Effect of Zr, Mo and Y Adding on Microstructure, Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Au-Pd, Pt-Ir and Pd-Ru Systems

在Au-Pd、Pt-Ir、Pd-Ru系中分别加入Zr、Mo、Y 3种元素,研究稀有金属元素的加入对3种合金系组织结构及力学和电学性能的影响。合金相在真空高频炉中熔炼。首先用X射线衍射仪和金相显微镜对合金相的显微组织和结构进行分析,用电桥、涡流导电仪测量合金相的电阻率,再用AG-X100KN型拉力试验机测量合金相的力学性能。结果表明：稀有金属元素的加入可以有效地细化合金相的显微组织,并且提高合金相的熔点、密度、力学性能和电阻率,但是合金相的延伸率有所降低。     

Effects of Zr, Mo and Y-Doping on Microstructure and Mechanical, Electrical Properties of Au-Pd Binary Alloy

在Au-Pd系中分别加入Zr、Mo、Y3种稀有金属元素,研究稀有金属元素的加入对Au-Pd合金组织结构及力学和电学性能的影响。合金在真空高频炉中熔炼。首先用X射线衍射仪和金相显微镜对合金的显微组织和结构进行分析,用电桥、涡流导电仪测量合金的电阻率,用拉力试验机测量合金的力学性能。结果表明稀有金属元素的加入可以有效地细化合金的显微组织,并且提高合金的熔点、密度、力学性能和电阻率,但是合金的加工性能有所降低。     

Pt-Ir系掺杂Zr，Mo，Y对合金相性能的影响

在Pt-Ir系中分别加入Zr、Mo、Y三种元素,研究稀有金属元素的加入对Pt-Ir系组织结构及力学和电学性能的影响.合金相在真空高频炉中熔炼.用X射线衍射仪和金相显微镜对合金相的显微组织和结构进行分析,用电桥、涡流导电仪测量合金相的电阻率,用拉力试验机测量合金相的力学性能.结果表明:稀有金属元素的加入可以有效地细化合金相的显微组织,并且提高合金相的熔点、密度、力学性能和电阻率,但是合金相的加工性能有所降低.     

Cu-P基非晶态钎料基础性研究

研究了四元Cu87.6-x Ni8.3 Sn4.1Px钎料的非晶形成区,发现当x=11.9～16.5at%时,为非晶态合金。该非晶形成区比我们关于三元Cu90-x Nil0 Px钎料的研究结果要宽一些。还测定了四元CuNiSnP非晶态钎料的熔点、润湿性、钎焊接头机械强度、电阻以及显微组织随P含量的变化关系,发现随着P含量增加润湿性增加。而机械强度降低,讨论了其原因。综合所测定的性能指出,四元CuNiSnP非晶态钎料代替Ag-Cu基钎料的可行性。     

化学成分对高强Al-Mg-Si合金组织和性能的影响

通过电子拉伸试验机、扫描电镜、透射电镜等研究了5种不同合金成分对高强Al-Mg-Si合金组织和性能的影响。结果发现,5种 Al-Mg-Si合金微观组织、力学性能以及导电性能都强烈依赖于合金中Mg和Si含量。随着Mg、Si含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度增加,同时导电率呈现下降的趋势。Al-0.7Mg-0.5Si和Al-0.6Mg-0.6Si相比,虽然两种合金的Mg、Si原子总量相当,但是由于Mg/Si比不同,导致二者微观组织明显不同,性能存在明显的差异。Ce微合金化使Al-0.7Mg-0.6Si-0.2Ce合金的力学性能和电学性能获得良好的匹配,175 ℃时效4 h的抗拉强度达到325 MPa,同时导电率达到56.2%IACS。     

合金化和形变处理对Cu-Mg-Te-Y合金组织性能的影响

制备具有高强高导性能的铜合金,研究添加Mg和微量的Y对合金的组织和性能的影响。通过变形和退火等工艺处理后,Cu-0.47Mg-0.2Te-0.04Y合金的性能指标可达到：抗拉强度510 MPa,伸长率11%,导电率大于63% IACS。稀土元素Y的熔体净化作用、细晶强化作用和添加适量Mg产生的固溶强化作用能够提高合金的力学性能和导电率。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy melted in various crucibles

The main factors limiting the mass production of TiAl-based components are the high reactivity of TiAl-based alloys with the crucible or mould at high temperature.In this work,various crucibles (e.g.CaO,Y2O3 ceramic crucibles and water-cooled copper crucible) were used to fabricate the Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy in a vacuum induction furnace.The effects of crucible materials and melting parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were analyzed by means of microstructure observation,chemical analysis,tensile test and fracture surface observation.The possibilities of melting TiAl alloys in crucibles made of CaO and Y2O3 refractory materials were also discussed.     

