光电鼠标在机器人定位中的应用

设计了一种基于光电鼠标的机器人定位系统,通过放置在小车前部的一个鼠标芯片获取X、Y方向的位移数据,经STM32单片机处理后形成坐标值,由TFT液晶屏显示出小车行走的轨迹。经实际测试,测量位移的误差在0.5%以内,能够满足机器人系统的要求。     

超小型水下机器人智能定位系统

提出一种新的超小型水下机器人智能定位系统.融合短基线定位声纳、电子罗盘、X/Y倾角传感器和深度传感器组成超小型水下机器人定位的硬件系统,使用基于构件的方法开发了针对超小型水下机器人定位系统的水上控制计算机三维虚拟显示软件.使用马尔可夫自定位算法在实测定位声纳信号的间隙推算水下机器人的位置,提高定位速度,使其与姿态传感器同步.设计了定位算法有效性的测试实验,结果证明算法有效.     

电子磁罗盘的设计与实现

文章简要介绍了磁罗盘传感器的工作原理，机电和电子磁罗盘的系统结构，电子磁罗盘的设计和实现以及电子磁罗盘在机器人定位系统中的应用。     

TCM3电子罗盘的特性与应用

电子罗盘正广泛应用于各类导航定位系统中。介绍了TCM3电子罗盘的特性,详细说明了TCM3的控制编程和航向、俯仰、横滚等参数的读取,利用TCM3和GPS组合实现在农业机器人控制平台上的导航应用。经试验测试,TCM3在农业机器人导航平台上航向精度为±1℃,能够满足大部分精准农业应用的需要。     

HMC5883L 电子罗盘的误差补偿系统设计

在已经设计的三轴数字陀螺仪、三轴加速度计、三轴电子罗盘与 ATmega128相结合的姿态测量系统基础上[1],设计了上位机软件获取机器人的姿态信息,此软件能够将获取的姿态信息进行分离。针对电子罗盘的角度信息受到周围磁场干扰比较严重的问题,使用椭圆假设法以及八方向二乘法对电子罗盘的角度信息分别进行了修正,并在不同的实验环境下测试了角度纠正的正确性。     

九轴传感器数据误差纠正系统的设计

在已设计的三轴数字陀螺仪、三轴加速度计、三轴电子罗盘与ATmega128相结合的姿态测量系统基础上,本文设计了一款可获取机器人姿态信息的上位机软件。由于电子罗盘的角度信息受周围磁场干扰比较严重,因此本文使用椭圆假设法对电子罗盘的角度信息进行纠正,并给出实验测试结果,验证了角度纠正的正确性。     

基于惯性传感器的室内惯性导航与定位系统

研制的轮式小车室内惯性导航装置和定位系统选用MEMS惯性传感器,实现小车在室内一定区域的导航和定位。该装置可以通过WiFi无线数据传输,将其所在的实时坐标信息发给控制终端,在PC或平板电脑上的电子地图中显示小车所处的位置。操作员也可以用PC通过WiFi对小车进行无线控制。实验结果表明,控制终端能对轮式小车进行位置显示和有效控制。     

基于GPS/电子罗盘的测姿定位系统

以MEMS-IMU/GPS/电子罗盘组合导航系统研究为背景,提出并设计了一种基于电子罗盘/GPS的测姿定位系统;针对电罗经启动后要较长时间才能稳定,而陀螺球转速高、磨损大、寿命短等问题,将GPS与电子罗盘组合,利用多种信息源相互补充,构成了一种有多余度和高精度的导航定位系统,具有高精度、稳定、小型化、易操作等特点;该系统利用微型单片机C8051F021作为中央处理器,功耗极低的iTrax03-02作为GPS接收机,数字罗盘HMR3300提供姿态信息,通过串口通信,从而实现实时测姿定位功能。     

四轮全向小车的惯性传感装置的设计

四轮全向小车因其载荷平稳和全向驱动的运动方向灵活而被广泛地应用于高性能机器人小车。为提高四轮全向小车的运动性能,设计了一套以DSP为CPU,由MENS加速度传感器、陀螺仪和电子罗盘组成的惯性传感装置。该装置体积小,价格低,结构简单,实时性好,能很好地实现小车的加速度、姿态角和角加速度的测量。此外该装置还通过小车电机的光电编码器实现里程计,以便在其后的研究中实现小车的惯性导航。     

电子罗盘在智能吸尘器路径分析中的应用

在智能吸尘器开发和路径规划过程中,直线行走和转弯所产生的偏差是影响路径规划的主要因素.为了适应行走路径的多变性,将电子罗盘应用到智能吸尘器的控制系统中,由单片机通过I2C接口与电子罗盘进行通信,采用Zig Bee无线模块将数据传输到上位机,通过Matlab进行仿真实验,并对直线行走和转弯偏差进行分析研究.实验过程精确得出了智能吸尘器的方位信息和行走路径,有利于优化路径规划算法和提高路径规划效率.     

