本科化学实验教学体系的构建

本科化学教育科学最关键的组成部分,同时也是最基础的就是实验课,化学专业的部分教学也需要通过实验课的形态呈现出来.国家在进行工业发展时,帮助最大的基础学科就是化学,在本科化学教学中应该构建完善的实验教学体系,从而培养学生的思维与动手能力.想要实现对学生能动性的培养就必须加强本科化学教育,理论课程与实验课类反应的发生过程以...     

化学本科教育中科研素质培养的实践

化学是一门建立在科学实践基础上的学科,学生科研素质的培养直接关系到化学本科教育的质量。文章就陕西师范大学化学化工学院在本科生科研素质培养方面的所进行的一系列有益探索作以简要介绍。     

独立学院高分子化学教学改革初探

独立学院属于应用型本科院校,是我国本科教育的基础力量,本文结合独立学院自身特点,探讨了高分子化学教学与学习之间的辩证关系。高分子化学作为一门理论与实践密切结合的学科,为了达到良好的教学效果,对高分子化学课程教学改革的方向和措施进行初步探讨。     

浅谈西南民族大学本科材料化学课程融入科研的教学与改革

材料化学是化学相关专业本科学习中的必修课程,它交叉融合了基础科学、工程科学两个部分,不仅是材料科学不可或缺的一个重要分支,又是化学学科的一个重要组成元素.本文指出了在民族高校本科教育中,材料化学这一课程目前的教学现状,进而引发指出民族高校教师可系探索科研相关课程,将本科材料化学课程融入科研的教学与改革探索之中.     

应用型本科院校专业基础必修课的双语教学研究

应用型本科院校应加强人才国际化的培养,而双语教学是实现此目标最重要的途径之一。化学是一门中心学科,它的知识已经被广泛地应用于科学的各个领域。文章就《基础化学》课程的教学工作总结了应用型本科专业基础必修课双语教学的困境与出路。     

应用型本科学生物理化学学习与学习力的培养

应用型本科教育是一种新的教育类型,这种教育类型将培养出适合社会需要的应用型人才。物理化学是化学化工专业的"基石",正确对待物理化学的学习,对培养化学化工学生学习力大有裨益。学习力的提高,将增强学生在未来职业生涯中的竞争力。     

化工原理实验课程的教学改革与探索

化学原理实验课程是化学专业的一门基础课程,它综合了物理、化学、数学等学科的知识,是向专业课程过渡的入门课程,在培养学生中发挥着非常重要的作用。应用型本科院校的定位在于培养"适销对路"的大学生,使其掌握更有实用性的知识,以应对社会不同岗位的要求。为此,应当从应用型本科院校化工原理实验课程的培养目标和教学特点入手,提出教学改革的相关措施,培养学生的实践能力和专业能力,达到提高教学质量、培养社会型人才的目的。     

分析化学实验教学改革与创新人才培养

分析化学是一门关于研究物质的组成、含量、结构和形态等化学信息的分析方法的学科,是一门实践性很强的学科。分析化学实验是基础化学实验的一部分,实验教学在整个化学教学环节中占有特殊的地位。培养具有创新能力的人才是当前本科教学改革的重要研究内容之一。本文探讨了分析实验综合性改革必要性,以实现化学专业创新型人才的培养,并从教学内容、教学方法以及考核评价体系等方面进行改革研究。     

专业建设背景下应用型化学化工类创新性成果导向人才培养模式探究

对于应用型本科化学化工类专业人才的培养来讲，既要关注到学生的理论深度，同时又要关注到学生的兴趣度、应用性和创新性。通过对高校现有创新教育的缺憾分析入手，基于新工科及学科交叉的培养理念，设计出相应的创新人才培养计划，构建了应用型化学化工类成果导向式创新人才培养模式。通过几年的培养，采用成果导向式培养机制的融合式发展，已经收获了一定的效果。     

针对非环境化学专业环境教育课程体系的探索性研究

环境意识的调查结果显示,面向非环境化学专业的学生开设环境类课程,有利于培养具可持续发展环境意识的高素质化学人才。从非环境化学专业境类课程的课程设置、教学方法等方面,论证了新时期高校化学教育只有全面贯彻环境教育,构建出非环境化学专业环境类课程的教学体系,才能培养出更多具有可持续发展理念的高素质化学专业人才。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。