Effect of rare earth on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Cu-30Ni alloy

Cu-30Ni-xRE (x = 0–0.213) alloys were prepared by a metal mould casting method. The effect of RE on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys was investigated using optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope with energy-dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical test. The results show that RE has obvious effect on refining dendrite structure and grain size, as well as on purifying the melting of Cu-30Ni alloy. With the increase of RE content, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation increase at first and then decrease after adding RE more than 0.095 wt.%. Cu-30Ni-0.095RE alloy possesses preferable mechanical properties, i.e., the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 308 MPa, 125 MPa, and 51.2%, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties are worsened with increasing RE content more than 0.095 wt.%. The improvement of mechanical properties of Cu-30Ni-0.095RE alloy is attributed to RE refining microstructure and purifying the matrix.     

B含量对FeCrCoNiMn高熵合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用真空电弧熔炼炉制备了FeCrCoNiMnBx高熵合金,并对其微观组织和力学性能进行测试。未加入B元素时,合金组织具有单一FCC结构的胞状晶。B含量≥0.05时(at%),组织由FCC结构和具有树枝状和纳米颗粒状(Cr,Fe)₂B组成。随B含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度逐渐增加,硼含量为0.2(at%)时,合金的抗拉强度达到最大值610 MPa,但延伸率只有7%。B含量为0.1时,合金的综合力学性能最佳,抗拉强度为550MPa,延伸率为20%。故加入适量的B元素能提高高熵合金综合力学性能。     

Joining of Cu,Ni, and Ti Using Au-Ge-Based High-Temperature Solder Alloys

Au-Ge-based solder alloys are promising alternatives to lead containing solders due to the fact that they offer a combination of interesting properties such as good thermal and electrical conductivity and high corrosion resistance in addition to a relatively low melting temperature (361 °C for eutectic Au-28Ge at.%). By adding a third element to the eutectic Au-28Ge alloy not only the Au content could be reduced but also the melting temperatures could be further decreased. In this study, in addition to the eutectic Au-28Ge (at.%) two ternary alloys were chosen from the Au-Ge-Sb and Au-Ge-Sn system, respectively. The soldering behavior of these alloys in combination with the frequently used metals Cu, Ni, and Ti was investigated. The interface reactions and microstructures of the joints were characterized in detail by SEM and EDX analysis. For the determination of the mechanical properties, shear tests were conducted. Mean shear strength values up to 104 MPa could be achieved.     

激光熔化沉积CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金组织和低温力学性能

采用激光熔化沉积和铸造技术分别制备了CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、金相腐蚀、扫描电镜(SEM)和力学拉伸实验等分析手段对不同方法制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金相组成、微观组织及力学性能进行了对比研究。结果表明:通过激光熔化沉积和铸造技术制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金均为面心立方(FCC)单相固溶体结构;采用激光熔化沉积技术制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金具有更为均匀的元素分布;随着温度从293 K降低到77 K,激光熔化沉积技术制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金的拉伸强度与塑性分别从518 MPa、55%提升到878 MPa、95%,表现出优异的低温力学性能。     

Effects of annealing process on electrical conductivity and mechanical property of Cu-Te alloys

1 Introduction Pure copper and copper alloys are widely used due to the high electrical conductivity, high heat transfer, corrosion resistance and excellent formability[1-5]. But the strength of pure copper is low and the strength gained during cold worki…     

COMPUTER NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TUNGSTEN HEAVY ALLOYS

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含LPSO相和W相Mg−Zn−Y−Zr合金铸造、力学和腐蚀性能的比较

为了开发新型铸造镁合金,研究含长周期堆垛相(LPSO)和W共晶相的Mg?Zn?Y?Zr合金.硬度和电导率测试结果表明,T6热处理的温度是合适的.与含W相的合金相比,含LPSO相合金的热裂敏感性更低,这与合金的凝固区间有关.然而,两者具有相同的流动性.在T6条件下,增加Y含量可以提高合金的屈服强度,但合金的其他拉伸性能基...     

固相再生ZM6镁合金的力学性能和断裂行为

采用扫描电子显微镜及万能拉伸试验机观察和研究了由固相再生法得到的ZM6镁合金棒材的力学性能和断裂行为.结果表明,所有挤压材的力学性能均高于铸态的力学性能,挤压+T4状态的合金塑性最好.时效处理使抗拉强度和屈服强度提高.     

镁/钢异种合金激光深熔钎焊工艺特性

以AZ31镁合金和Q235钢为研究对象,采用激光深熔钎焊的方法进行工艺试验,获得了具有熔焊和钎焊双重性能的复合型接头.同时,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和拉申试验机对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,在接头界面的上部,液态镁合金对碳钢产生部分溶蚀作用,导致碳钢微量熔化;在接头界面的中下部,未见碳钢的熔化,熔...     