Calculation of the robot trajectory for the optimum directional orientation of fibre placement in the manufacture of composite profile frames

This article deals with theissue of calculating the trajectory of the end-effector of an industrial robot in the manufacture of composites. In the introduction to the article we describe the basic approaches used in the manufacture of composites. Robots are used to define the winding orientation of carbon fibre strands on an uneven polyurethane 3D core. The core is attached to the robot-end-effector and is led through a fibre-processing head according to a suitably defined robot trajectory during dry carbon fibre winding on the core. The model of a passage of the polyurethane core through a fibre-processing head is described in the article. The placement of the fibre-processing head is defined in the basic Euclidean coordinate system E₃ of the robot. The core is specified in the local coordinates of the Euclidean coordinate system E_3, the origin of this local system is in the robot-end-effector. The positioning of the local system in the basic system of the robot is entered using the “tool centre point” of the robot. A matrix calculus is used when calculating the trajectory robot-end-effector to determine the desired passage of the core through the fibre-processing head. Gradually, the required rotation and translation matrices of the local coordinate system of the robot-end-effector relative to the basic system are calculated and subsequently the Euler angles of rotation are determined corresponding to the transformation matrices. This is used to determine the sequence of values of the “tool centre point” for defining the desired trajectory of the robot-end-effector. The calculation for the trajectory was programmed in the Delphi development environment. The article also solves practical tasks of the polyurethane core passage through the fibre-processing head. The calculations of the trajectory of the robot-end-effector were used as input values for the graphic software simulator and at the same time winding of carbon strands on the polyurethane core was verified for the calculated trajectory of the robot-end-effector in the experimental laboratory.     

Positioning and navigation of mobile robot

Positioning tracking is not a new idea as we have been seen from the ability of the GPS (Global Positioning System) to track the position of the object, in general with acceptable accuracy but the cost of GPS installation is expensive. However, in the case of detecting the exact position in signal-blocked closed environment (e.g. inside building, forest, mines and others); the accuracy factor provide by GPS is low. Thus, this project presents a positioning tracking system that is able to track the movement of an object within a small area or inside buildings. A complete set of the positioning tracking system consists of a pair of computer mechanical mouse and a microcontroller. From the position displayed on the computer screen, the position of the object can be located. The pair of mouse detects each movement of the object and sends the movement data to microcontroller. Linear, angular displacement and positioning calculation are also being discussed. From the results, it’s shown that the positioning system is applicable. However, some small errors are also occurred but in acceptable range. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

基于航空遥感图像灾害区域定位系统设计

灾害发生时为缩小所获取定位区域与实发区域间的位置误差,提升遥感灾害定位的实时准确性,设计基于航空遥感图像灾害区域定位系统;选取关键的遥感定位信号,借助CC2430/2431结构,将其分享至航空传感器协调器、增强型8051内核两类元件应用结构之中,完成灾害区域定位系统的硬件执行环境搭建;按照遥感影像区域计算法则,完成直角坐标系的旋转变换,再通过检测图像边缘的方式,完成基于航空遥感的灾害区域图像处理;在此基础上,设置区域修正节点与遥感盲节点,以用于验证定位指令的执行有效性,联合上级硬件设备结构,实现基于航空遥感图像灾害区域定位系统的应用;实例分析结果表明,在X轴、Y轴两个方向上,航空遥感图像定位系统所采集到的灾害区物理坐标值均与实发区域坐标值较为接近,与ZigBee型定位系统相比,确实能够缩小误差值结果,实现对灾害发生区域的准确定位。     

基于TDOA改进的矿山井下机车定位方法

为提高矿山井下机车的定位精度,提出了一种基于到达时间差（Time Difference of Arrival,TDOA）改进的矿山井下机车定位方法。采用超声波和无线电传播时间差实现测距,分析了测距技术在井下运用时产生的误差,并对误差进行补偿。为了修正机车定位过程中产生的位移误差,把位移误差化简为机车到节点的距离误差。通过规律性地布置节点和惯性导航技术,计算出位移后机车到节点的距离。使用最小二乘法估计出机车的初始位置坐标,并通过泰勒级数最小二乘法修正坐标实现定位,定位精度可达12 cm。相比于传统的定位算法,该方法增加了定位精度,且在机车不同速度下,保持了较为稳定的定位精度。     

