文理兼收高职药学专业有机化学教学探索

有机化学课程是高职药学专业必修的一门专业基础课,对学生学习后续课程具有重要的作用。针对文理兼收的高职药学专业有机化学课程的教学现状,结合专业培养目标、学科特点及多年教学经验,对有机化学的理论课教学从教学内容、教学方法和手段及教学模式等方面进行改革探索。认识到在教学中要激发学生的学习兴趣,注重学习能力的培养,才能提高教学质量,为后续课程的学习奠定良好的基础。     

农科类公共有机化学混合式课堂教学改革实践

有机化学是高等农林院校一门重要的公共基础核心课程,其覆盖面广、实用性强。本教学改革实践将在线学习教学模式引入课程教学,与传统的课堂教学模式相结合,分为课前预习,课堂精讲和课后测试、答疑、交流学习三部分。结果表明,混合式教学模式实现了以学生为中心的教学理念,有效地激发学生学习有机化学的兴趣,提高了学生作为学习主体的参与度,实现了学生学习实时化与主动化、教师教学个性化与精准化及知识的专业化与前沿化。而且该教学模式大幅度提高了有机化学教学质量,为学生后续的专业学习打下了坚实基础,同时也为其他农林院校有机化学的教学改革提供了新的途径。     

新工科背景下制药工程专业提升有机化学基础能力的研究与实践

有机化学在制药工程专业中具有举足轻重的作用,但由于该课程涉及内容广泛,化学反应多,机理多且复杂,理论抽象,导致有机化学教学活力有限。为提升制药工程专业有机化学基础能力,我校突破单一教学模式桎梏,整合设计LBL-CBL-PBL-RBL-TBL协同教学模式:以教师为主导传授系统知识体系(LBL),并结合实际案例辅助教学(CBL),激发学生学习兴趣;同时,以学生为主体提出问题(PBL),结合教材及多媒体查阅相关文献资料(RBL),分组合作进行分析讨论(TBL);此外,在有机化学实验教学中,建立相关实验问题库(PBL),分小组完成实验操作和实验结果分析(TBL)。这种多样化教学模式相结合,不仅增强了学生的主观能动性,而且培养了学生的思考能力、动手能力、创新能力、团队合作能力等。     

PBL结合实践教学在工科有机化学教学中的研究策略

本文探讨了如何将PBL教学模式与实践教学应用在工科院校有机化学课程中的教学方法。通过将PBL教学模式植入到有机化学教学课程,激发学生学习有机化学的兴趣,引导学生主动学习、独立学习,鼓励学生参与科研项目研究获得多种能力培养和提升的教学模式,将有助于提高本科教学的水平和质量。     

提高有机化学课程教学效果的几点体会

有机化学是大学化学专业的重要基础课程,有机化学的教学效果直接影响学生后续课程的学习质量。本文浅议了改善教学方法、培养学生兴趣、多媒体与板书恰当结合以及互动式教学等几种有助于提高有机化学教学效果的方法。     

基于慕课的融合式教学在有机化学实验中的应用

传统的有机化学实验课堂教学存在学生学习兴趣不高和主动学习能力弱等问题。本文探索将慕课与传统课堂教学相结合的融合教学模式应用于有机化学实验课程中,有效衔接教师的引导与学生的主动学习。结果表明,基于慕课的融合式教学有助于激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生的自主学习能力,从而有效提高有机化学实验课程的教学效率及质量。     

引入精细化工实例改进工科院校基础有机化学教学

普通工科院校基础有机化学教学中引入精细化工实例,可有效培养学生对基础有机化学的学习兴趣,使学生爱学基础有机化学,了解基础有机化学对工程应用领域的基础性、前瞻性作用,提高学生应用基础理论知识认识、分析、判断、解决实际问题的能力,拓展其知识面。教师结合自身科研通过引入精细化工实例,提高基础课程的趣味性,避免枯燥与乏味,理论与实际相结合,能有效提高教学质量。本文提供了几个教改实例。     

提高独立医科院校学生《有机化学》学习兴趣

有机化学是临床医学专业的一门重要公共基础课程,是学生学习后续专业课程的必要基础。由于独立医科院校近年来生源扩招,学生整体素质下降,导致学生对有机化学缺乏学习兴趣,并影响后续课程的学习。为此,我们结合多年的教学实践和自身教学经验,从学生、教师、教学方法三方面进行探讨,以营造良好的教学氛围,提高学生对有机化学课程的学习兴趣。     

提高学生学习兴趣,促进有机化学教学

有机化学课程是化学、化工、制药和食品等专业学生必修的专业基础课程,由于目前有机化学教材的内容编排往往使学生感觉到枯燥和乏味,有关反应机理部分的介绍也往往比较生涩,不利于激发学生主动学习的热情。针对以上在有机化学教学过程中存在的问题,本文结合作者在教学过程中的探索与实践经验,介绍了提高学生学习兴趣,促进有机化学教学的方法。     

多媒体技术在有机化学理论教学中的应用

有机化学是化学专业以及应用化学专业的一门必修专业基础课。有机化学课程内容较繁杂,理论性较强,抽象的知识点也多,是学生学习起来比较吃力的课程之一。根据有机化学理论课程的特点,结合教学实际情况,本文探讨了计算机多媒体技术在有机化学各模块教学中的应用及优点。通过在教学过程结合多媒体技术的使用,有效提高了学生的学习兴趣以及积极性,产生了较好的教学效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。