ｈ，则当故障结点的个数│Ｆ│〈ｄ，一定存在一条长度≤ｈ＋２的非故障路径Ｐ（Ｓ，Ｄ），而当ｄ≤│Ｆ│〈ｍ（ｄ－ｍ＋１）时，一定存在一条长度≤ｈ＋４ｍ－２的非故障路径Ｐ（Ｓ     

葡萄糖脱氢酶传感器的研制及应用

本文报道了以甲苯胺兰键合修饰浸蜡石墨电极为基体电极，将葡萄糖脱氢酶（ＧＤＨ），烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（ＮＡＤ＾＋）用戊二醛一起固定在蚕丝蛋白膜上，构成葡萄糖脱氢酶传感器。在ｐＨ＝７．４的ＮａＯＨ－ＫＨ２ＰＯ４介质中，该传感器与葡萄糖浓度在２．０×１０＾－５－６．４×１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内有良好的线性关系。响应叶间为２０ｓ。本文讨论了影响传感器响应电流的各种因素和测试葡萄糖的最佳条件。用此传感器测     

玉米弯孢菌叶斑病产量损失估计模型的研制

采用不同菌源梯度人工接种的方法,在田间造成玉米弯孢菌叶斑病流行动态不同的１８个发病小区,分析各期病情指数与产量构成因子之间的相关性,结果表明：玉米弯孢菌叶斑病对玉米面粒重、单穗重和产量都有显著影响,产量损失率与病情指数呈正相关,产量损失率最高可达３８．２４％,而病情指数对穗数没有直接影响。利用电子计算机ＳＰＳＳ统计分析软件构建了两个玉米弯孢菌叶斑病产量损失估计模型：（１）关键期病情模型（ＣＰＭ）,Ｌ＝２．８２１９＋０．７４０２ｘ１（Ｒ＝０．８７９９,ＳＤ＝５．２１４９,Ｎ＝１８）。（２）多期病情模型（ＭＰＭ）：Ｌ＝１．０７３＋０．４２６ｘ１＋０．１７０ｘ２（Ｒ＝０．８９２,ＳＤ＝５．２８９８,Ｎ＝１８）。式中：Ｌ为玉米产量损失率;ｘ１为授粉期病情指数;ｘ２为灌浆后期病情指数。     

从5．25″软盘驱动器安装MS－DOS6．0一例

从５．２５″软盘驱动器安装ＭＳ－ＤＯＳ６．０一例（６７５０００云南省楚雄人民警察学校）许兴华一台ＩＢＭＰＣ兼容机ＴＭＳ３８６ＤＸ，配有１．２ＭＢ＋３６０ＫＢ双软驱动器。笔者试图安装ＭＳ－ＤＯＳ６．０，原版ＭＳ－ＤＯＳ６．０安装系统，共计１．４４ＭＢ的...     

仔猪断奶腹泻及断奶前期限饲对增重的影响

开展了对３６窝２９７头断乳仔猪腹泻频率及断奶前期限饲对增重的影响试验。试验表明,仔猪多在断奶后３～４天开始腹泻,６～９天腹泻达到高峰,三周内腹泻面可达７９．３％;２３．６％的仔猪在断奶后一周内失重,平均日增重为－５１．６克;不同腹泻频率对仔猪后期增重差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）;仔猪断奶始重（Ｘ１）和前期日增重（Ｘ２）对保育期全程日增重（ｙ）相关极显著（ｒ１＝０．２５９,ｒ２＝０．４５９,Ｐ〈０．０１）,经回归分析,回归关系显著（ｙ＝２１４．３１＋１５．９５Ｘ１,ｙ＝３３９．２＋０．４８Ｘ２,Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

密技大放送

在一般状态下同时按住ＣＴＲＬ及Ｉｎｓｅｒｔ,再输入密技 ＯＤＤＭ＝战斗中按Ｆ５键补ＨＰ,ＭＰ,ＤＰ（每按次,就可以使用 必杀技且可以使死去的人复活） ＯＤＦＵＬＬＳＫＩＬＬ＝能学会所有的必杀技、魔法、技能 ＯＤＮＯＢＡＴ＝不会遇到机率战斗 ＯＤＦＲＥＥＳＡＶＥ＝随时存档 ＯＤＧＥＴＧＯＬＤｎ＝增加金钱,ｎ为金钱数值（要空一格）ＯＤＧＥＴＤＮＡｎ１ｎ２＝获得物品,ｎ１是物品代码,ｎ２是数量（最　是数量（最多９９） ＯＤＧＥＴＩＴＥＭｎ１　ｎ２＝获得物品,ｎ１是物品代码,ｎ２是数量（最　多９９） ｇｉ－－ｉ…     

聚苯胺修饰蜡浸石墨电极电催化氧化抗坏血酸的研究

以蜡浸石墨电极为基体电极在盐酸溶液中恒电位电解得到聚苯胺修饰蜡浸石墨电极（ＰＭＰＧＥ）该电极在醋酸－醋酸钠缓冲溶液中（ｐＨ＝４．４）对抗坏血酸（ＡＡ）的氧化具有良好的电催化反应，峰电位Ｅｐａ＝＋０．２０Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ，在下同）１．５次微分峰电流与抗坏血酸浓度在１０＾－１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内呈线性关系，可用于ＡＡ的定量分析，本文研究了膜厚度对电催化作用的影响和ＡＡ在ＰＭＰＧＥ上的电化学行为。     

多晶SiC薄膜的生长及其压阻特性

在Ａｒ、ＣＨ４的混合气体中用反应性磁控溅射法生长了多品ＳｉＣ薄膜。溅射靶使用了单晶硅片。ＳｉＣ薄膜的生长速率１０～４０ｎｍ／ｍｉｎ。Ａｒ的分压为６０ｍｔｏｒｒ（１ｔｏｒｒ＝１３３．３２２Ｐａ，以下同），ＣＨ４的分压为４０ｍｔｏｒｒ，衬底温度为７５０℃时，薄膜具有显著的多晶特性。杂质浓度、Ｈａｌｌ迁移率、电阻率分别为１０（１８）ｃｍ（－３）、１０ｃｍ（２）／Ｖ·ｓ、１０（－１）１０（－２）Ωｃｍ。压阻系数约为１５。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).