含钒浸出液净化富集技术现状及前景

钒是一种重要的稀有金属元素,含钒浸出液的净化富集是目前提钒工艺中必不可少的重要环节之一。重点讨论了当前钒分离富集的常用方法--离子交换和溶剂萃取技术在含钒浸出液处理中的原理及应用情况,同时介绍了一些新的分离富集方法在含钒浸出液处理方面的研究现状,并展望了今后含钒浸出液净化富集技术的发展方向。     

除钒尾渣短流程工艺制备高纯NH4VO3

粗TiCl4除钒尾渣含钒2%~5%,具有较高的回收利用价值。为实现除钒尾渣中钒资源的低成本回收,提出了除钒尾渣直接焙烧—铵盐浸出—沉钒制备偏钒酸铵的新工艺,并开展了相关条件试验,重点考察了 焙烧温度、NH4HCO3用量、浸出温度、浸出时间对提钒效果的影响。结果表明：①除钒尾渣在650 ℃下焙烧150 min,获得的焙烧样中主要物相有金红石型TiO2、锐钛型TiO2、Al2O3、V2O5和SiO2,钒氧化率达78.12%, 可采用铵盐浸出实现钒的低成本提取。②条件试验确定焙烧样适宜的浸出条件为：NH4HCO3用量n(NH4+)/n(V)=2,液固比5 mL/g,浸出温度80 ℃,浸出时间30 min。在上述条件下,钒浸出率可达76.65%,浸出液V浓度 为5.71 g/L。浸出液经4次循环浸出后,V浓度提高至19.66 g/L。该较高浓度的浸出液直接沉钒,获得了纯度＞99%的偏钒酸铵产品,满足标准一级品（YS/T 1022—2015）的要求,XRD分析进一步证实其具有较高的纯 度。研究结果可为除钒尾渣中钒资源的短流程回收提供技术支撑。     

含钒云母工艺矿物学研究

为了更加清楚地认识钒在含钒云母中的赋存状态,为从含钒云母中提钒提供理论指导,采用能谱(EDS)、矿物自动分析(MLA)等方法对含钒云母进行了工艺矿物学研究。研究结果表明,含钒云母中含钒黑云母占94.33%,透辉石占4.61%,此外还含有少量磷灰石、绿泥石、正长石,以及微量的褐铁矿、钙长石、钠长石等矿物;主要赋存元素为氧、镁、铝、硅、钾、钛、钒、铁,其中钒元素全部赋存于黑云母中。     

河南某钒矿中钒的赋存状态研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱探针(EDS)等手段对河南某钒矿的工艺矿物学特征进行了研究。原矿化学分析结果显示,V_2O_5含量1.38%,属于高品位钒矿。矿物组成上,以石英和粘土矿物为主。样品中存在钒云母和含钒伊利石两种钒的独立矿物,钒云母特征元素为钒、镁和钾,钒含量不稳定,最小值为5.78%,最大值为9.13%,平均值为7.37%;含钒伊利石特征元素为钒和钾,钒含量不稳定,最小值为0.54%,最大值为1.31%,平均值为0.93%。钒云母和粘土矿物(包括含钒伊利石)同属层状硅酸盐矿物,其与含钒伊利石物性差异极小,无法通过物理选矿手段进一步分离,建议通过分离石英和层状硅酸盐矿物实现钒的富集。     

陕西某石煤钒矿酸浸液中钒与铁的分离研究

以陕西某石煤酸浸含钒上清液为原料, 先用石灰乳中和、硫代硫酸钠还原预处理, 采用P204+TBP+磺化煤油萃取体系萃取富集、纯化五氧化二钒浸出液; 采用不同酸度硫酸作反萃剂, 对负载有机相反萃取, 进行钒、铁分离。结果表明: 浸出液经石灰乳中和, 硫代硫酸钠还原, 控制溶液pH=2.5, 溶液电位为-200 mV, 当A/O=2, 经6级逆流萃取, 钒的萃取率达99%以上, 而铁萃取率仅为11%; 反萃剂酸度控制在1.0～1.25 mol/L, O/A=18, 经5级逆流反萃取, 钒的反萃取率可达99%以上, 铁的反萃取率仅为9%。反萃取水相中V₂O₅浓度为75.3 g/L, Fe浓度为1.2 g/L, 反萃水相中钒铁质量比为62.8, 钒铁分离效果较好, 满足后续提钒要求。     

富钒溶液直接制备高纯V2O5的实验研究

采用磷酸铵镁法净化含钒富集液, 脱除硅、磷, 考察了除杂剂加入量、温度、pH值、铵镁比、反应时间等因素对杂质去除率的影响。结果表明, 最佳净化除杂条件为: 100 mL含钒富集液中加入200 g/L的氯化铵溶液8 mL, 按铵镁比1.4加入氯化铵, 直接使用原溶液(pH≈10.2)于室温下搅拌净化30 min后过滤得净化液, 除磷率达到96%以上, 除硅率达到87%, 钒损失率可控制在2%左右。经过沉钒、过滤、洗涤、烘干、煅烧后, 获得了纯度99.93%的高纯五氧化二钒。经重复性试验验证, 此工艺稳定可靠、流程简单, 而且生产成本低, 可为高纯V₂O₅制备提供技术方案。     

