益生菌的免疫调控作用研究进展

从益生菌对机体的非特异性和特异性免疫调控2方面进行相关论述,详述了益生菌在相关免疫调节过程中发挥的作用.     

乳酸菌制剂的免疫赋活作用

对乳酸菌制剂免疫赋活作用的类型、全身性免疫赋活作用及肠道免疫赋活的作用分别作了叙述。对乳酸菌制剂的免疫赋活作用机制进行了探讨。结果表明，乳酸菌的免疫赋活机制，首先是菌体刺激活化非特异性免疫赋活作用的巨噬细胞；NK细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性，其次为异性免疫反应的增强作用，产生肿瘤伤害性TC细胞。对乳酸菌制剂免疫赋活的意义作了论述。     

水牛初乳粉对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

用不同浓度的水牛初乳粉溶液灌胃免疫低下的小鼠,20 d后测定免疫指标。发现水牛初乳对免疫低下小鼠脾脏和胸腺具有保护作用,可以明显提高T淋巴细胞和白细胞数,提高血液中免疫球蛋白数量。结果表明,水牛初乳能提高机体的免疫能力,且对环磷酰胺所造成的免疫低下具有缓解作用。     

食源性生物活性肽的免疫功能研究进展

食源性生物活性肽通过调控体内信号转导通路并影响细胞因子的表达来发挥免疫调节功能。文章综述了多种食源性蛋白质水解物和生物活性肽对细胞、动物及人体的免疫调节作用,阐述了食源性免疫活性肽的作用机制,并对其应用前景进行展望。     

复合食用菌多糖的免疫活性研究

研究了香菇、灵芝、平菇多糖按一定的比例混合得到的复合食用菌多糖对小鼠免疫活性的影响。小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖试验结果表明,复合食用菌多糖在低剂量下即对小鼠细胞免疫功能有显著提高作用;非特异性免疫试验结果表明,对小鼠的非特异性免疫功能只有在中剂量组和高剂量组才显示出增强作用;体液免疫试验结果表明,复合多糖在低剂量下即对小鼠体液免疫功能有显著提高作用。动物体外试验和体内试验结果表明,在适当的剂量范围内,与单一食用菌多糖相比,食用菌复合多糖具有较好的免疫调节功能。     

当归补血汤对小鼠免疫功能的影响

当归补血汤是中药验方。按照我国《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》规定的增强免疫力功能实验方法进行试验,研究该方对小鼠免疫功能的影响。得出当归补血汤能增加小鼠抗体生成细胞数、血清半数溶血值,淋巴细胞转化能力、小鼠单核—巨噬细胞碳廓清能力、巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力、NK细胞活性、脾脏/体重比值、胸腺/体重比值,而对小鼠体重增长无明显影响。提示该方对小鼠机体的非特异及特异性免疫功能均有明显增强作用。     

鸡腿蘑多糖免疫功能的初步研究

对鸡腿蘑发酵液胞外多糖和胞内多糖进行分别提取,做其对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬活性和过氧化物酶活性的影响的研究,发现具有一定的刺激作用。其中各不同剂量组的胞外多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬活性有明显的增强作用,并且在实验剂量范围内呈随剂量增加而上升的趋势。另外,胞内多糖也有增强作用,但效果不明显,其中16mg/kg•d剂量组效果最好。胞内、外多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞过氧化物物酶活性也都有增强作用,并且效果与剂量关系呈倒“U”型,其中胞内多糖8mg/kg•d剂量组的增强作用最明显,胞外多糖16mg/kg•d剂量组最明显。     

免疫防御蛋白粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探究免疫防御蛋白(immune defence proteins, IDP)粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法将160只无特定病原体(specific pathogen free, SFP)级ICR小鼠随机分为4大组,每个大组设立0.41、0.83、2.50 g/(kg.BW)3个剂量组和1个阴性对照组,实验动物连续经口给予不同剂量受试物30d后,分别进行免疫脏器/体重比值测定、细胞免疫功能测定、体液免疫功能测定、单核-巨噬细胞功能测定及NK细胞活性测定。结果中、高剂量组小鼠足跖肿胀度明显高于对照组,显示IDP能增强绵羊红细胞(sheep red blood cells, SRBC)诱导的迟发性变态反应;中、高剂量组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数均明显高于对照组,显示IDP可增强巨噬细胞的吞噬能力。结论 IDP具有增强免疫力的作用,本研究对IDP的进一步开发和应用具有一定的科学价值。     

母乳中免疫成分及其对婴儿免疫发育作用的研究进展

人们对乳的研究有着悠久的历史,随着人们对母乳中多种生物活性物质认识的逐渐加深,科学家们发现这些活性物质不仅可以保护婴儿免受病原菌感染,而且还可以促进婴儿发育并调节婴儿的免疫系统。母乳是母亲的免疫系统向婴儿的转移。母乳中许多免疫成分的生理和保护性功能可以通过对婴儿及动物模型和体外实验的研究得以证实。本文综述了母乳中的免疫成分及其对婴儿免疫发育的作用,并主要论述了母乳中“传统的”免疫和非免疫成分对免疫发育的促进作用及对婴儿免疫应答的调控。     

葡聚糖的免疫作用及研究进展

葡聚糖是一类免疫多糖.其生物活性强、毒副作用低,属高效生物应答物,并具有抑制肿瘤生长、增强机体免疫力的作用.在食品工业、石油化工、饲料加工、医学、农学方面都发挥了重要的作用,尤其在水产养殖业中的作用更不容忽视.     

