基于相干技术的小断层识别

针对孙岗－下二门地区复杂断层分布特征,以高分辨率的三维地震资料为基础,将超道技术应用到第三代相干体算法之中,深入讨论了改进后的相干算法对小断层精细描述的能力。应用结果表明：由改进后相干技术获得的相干切片可用于分析研究区的断层平面特征,不需要人工判断和组合断层,大幅度提高断层解释的效率。改进后的相干技术速度快,精度高,大大提高了地震资料识别小断层及微小构造的能力。     

应用小波变换相干裂缝检测

相干对不连续体非常敏感,可以很客观细致的对断层、裂缝预测,而基于小波变换的相干数据体检测方法是利用小波变换和相干同时对数据进行处理,然后对处理后的相干数据体进行重构相干剖面,使信息更加详尽,分辨率进一步提高,有利于边缘裂缝的精细解释。本文介绍了基于小波变换相干算法的基本原理,应用该算法对断裂剖面进行了处理和对比分析,结果表明基于小波变换的相干裂缝检测剖面分辨率更高。     

地震相干体算法研究与应用

地震相干体技术是石油地球物理勘探的一项常用技术。本文首先对地震相干体技术进行简要说明,描述了五代相干算法的原理和特点,并通过编程实现了相关算法。通过模型试算,验证了所编制程序的有效性,并对各代算法的稳健性、相干效果和分辨率等进行了对比和分析;通过对比使用不同的分析窗口和时窗长度所得到的相干效果,分析了算法的窗口效应;最后展示了所编制程序在实际资料中的应用效果。     

地震振幅曲率属性分析与研究

本文首先简单论述了地震振幅曲率的基本原理,然后通过模型验证了该方法的有效性,最后使用该技术对实际地震资料进行了处理,并与相干和方差属性进行了对比,结果显示,振幅曲率效果较好,在一定程度上可以有效地检测裂缝,提高了解释精度。     

利用第三代相干技术预测松辽盆地北部深层火山岩体

目前大庆探区天然气勘探的主要领域是火山岩气藏。火山岩气藏严格受火山岩体控制,具有分布广、物性横向变化快等特点,但现在缺少有效确定火山岩岩体分布范围和相带变化的方法。利用三维相干技术可以有效地解决火山岩体识别难、相带划分不明确等难题。文章介绍了相干体技术的发展过程,分析了不同时期不同算法的原理及优缺点。并且应用第三代相干技术分析研究了某断陷内火山岩分布情况,刻画了火山岩体的外部形态,内部结构,展示了第三代相干技术在识别松辽盆地北部深层火山岩体的作用和潜力。     

用弯曲模型推导二组元复合材料杨氏模量新公式

用弯曲模型推导了适用于悬丝耦合弯曲共振法检测金属第二组元的杨氏模量的理论公式。通过实验数据计算。结果表明在两组元h2/h1≈1时与文献[2]的计算结果几乎接近，为用悬丝耦合弯曲共振法检测各种减振材料，陶瓷材料杨氏模量提供了理论公式；同时用改进后的弯曲模型推导出了适用于纤维复合材料横向杨氏模量的预测公式。     

复合材料筋混凝土梁裂缝开展试验分析及宽度计算

分析了光圆GFRP筋混凝土梁和螺纹状表面粘砂CFRP筋、GFRP筋混凝土梁的开裂机理、裂缝开展过程、开裂形态、配筋率等因素对裂缝宽度和裂缝间距的影响,同时对AC1440．1R-01推荐的裂缝宽度计算公式与其他公式进行了对比和验证。结果表明：AC1440．1R-01公式预测值与试验值吻合较好,并推荐了该公式有关参数的取值。     

相干体技术在东濮凹陷户部寨地区裂缝预测中的应用

本文从裂缝对地震数据相干体的响应分析角度,介绍相干体的原理和应用方法。从地震资料的选择到排除大断层和地层倾斜对预测裂缝的影响,进而确定了裂缝与相干体切片的定性关系,分析了裂缝在平面上的展布。最后,笔者认为,相干体预测裂缝技术会得到广泛的应用和提高。     

环氧丙烷生产技术的发展及评价

简述了环氧丙烷生产技术的发展，第一代氯醇法、第二代间接氧化法、第三代直接氧化法，并对它们进行了评价。     

利用Aitken加速法改进地震相干算法及其应用

利用Aitken加速的乘幂法求矩阵特征值,可以提高运算效率,将其引入到C3相干算法中,并对实际地震资料进行了处理。结果表明,Aitken加速法有效的减少了迭代次数,缩短了计算时间,并且利用地震相干体技术可在相干切片上直观的反映构造和断层的分布情况,效果较好。     

相干体分析技术在BST地区的应用

在油气田勘探开发中,断层解释的准确性和合理性直接影响构造成果的精度和开发方案的设计。相干体分析技术是目前解释断层最有效的方法之一,该技术已成为全三维解释流程中的重要组成部分。用相干体分析技术进行断层解释和组合,避免了解释结果的随意性,补充了因解释人员经验所导致的结果不合理性。在进行三维地震资料解释之前使用相干体分析技术,可以有效地落实断层的空间展布情况,避免断层的剖面解释和平面组合的多解性。在BST地区利用相干体分析技术,预测出了该地区的断裂系统分布情况,理清了该地区断裂系统中的小断层和大断裂之间的切割关系,对于指导断裂的平面组合,提高断裂识别的精度具有重要意义。     

二维机织碳纤维/碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料损伤分析

利用声发射技术全程监测二维机织C／SiC复合材料拉伸实验,通过声发射多参数分析法和断口显微观察,结合材料拉伸应力-变曲线,分析了二维机织C／SiC复合材料拉伸损伤演化过程和损伤机理。结果表明：材料拉伸损伤演化经历3个阶段：第一阶段为无损伤阶段,材料无损伤发生;第二阶段为损伤初始阶段．损伤主要为微裂纹开裂．并且微裂纹开裂基本上均匀发生在样品工作段;第三阶段为损伤加速阶段,损伤主要为宏观基体、界面开裂和纤维束断裂．井且集中发生在断口区域。损伤第二阶段与第三阶段的转换点在拉伸强度的76％左右,转换点的确定对二维机织C／SiC复合材料工程应用有重要意义。     

Optimizing multiple qualities in as‐spun polypropylene yarn by neural networks and genetic algorithms

This investigation considers a quantitative procedure for determining the values of critical process parameters in melt spinning to optimize the qualities of denier, tenacity, breaking elongation, and denier variance in as‐spun polypropylene yarn. An orthogonal array in the Taguchi method defines the minimum set of parameter‐level combinations that are experimentally tested. The significant process parameters, namely the third extruder barrel temperature, spinning temperature, metering pump speed, and take‐up velocity, are identified on the basis of the analysis of variance and F test. After a confirmation experiment is conducted to ensure the reproducibility of the experimental results, the back‐propagation neural network establishes a continuous system linking 10 process parameters and four qualities. The technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution can be used to obtain a performance measure for assessing multiple qualities. The genetic algorithm attempts to find parameter values for optimizing the quality performance, including the denier, tenacity, breaking elongation, and denier variance. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the smallest denier, largest tenacity, smallest breaking elongation, and second smallest denier variance of as‐spun polypropylene yarn can be achieved with the proposed approach in melt spinning. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2532–2541, 2006     

Using principal component analysis technique in the instrumental shade sorting of textile fabrics

In the present study, the CCC shade sorting method was employed with CMC(2:1) color difference formula on the colorimetric data (CIEL*a* b*) of 37 fabric color sets. The k‐means non‐hierarchical clustering technique was also combined with the CCC shade sorting method to increase its efficiency. The results of this combined method showed a slightly better performance, as compared with the CCC method. Also, a new proposed shade sorting method by the application of principal components analysis (PCA) technique was used to identify and remove the outliers in each of the color sets. The results of separating the outliers showed that although the diameter of group criterion was improved significantly, the number of groups, the number of singleton groups, and the number of groups with low samples were increased considerably. Finally, in a second new proposed shade sorting method, PCA was used as a data reduction tool on the colorimetric data of the 37 color sets. Then, the two first principal components in combination with a k‐means clustering technique were used for the clustering of the samples in each color set. The results of this second new proposed method were found to be similar to the CCC method considering number of group and fabric consumption criteria. The second new proposed method revealed a moderately worse result, with regard to the diameter of group criterion, than the CCC method.     