钛白废酸直接浸出含钒钢渣基础实验研究与机理分析

利用钒钛磁铁矿制备钛白粉过程中产生的钛白废酸直接浸出含钒钢渣,最优浸出条件为: 浸出时间40 min、浸出温度353 K、酸度300 g/L、液固比9∶1,此时含钒钢渣中钒、铁、磷、镁浸出率分别为91.80%、84.70%、96.87%和94.66%。钒在浸出液中以VO²⁺和VO²⁺存在,可经螯合萃取实现钒的高效提取,萃余液中的其他金属可进一步回收利用。浸出渣主要成分为二水硫酸钙,可制备工业副产品石膏。     

四川某粘土型钒矿工艺矿物学研究

通过矿相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针、X射线能谱元素面分析等多种手段综合研究四川某地黏土型钒矿中钒的赋存状态。样品为铝质黏土岩,V2O5含量为0.93%。黏土矿物总量为61.7%,石英含量13.4%,黄铁矿含量17.1%。样品具典型的黏土结构,矿物粒度微细。钒有两种赋存状态,一种呈钒云母的独立矿物形式存在,另一种则呈类质同相的形式存在于绢云母和伊利石中。典型测点平均含钒量为0.873%,fm-5测点钒含量2.143%,为钒云母;fm-6测点钒含量0.138%,为含钒伊利石;fm-7测点钒含量0.333%,为含钒绢云母。与钒云母、伊利石、绢云母三者结构相似,且粒度极其微细,无法分离,故应作为一个整体单元来回收利用钒。建议通过浮选脱除黄铁矿,然后通过擦洗—脱泥的方式对石英和黏土矿物进行分离,从而实现钒的富集。     

对空白氧化焙烧提钒中影响钒焙烧转化率因素的探讨

<正> 含钒石煤提钒,当前存在的主要问题是如何提高钒的焙烧转化率和防止污染。我们曾对杨家堡含钒石煤进行了空白氧化焙烧提钒试验的研究(又称无附加剂提钒试验)。也研究了铀钒分离的问题。同时通过石煤中主要含钒单矿物的焙烧和浸出,来探讨     

四川某黏土型钒矿工艺矿物学研究

通过矿相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针、X射线能谱元素面分析等多种手段综合研究四川某地黏土型钒矿中钒的赋存状态。样品为铝质黏土岩,V_2O_5含量为0.93%。黏土矿物总量为61.7%,石英含量13.4%,黄铁矿含量17.1%。样品具典型的黏土结构,矿物粒度微细。钒有两种赋存状态,一种呈钒云母的独立矿物形式存在,另一种则呈类质同相的形式存在于绢云母和伊利石中。典型测点平均含钒量为0.873%,fm-5测点钒含量2.143%,为钒云母;fm-6测点钒含量0.138%,为含钒伊利石;fm-7测点钒含量0.333%,为含钒绢云母。与钒云母、伊利石、绢云母三者结构相似,且粒度极其微细,无法分离,故应作为一个整体单元来回收利用钒。建议通过浮选脱除黄铁矿,然后通过擦洗—脱泥的方式对石英和黏土矿物进行分离,从而实现钒的富集。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

2014 second batch of rare earth quota released

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矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片ANSYS模态分析及应用

高效节能矿用防爆对旋主要通风机的叶片是主要通风机运行的关键部件,叶片在运行时不断受到气流的作用力,从而使叶片产生振动,当叶片振动的频率与叶片的固有频率接近时,容易产生共振从而导致叶片的断裂。一旦叶片断裂时,对主要通风机的安全运行产生致命的影响,从而导致矿山、化工等企业发生重大事故,将会产生不可估量的损失。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对高效节能矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片进行模态分析及产生对应的六阶模态频率,对主要通风机叶片的运行频率、固有频率及产生的共振问题进行了原理分析,并且解决了叶片频率共振的问题,从而为主要通风机叶片结构设计提供理论依据,并对主要通风机叶片的安全运行提供保障。     

2013 NdFeB export analysis

<正>China totally exported nearly 24,000 tonsof NdFeB products during 201 3,including 18,825 tons of permanent magnet,valued USD 1.34 billion at an average price of 71.4 USD/kg;3,277 tons of NdFeB magnetic powder,valued USD 1 01 million at an average price of 30.9 USD/kg;1,334 tons of strip casting ribbon,with total export value of USD 74million at an average price of 55.3 USD/kg;and 586