微波辐射法钠化改型贫杂钙基膨润土的工艺研究

本文立足于辽宁省西部膨润土矿品位相对较低的现状,首先对天然贫杂钙基膨润土进行了提纯,然后利用微波辐射法,在微波辐射强度为80W.g-1膨润土,钠化改型剂用量(M)为1g,溶剂50%乙醇溶液用量为8mL/5g膨润土,微波辐射时间(T)为3min的工艺条件下,制备出了阳离子交换量达110mmol/100g的人工钠基膨润土,操作工艺简便。     

用于合成油基钻井液用有机土的钠土研究

选用6种钠基膨润土,加入水和有机改性剂,用捏合挤压法改性成有机土。测定钠基膨润土吸蓝量、胶质价、流变性和滤失量。测定合成有机土在5#白油中的成胶率、流变性和滤失量。实验结果表明,钠基膨润土吸蓝量、胶质价和基浆流变性对改性有机土均有影响,其中吸蓝量和胶质价占主导作用,吸蓝量和胶质价越高,制得有机土越好。基浆流变性越好,有机土成胶越好。筛选出一种满足合成有机土性能的钠土,要求钠基膨润土吸蓝量≥36 g/100 g,胶质价大于等于98%,Φ600≥20,AV≥10,Φ3≥1,滤失量≤15。     

新疆夏子街钙基膨润土的高附加值开发

以新疆夏子街钙基膨润土为原料,进行了原矿湿法提纯、钠化改性及钠基土有机化改性及其应用研究.结果表明,湿法提纯前钙基膨润土的蒙脱石含量为91.79%,是一种高品位钙基膨润土,提纯后蒙脱石含量达到95.97%.钠化正交实验结果表明,NaF效果优于传统的钠化剂Na2CO3.在优化条件下钠化改性膨润土的阳离子交换容量(CEC)可达97.5 mmol/100g土,比原矿提高17.25 mmol/100g土.以钠化改性膨润土为原料制得的有机膨润土的粘度达到5.4 Pa*s.FTIR表明有机插层剂已进入膨润土的层间.XRD特征峰位移表明有机膨润土的层间距达到2.143 nm,比钙基膨润土层间距增加0.754 nm.SEM得到的结论与FTIR、XRD表征结果相吻合.将有机膨润土应用于涂料中,其各项检测指标均满足要求.有机膨润土对于金属离子废水的吸附效果优于钙基膨润土.由此可知新疆夏子街钙基膨润土的高附加值开发是可行的.     

膨润土钠化改性研究

膨润土可分为钠基、钙基等不同类型。由于天然膨润土以钙基为主,这大大限制了其在各个领域的应用,近年来对膨润土的不断研究和开发,进一步拓宽了其应用领域。本文从影响钠化的因素入手,通过对不同的钠化剂、钠化温度以及增效剂进行实验对比,最后优选出最佳的钠化条件,最终使得钙基膨润土转变成性能优越的钠基膨润土,并达到国家对钻井用膨润土的标准。     

黑山膨润土钠化工艺研究

以黑山天然膨润土为原料,采用阳离子交换树脂交换的方法对天然膨润土进行钠化改型,通过正交试验确定了最佳条件。该方法具有不引入阴离子或沉淀物、分离容易等优点,大大减少了后处理步骤。制备出稳定的钠基蒙脱石悬浮液,干燥后产品的阳离子交换容量是127.88 mmol/100 g,吸蓝量为42.35 g/100 g,蒙脱石纯度达到了95.81%。XRD衍射分析表明产品达到高品质钠基蒙脱石的要求,为其深层次的加工应用打下良好的基础。     

福建连成膨润土结构及性能的研究

采用XRD分析确定膨润土的晶相结构,并通过TDA分析,CEC测试,以及胶质价、pH值、吸蓝量、膨胀倍、比表面积等的测试实验,分析研究了福建连成膨润土的主要矿物组成及其理化性能,确定该膨润土为钠基膨润土,有着广阔的应用前景。     