Design of motion trajectory and tracking control for underactuated cart‐pendulum system

A cart‐pendulum system is a nonlinear underactuated mechanical system with two degrees of freedom. This paper addresses the motion trajectory design and tracking control problems for this underactuated system. First, a friction‐like control law is designed for the system. Then, the characteristics of the closed‐loop control system are analyzed. Second, a new method of constructing an optimal trajectory for the system is developed. Then, a tracking control law is designed to quickly track the constructed trajectory. It guarantees that the motion control of the cart‐pendulum system is achieved along a reference trajectory. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. This study constructs an optimal trajectory for the cart‐pendulum system in its whole motion space and solves the motion control objective by tracking the constructed trajectory. It has many advantages compared with other motion control methods, eg, the optimal motion control objective of the system is achieved by a single control law; and the motion process and transient characteristics (eg, the settling time) of the control system can be accurately predicted.     

Positioning device for outdoor mobile robots using optical sensors and lasers

We propose a novel method for positioning a mobile robot in an outdoor environment using lasers and optical sensors. Position estimation via a noncontact optical method is useful because the information from the wheel odometer and the global positioning system in a mobile robot is unreliable in some situations. Contact optical sensors such as computer mouse are designed to be in contact with a surface and do not function well in strong ambient light conditions. To mitigate the challenges of an outdoor environment, we developed an optical device with a bandpass filter and a pipe to restrict solar light and to detect translation. The use of two devices enables sensing of the mobile robot’s position, including posture. Furthermore, employing a collimated laser beam allows measurements against a surface to be invariable with the distance to the surface. In this paper, we describe motion estimation, device configurations, and several tests for performance evaluation. We also present the experimental positioning results from a vehicle equipped with our optical device on an outdoor path. Finally, we discuss an improvement in postural accuracy by combining an optical device with precise gyroscopes.     

A Mouse With Two Optical Sensors That Eliminates Coordinate Disturbance During Skilled Strokes

The computer mouse is rarely used for drawing due to its body-fixed coordinate system, which creates a stroke that differs from the user’s original hand movement. In this study, we resolve this problem by implementing a new mouse called StereoMouse, which eliminates the rotational disturbance of the coordinate system in real-time. StereoMouse is a special mouse with two optical sensors, and its coordinate orientation at the beginning of a stroke is maintained throughout the movement by measuring and compensating for the angular deviation estimated from those sensors. The drawing performance of StereoMouse was measured by means of having users perform the task of repeatedly drawing a basic shape. The results of this experiment showed that StereoMouse eliminated the horizontal drift typically observed in a stroke drawn by a normal mouse. Consequently, StereoMouse allowed the users to draw shapes at a 10.6% faster mean speed with a 10.4% shorter travel time than a normal mouse would. Furthermore, StereoMouse showed 37.1% lower chance of making incorrect gesture input than the normal mouse.     

一种基于光学鼠标的鼠标-屏幕通信链路的研究

为实现计算机与智能手机之间的数据通信,本文提出了一种利用智能手机作为发送端,光学鼠标作为接收端的可见光通信链路。光学鼠标可以看成一个集成了图像处理单元的光学传感器,它可以感知到智能手机屏幕上的图像变化。这种变化最终反映成电脑光标值的变化,电脑充分感知这些数据信息,再通过特定的算法将发送数据解调出来。系统将数据调制成手机屏幕上图片快速变化,接收方从光学鼠标输出的光标值中恢复出发送端的数据。测试结果表明,在没有添加前向纠错的情况下,通信速率可以达到2bit/s。系统具有低成本和便携性的特点,非常适合在一些近场通信领域里应用。例如在无电磁链路（WiFi、蓝牙等）的情况下,PC从手机获取密码等小量数据文件,同时这种方式也确保了传输的安全性。     

应用多个正交视角轮流逼近3维目标的坐标

为实现目标的快速、精确3维定位和跟踪,提出一种正交摄像机视频定位系统及其坐标轮流逼近的迭代定位算法。系统中平面摄像机光轴按照正交方式布置,拍摄方向均指向原点。不同于现有的大部分计算机视觉方法,本算法中没有影响定位效率和精度问题的图像配准操作。证明了迭代算法的收敛性。数值验证和实际试验表明,本算法计算简单、误差稳定性好,收敛快,因此具有良好的应用潜力。