Image-processing-based automatic crack detection and classification for refractory evaluation

Crack generation and propagation in refractories is inevitable during their service life, which ultimately contributes to their failure. Accordingly, this study proposes a method that includes a watershed algorithm and classification criterion to quantitatively evaluate the fracture behavior in refractories. Additionally, to demonstrate the stability and reliability of the algorithm, its crack analysis results were compared with those of manual methods for alumina-magnesia ramming materials and corundum castables. The results indicated that the algorithm was capable of automatically identifying, extracting, and classifying cracks. Additionally, the type of crack propagation and its length and width were analyzed to determine the performance and properties of refractories. The proposed method was highly effective and accurate for the automated evaluation of material fracture behavior.     

地球物理技术在下刚果盆地碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用

下刚果盆地油气资源丰富,油气成藏条件优越,但主力勘探层系白垩系孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层的分布复杂、纵横向变化快,储层预测和烃类检测难度大。针对此难题,通过精细的岩石物理分析,形成了以井震结合地震相识别和匹配追踪谱分解分析等技术为手段的碳酸盐有利相带预测技术,建立了融相控建模、叠前联合弹性参数预测及物性直接预测于一体的物性预测技术。在此基础上,对远景目标以吸收衰减和拉梅弹性参数分析为主进行含油气性风险评估。形成了一套适合研究区及类似区域的碳酸盐岩储层预测技术系列,并在此基础上对研究区的碳酸盐岩有利储层空间展布进行了预测。该技术系列、方法和研究思路对类似区域的储层预测和烃类检测有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于双阈值AdaBoost算法的4-CBA含量软测量建模

针对PX氧化过程中4-CBA含量无法在线测量的问题,提出了一种基于双阈值更新样本权重的AdaBoost算法,该算法以BP神经网络作为弱学习器,采用轮盘赌方法根据样本权重在训练样本集中选择部分样本训练弱学习器,采用上一轮弱学习器的训练相对误差绝对值来更新所有训练样本的权重,在此基础上,用双阈值对样本误差范围进行划分,然后用不同的权重因子与原来的样本权值相乘实现样本权值的二次更新。该过程降低了含有大误差的样本的权值,增加了较大误差的样本的权值,从而减小了在下一轮训练过程中选到异常样本的概率。分别采用5种不同的方法并用实测的工业数据建立了4-CBA含量软测量模型,仿真结果表明用提出的改进AdaBoost算法建立的4-CBA含量软测量模型,其预测误差小于其他方法建立的模型误差。     

化工多采样率数字控制技术研究进展

由于多采样率数字控制技术具有提高控制效果、适应多种复杂实际情况等诸多优势,近年来受到了化工い领域的广泛关注.简要回顾了多采样率数字控制技术的发展历程,并分类介绍了多采样率数字控制技术的理论研究和工程应用现状;详细讨论了目前研究中存在的数据缺失、延时等热点问题,并对其当前主要研究方法进行了深入讨论:最后对多采样率数字控制技术的发展前景和未来研究方向进行了总体展望.     

Analysis of rubber pressure molding technique to fabricate fiber reinforced plastic components

A rubber pressure molding technique is developed to prepare fiber reinforced plastic components having complex shaped geometry. The technique is based on the matching die set, where the die is made of hard metal like steel and the punch from flexible rubber like materials. The use of flexible rubber punch helps to intensify and uniformly redistribute pressure (both operating pressure and developed hydrostatic pressure due to the flexible rubber punch) over the surface of product. The distribution of pressure was analyzed by ANSYS over a processing pressure of 0.5 to 50 MPa. The analysis was extended to find out the optimum hardness of rubber mold, where the pressure distribution is uniform. For this, analysis was carried out for NR vulcanizates where the loading of carbon black was varied from 0 to 75 phr, with an increment of 15 phr using the strain energy density function of two‐, three‐, five‐, and nine‐parameter Mooney–Rivlin, first‐, second‐, and third‐order Ogden, Neo–Hookean, first‐, second‐, and third‐order Polynomial, Arruda–Boyce, first‐, second‐, and third‐order Yeoh and Gent. 45 phr carbon black loading in NR vulcanizate shows best result. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:637–649, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

球形储罐CO2气保自动焊焊接技术

本文比较系统的介绍了球形储罐CO_2气体保护自动焊的设备性能、焊丝特点和工艺技术,以及在实践中对柔性轨道、焊接工艺等方面进行了改进,提高了焊接质量和效率。