福建武平膨润土结构及性能的研究

通过X射线衍射分析,CEC测试,以及胶质价,pH值,吸蓝量,膨胀倍,比表面积等的测试实验,我们可以确定福建武平膨润土的主要矿物组成和其理化性能,武平膨润土为铝(氢)基膨润土,适合制备活性白土。     

田东膨润土的湿法提纯工艺研究

采用湿法提纯工艺对广西田东膨润土进行提纯试验,研究了分散剂的类型及用量、液固质量比及分散条件对提纯效果的影响。结果表明田东膨润土最佳提纯工艺参数为:分散剂为六偏磷酸钠、分散剂用量为1%、最佳液固质量比为10∶1、料浆温度为60℃、搅拌转速为500r/min、搅拌时间为60min。提纯产物的胶质价为88.6mL/15g,膨胀容为90.5mL/g,阳离子交换量为95.8mmol/100g,蒙脱石质量分数由70%提高到97%。     

低品质膨润土提质改性技术研究

以江苏某企业的低品质钙基膨润土为原料,采用提纯-钠化工艺进行提质改性实验研究,系统研究了分散剂种类及用量、矿浆液固比、搅拌及沉降时间、钠化剂种类及用量和钠化时间等因素对提纯钠化的影响效果.结果表明,在分散剂选择焦磷酸钠、用量是0.6％、液固比为4:1、搅拌30min、沉降30min条件下,得到的提纯土胶质价为100mL/15g,膨胀倍数18mL/g,吸水率为140％,蒙脱石含量为76％左右;在以提纯土为原料、钠化剂选用焦磷酸钠、用量是2.5％、钠化时长30min、沉降时长30min条件下,得到的钠化土胶质价为950mL/15g,膨胀倍数70mL/g,吸水率为597％,蒙脱石含量为86％左右,性能指标提升很大.     

山西膨润土提纯、钠化研究及表征

选用山西钙基膨润土为原料,通过浸泡湿筛分级提纯,蒙脱石含量由40.8%增加到78.7%。在提纯土的基础上湿法钠化,通过化学分析、物化性能测试、XRD、差热分析和TEM等手段表征,当纯碱最佳用量为5%时,钠化后胶质价达到2195 mL/15 g、膨胀容达到96.5 mL/g,d（001）层间距从1.5546 nm变为1.2799 nm,钠化土的质量超过铸造土一级土要求。     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响.对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸...     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对胎面压出质量的影响

简要介绍了胎面压出的工作原理及工艺过程，对设备的配置及操作对胎面压出质量的影响进行了分析，并对压出过程中常见的质量缺陷、造成的原因以及解决措施提出了自己的见解。     

Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement

In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably.     

煤粉流动性对GSP气化炉气力输送的影响研究

针对GSP气化装置煤粉气力输送在试车阶段出现的煤粉锁斗下料不畅、发料罐输送性能不佳等问题,从原料煤性质和工业装置的改进方面出发,通过煤粉的流动性参数的测量与研究,分析出现上述工程问题可能的内在原因,并提出工业装置改进方法,为保证GSP煤粉气力输送工业装置的正常运行提供解决办法。     

关于建立火炸药安全数据库的探讨

由反映火炸药及其制品的危险性能和用于对它们的生产、储运系统进行安全评价数学模型出发,探讨了如何建立一个全面、实用的火炸药安全评估数据库。通过对此数据库内容、数据表示方法、数据搜索方法以及建立步骤的讨论,明确了该数据库的使用对象和主要功能。     

The effect of the length of the oxyethylene chain on the conductivity of the polyurethaneurea electrolyte

Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li⁺ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment T_g and the soft-segment T_m influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature.     

转子挤压组合凹模的应力分析

组合凹模的应力分析是一个非常复杂的问题，对其进行精确分析是解决模具寿命的关键。本文采用有限元分析软件Ansys对转子的组合凹模进行了分析，为转子组合凹模的优化设计提供了依据。     

Effect of the drafting force on the strength of the bottom of the spinneret

In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007.