Progress in the design of new lead-free solder alloys

Various alloy design approaches have been employed to develop new lead-free solder alloys that can not only substitute for the lead-tin solders, but also offer significantly improved mechanical properties. Three new alloys are described in this article. In Sn-3.5Ag-1Zn (melting point ~217°C), the solidification structure and the eutectic precipitate morphology are6 refined by the addition of zinc. As a result, a high-strength, high-ductility solder with significantly improved creep resistance is obtained. In Bi-43Sn+2.5Fe, a eutectic alloy (melting point ~137°C), dispersion hardening by magnetically distributed iron particles retards both high-temperature deformation and microstructural coarsening, thus widening the useful service range of Bi-Sn eutectic alloys to much higher homologous temperatures than are typical for the Sn-Pb eutectic alloy. Lastly, Sn-Zn-In based alloys (melting point ~185°C) have been developed for consideration as a drop-in replacement for the neareutectic Sn-Pb alloy(melting point ~183°C).     

Effects of Cu addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn magnesium alloy

The application of Mg-Zn binary alloys is restricted due to their developed dendritic microstructure and poor mechanical properties. In this study, an alloying method was used to improve the mechanical properties of Mg-Zn alloy. The Mg-6Zn magnesium alloys microalloyed with varying Cu content(0, 0.8, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5wt.%) were fabricated by permanent mould casting, and the effects of Cu content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn alloys were studied using OM, SEM, XRD and tensile tests at room temperature. The obtained results show that the addition of Cu not only can refine the grains effectively, but also can modify the eutectic morphology and improve the mechanical properties of the alloys. The main phases of the studied alloys include α-Mg, MgZn_2, Mg_2Cu and CuMgZn. When the content of Cu exceeds 0.8wt.%, Mg_2Cu phase appears. Meanwhile, the eutectic morphology is modified into dendritic shape or lamellar structure, which has an adverse effect on the tensile properties. Furthermore, among the investigated alloys, the alloy containing 0.8% Cu shows an optimalultimate tensile strength of 196 MPa, while the alloy with 1.5wt.% Cu obtains an excellent elongation of 7.22%. The experimental alloys under different Cu contents show distinguishing fracture behaviors: the fracture of the alloy with 0.8wt.% Cu reveals a mixed mode of inter-granular and quasi-cleavage, while in other investigated alloys, the fracture behaviors are dominated by cleavage fracture.     

不同处理状态下Cu-2.5Fe-0.03P合金的组织与性能演变

以Cu-2.5Fe-0.03P高强高导铜合金带材为研究对象,测试不同处理状态合金板材的力学性能和电学性能,采用金相和电子显微分析方法研究该合金不同加工热处理状态下的组织与性能演变规律及其时效析出特性.并在此基础上研究微量元素Fe和P在合金中的存在形式和作用机制.结果表明:Cu-2.5Fe-0.03P合金热轧后在线固溶态合金基本上为单相固溶体,合金硬度、强度和电导率较低,塑性较好,但还存在少数未溶的Fe相外,在线固溶效果有待进一步改善;软化退火后的薄带进一步冷轧并时效后,合金成品薄带的显微硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和电导率分别达到147 HV、456 MPa、271 MPa、10.7%和29.9 S/m;热轧-在线固溶-冷轧-时效态Cu-2.5Fe-0.03P合金中的Fe和P以Fe_3P和Fe相形式存在,合金的高强度来源于形变热处理产生的亚结构强化及Fe_3P和Fe粒子的析出强化.     

Effects of Homogenized Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrFeNi_(2.2) Near-Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy

A 4 kg AlCoCrFeNi_(2.2) near-eutectic high-entropy alloy ingot was prepared by vacuum medium frequency induction melting. The effects of homogenized treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi_(2.2) were studied. The results showed that all the alloys consisted of the primary FCC phases and eutectic FCC/B2 phases. After homogenized treatment, lots of precipitated phases appeared in the primary phase. The hardness of the as-cast alloy was HV296. The hardness values of samples were decreased and were around HV250 after homogenized treatment. The tensile fracture strength of the as-cast alloy reached 900 MPa, while the elongation was 18%. After homogenized treatment at 900 ℃, the alloy showed the most excellent mechanical properties with the fracture strength 880 MPa and the elongation was 29%, respectively. All the alloys displayed a mixture fracture mechanism, including ductile fracture in primary FCC phases and eutectic FCC phases, and brittle quasi-cleavage fracture in eutectic B2 phases. Through a simple heat treatment method, the strength of the alloy was not reduced but the plasticity was greatly enhanced, which was more conducive to the industrial application prospects.