多糖对免疫系统调控的研究进展

多糖是一类重要的生物信息大分子,广泛存在于动植物和微生物体内。目前,多糖对机体免疫系统的调控作用已获得学术界的普遍认可。多糖对免疫系统的调控机制主要是与免疫细胞表面的模式识别受体如甘露糖受体、Toll样受体、Dectin-1、清道夫受体、补体受体等结合,激活免疫细胞,通过促进单核巨噬细胞的吞噬功能、调控淋巴细胞的增殖和转化、增强对补体系统的活化、诱导细胞因子分泌等实现对机体免疫系统功能的调控。此外多糖对神经-内分泌-免疫系统网络的平衡调控也是其发挥免疫调控作用的重要途径。多糖的生物学活性及其免疫调控作用机制一直以来是国内外科研工作者研究的重要课题。本文主要对近年来国内外对多糖基于免疫系统的免疫调控作用及其机制的研究进行综述。     

Folate status and the immune system

Folic acid plays a crucial role in DNA and protein synthesis, suggesting that every mechanism in which cell proliferation intervenes may be altered. Cell-mediated immunity is especially affected by folate deficiency: the blastogenic response of T lymphocytes to certain mitogens is decreased in folate-deficient humans and animals, and the thymus is preferentially altered. The effects of folic acid deficiency upon humoral immunity have been more thoroughly investigated in animals than in humans, and the antibody responses to several antigens have been shown to decrease. Conversely, the phagocytic and bactericidal capacities of polymorphonuclear cells have been studied mainly in folate-deficient humans. However results in this field are controversial. Alterations in immune system functions could lead to decreased resistance to infections, as commonly observed in folate-deficient humans and animals.     

Role of vitamin D in the immune system

Classically, the only roles attributed to vitamin D have been regulation of intestinal calcium absorption and maintenance of skeletal homeostasis. This review examines the new evidence describing a regulatory role for vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) in immune cell functions along with research that has linked immune cell functions with skeletal homeostasis. The possible significance of this evidence with respect to the parturient dairy cow is discussed.     

免疫淀粉微球的制备研究

以淀粉微球和人IgG为原料,环氧氯丙烷为活化剂,戊二醛为加固交联剂,制备免疫淀粉微球.以交联率为指标进行反应条件优化.得到免疫淀粉微球的最佳合成条件:环氧氯丙烷浓度20%、戊二醛浓度0.5 mol/L、反应时间9 h.并用荧光标记二抗进行体外免疫检测,计算了抗体交联量与淀粉微球粒径的对应关系.利用荧光倒置显微镜对产物进行形态分析,证明人IgG与淀粉微球产生共价交联.     

真菌多糖的免疫效应抗肿瘤作用机理的探讨

真菌多糖和多糖蛋白体是肿瘤免疫疗法的抗肿瘤活性物质，它们通过增强机体的非特异性免疫效应和特异性免疫效应达到提高机体免疫系统的能力，最终取得抑制和消来肿瘤细胞的效果。研究开发真菌药剂和真菌保健食品是人类治疗肿瘤以及提高身体素质的一种崭新途径。     

免疫失衡动物模型复制初探

为了进一步完善免疫失衡动物模型的复制方法,研究了不同剂量的环磷酰胺和氢化可的松对小鼠免疫功能的影响,并比较了二对各项免疫指标抑制程度的差异,结果证明,在相同剂量下,氢化可的松对小鼠细胞免疫功能和巨噬细胞吞噬功能方面的抑制力大于环磷酰胺,而环磷酰胺对体液免疫的影响要强于氢化的松,这提示了在复制免疫失衡动物失衡动物模型时,针对不同免疫细胞可分别选择不同剂理的环磷酰胺与氢化可的松作为诱导剂。     

Possibility of correcting the immune system by using food products

In experiments on August rats the effect was studied of a product, prepared by freezing and thawing of cabbage followed by inoculation of yeast and lactic acid microorganisms, on the primary immune response to sheep red blood cells and oxidation metabolism in peritoneal macrophages. The product significantly increased the antibody-formation and accumulation of antibody-forming cells in the spleen but did not affect the lumino-dependent chemiluminescence of macrophages stimulated with opsonized zymosan.     

Effect of supplemental vitamin E on the immune system of calves

The effect of vitamin E on immune responses of Holstein calves was investigated. Treatments were: 0,1400, and 2800 mg of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate given orally at weekly intervals or 1400 mg of dl-alpha-tocopherol weekly by injection. Calves were fed milk for 6 wk and then fed a complete calf starter ad libitum. Calves were on experiment until they were 12 wk of age. Lymphocyte stimulation indices were significantly higher for calves given the high amount of oral supplementation and for injected calves than for unsupplemented calves. There were no significant differences at any of the individual weeks between unsupplemented and orally supplemented calves. Injected calves showed significantly higher values than unsupplemented calves at wk 4 and than all other calves at wk 8. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of immunoglobulins G1 and G2 among treatments. Immunoglobulin M was significantly higher at wk 6 in calves given the high amount of oral supplementation than in all other calves. At wk 12, serum from calves given the high amount of oral supplementation and calves given injections inhibited infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viral replication in tissue cultures as compared with those of unsupplemented calves. In supplemental experiments serum alpha-tocopherol and lymphocyte stimulation indices of yearling heifers determined 7 d after a single injection of 2000 IU of dl-alpha-tocopherol were significantly higher than preinjection values. In vitro addition of vitamin E to lymphocyte cultures did not increase phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis.