30CrMnSiA钢在循环载荷作用下冷挤压孔边残余应变场变化初探

用实测方法初步探讨了３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ材料冷挤压强化孔边残余应变场在几种不同交变应力作用下的衰减变化情况。结果表明，３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ材料的残余应变场没有随外加循环载荷作用衰减的特性，但存在一个临界值，当孔边实际最大应力超过这个临界值时，孔边材料将再次屈服；当孔边实际最大应力低于这个临界值时，孔边残余应变场保持稳定，这个临界值的实质是使孔边实际最大应力恰好达到材料屈服极限。     

TC4板孔冷挤压强化残余应力分布与疲劳寿命

开展了不同挤压量下TC4钛合金板孔冷挤压强化有限元仿真研究,得到了挤压强化后最小截面的切向残余应力分布规律,分析了挤压量对受载试样孔边应力分布的影响,探讨了挤压量、残余应力和疲劳增益三者之间的内在关系。采用开缝衬套冷挤压强化工艺对TC4带孔板件进行冷挤压和疲劳验证试验。研究结果表明,挤压强化后的孔边切向压缩残余应力可以有效降低孔周应力集中程度,优化受拉试样最小截面应力分布,改变裂纹源的位置并延长疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展寿命,有效提高试样疲劳寿命。综合仿真和疲劳试验得到TC4板孔最优挤压量为4%。     

冷滚打成形中打入量对残余应力的影响规律仿真研究

在冷滚打成形过程中,当外加载荷逐渐卸去后成形件内部会出现残余应力,为了有效的控制其对成形件精度的影响,现针对打入量与残余应力之间的关系进行研究。依据冷滚打成形的基本原理,应用Abaqus软件建立了有限元动态仿真模型,通过仿真获得了不同打入量时工件表面Mises力的分布。由于动态仿真结果工件内部的力处于不平衡状态,不能直接进行残余应力求解,所以在动态仿真结果上建立了静态仿真模型,通过静态求解获得在不同打入量下成形工件在切向、轴向和径向的残余应力的变化规律。在自行开发的冷滚打设备上进行试验,运用X射线应力分析仪测量滚打后工件残余应力分布,进行冷滚打成形件残余应力的实验研究。通过对试件测量得到在不同打入量下制件沿深度方向的切向残余应力的分布,试验结果与有限元仿真结果对比分析表明,残余应力变化规律具有很好的一致性。     

提高斗提机链条链板疲劳强度的挤孔试验

高速重载斗式提升机链条，在交变载荷作用下，经过几十万次甚至一百万次以上冲击，最后的失效形式大部分是链板疲劳断裂，而国内外尚未见此类链条疲劳试验机的报道。开展链条链板的受力分析、挤孔后的弹塑性分析、残余应力的分析以及弹塑性状态下的位移计算等，为进行实际工况试验提供了理论依据；设计不同过盈量的挤孔芯棒加工链板，并对相关数据进行统计分析，进一步探究了挤孔过盈量的范围；对一定过盈量的挤孔链板进行拉伸试验，验证了链板的抗拉强度是否会受到影响。     

钛合金耳片结构复合强化工艺参数匹配研究

为了提高航空耳片结构疲劳性能,建立TC4钛合金耳片孔开缝衬套冷挤压与干涉配合复合强化有限元模型,分析了复合强化工艺参数对孔周塑性变形及结构疲劳寿命的影响。设计耳片孔周残余应力测试试验,验证了模型的准确性。复合强化工艺参数的研究结果表明:孔壁材料随芯棒的塑性流动使孔壁变形量在厚度方向上分布不均,弹塑性边界随挤压量的增长向耳片外侧转移;交变载荷下应力幅值的最大值始终位于孔壁处,且入口处应力水平最高;针对TC4钛合金耳片结构,3%挤压量与1%干涉量的复合强化工艺参数组合,疲劳寿命增益效果最好。     

压缩载荷对冷胀孔残余应力的影响

用考虑组合强化、增量理论的有限元法计算了２１２４－Ｔ８５１ 板件开缝衬套冷胀孔的残余应力场及其在压缩载荷作用下的变化情况。结果表明冷胀之后的压载循环将引起冷胀残余应力的衰减。一个足够大的压缩载荷能够使冷胀工艺给疲劳寿命带来的增益完全丧失。文中说明压缩载荷对冷胀的作用可以和超载后半周压载对裂纹的作用相比拟,建议在确定合理胀孔量时应当把它对所承受的载荷谱中压缩载荷的敏感性考虑在内,应当加强有关的疲劳对比试验研究及残余应力场测量研究。     

温热挤压用的凸模冷却润滑装置

由于温热挤压兼有冷挤与热挤的优点,在挤压中碳钢与合金钢中有着实用的意义,所以被广泛的采用。但是在温热挤压中存在着一个较严重的问题,即凸模在工作过程中受到动态的拉压交变应力及坯料的热作用,工作情况较为恶劣,因此凸模最易折断与磨损。为了改善凸模的工作情况,在凸模上提     

用小孔释放法测量焊接高残余应力时孔边塑性变形对测量精度的影响及修正方法

研究了用小孔释放法测量焊接残余应力时孔边的塑性变形对测量精度的影响。根据弹塑性理论分析了孔边屈服的条件，并据此得到了孔边屈服后应变释放系数的修正公式，使小孔释放法测量焊接残余应力的精度得到提高，并且扩大了应力值的测量范围。对平板对接埋弧焊焊接接头残余应力的实测表明，修正后的残余应力分布更趋于合理。     

残余应力的变化行为对疲劳寿命的影响

目前人们在进行疲劳计算时,或是不考虑残余应力,或是把残余应力作为一个常量加在疲劳设计的计算中,这是非常粗糙的.实际上,某些载荷如静载荷、交变载荷、甚至随机载荷的作用都会引起残余应力的变化。本文主要通过对残余应力的测试及残余应力的变化行为来研究残余应力对疲劳寿命的影响。     

链板强化的残余应力优化设计

链板的疲劳强度是影响链条使用寿命的一个重要因素。本文利用弹塑性有限元分析链板的残余应力，并优化预挤过盈量的大小，使链板残余应力分布最佳，以改善链板的工作应力，提高链板的疲劳寿命。在计算过程中本文解决了等效压力载荷问题，并考虑了销孔中心浮动问题。     

Residual stress field of ballised holes

Ballising, involving pushing a slightly over-sized ball made of hard material through a hole, is a kind of cold working process. Applying ballising process to fastener holes produces compressive residual stress on the edge of the holes, and therefore increases the fatigue life of the components or structures. Quantification of the residual stress field is critical to define and precede the ballising process. In this article, the ballised holes are modeled as cold-expanded holes. Elastic-perfectly plastic theory is employed to analyze the holes with cold expansion process. For theoretical simplification, an axially symmetrical thin plate with a cold expanded hole is assumed. The elasticplastic boundaries and residual stress distribution surrounding the cold expanded hole are derived. With the analysis, the residual stress field can be obtained together with actual cold expansion process in which only the diameters of hole before and after cold expansion need to be measured. As it is a non-destructive method, it provides a convenient way to estimate the elastic-plastic boundaries and residual stresses of cold worked holes. The approach is later extended to the case involving two cold-worked holes. A ballised hole is looked upon as a cold expanded hole and therefore is investigated by the approach. Specimens ballised with different interference levels are investigated. The effects of interference levels and specimen size on residual stresses are studied. The overall residual stresses of plates with two ballised holes are obtained by superposing the residual stresses induced on a single ballised hole. The effects of distance between the centers of the two holes with different interference levels on the residual stress field are revealed.     

小孔法测量残余应力时孔边塑性应变的有限元分析及修正

小孔法测量高残余应力时,小孔周围材料接近于屈服状态,由于产生塑性变形而引入塑性附加应变,使得测量结果产生很大的误差。研究了应变释放系数与主应力之间的双轴比、主应力方向与应变花方向夹角以及应力水平之间的关系,通过有限元数值试验的方法对应变释放系数进行标定,使其包含有塑性附加应变的影响,并利用标定后的应变释放系数对焊接残余应力测量结果进行了修正,得到了较好的结果。     

Prediction of fatigue life in cold expanded Al-alloy 2024-T3 plates used in double shear lap joints

To predict fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack growth lives in cold expanded double shear lap joints a numerical method has been employed. The total estimated fatigue lives were compared with available experimental fatigue test results for plain hole and cold expanded hole specimens of Al 2024-T3 in double shear lap joints. Three-dimensional finite element simulations have been performed in order to obtain the created residual stresses field due to cold expansion and subsequent far field longitudinal loading in the double shear lap joint. The obtained stress and strain distributions from the finite element analyses were employed to predict stress concentration factors to calculate fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack growth lives using AFGROW computer code. The predicted fatigue lives demonstrate that there is a good agreement between the proposed method and experimental fatigue test results.     

基于有限元分析的二维振动法应力释放装置设计

基于对二维振动系统的仿真分析研制了一种二维振动时效装置,通过振动特性检测验证了装置的可行性,并进行了二维振动法释放冷挤压孔周边应力实验。利用X射线衍射仪测量处理前后冷挤压孔周边的残余应力,通过对比发现二维振动法处理后孔边5 mm范围内应力平均消除率达到22.6%,最高可达32.2%;分析实验数据得出相位差是影响二维振动时效处理效果的最关键因素,其次是工件转速、激振时间、激振电压等。     

Influence of inclined holes in measurement of residual stress by the hole drilling method

The hole drilling method is widely used in measuring residual stress in surfaces. In this method, the inclination of holes is one of the sources of error. This paper presents a finite element analysis of the influence of inclined holes on the uniaxial residual stress field. The error in stress has been found to increase proportionally to the correct inclined angle of the hole. The correction equations by which one may easily obtain the residual stress, taking account of the inclined angle and direction, have been derived. The error of stress due to the inclined hole has been reduced to around 1% using the correction equations.     

A new procedure based on Sachs’ boring for measuring non-axisymmetric residual stresses: experimental application

A new procedure has been developed based on Sachs’ boring to measure non-axisymmetric residual stresses in cylindrical components. The new procedure uses a Fourier series to represent the residual stresses. This paper describes an experimental application of the procedure to measure the residual stresses around a hole in a specimen subjected to a uniaxial overload. Good agreement is found between the measured residual stresses and those predicted using a finite element simulation.     

Shakedown Criterion Employing Actual Residual Stress Field and Its Application in Numerical Shakedown Analysis

Construction of the static admissible residual stress field and searching the optimal field are key tasks in the shakedown analysis methods applying the static theorem. These methods always meet dimension obstacles when dealing with complex problems. In this paper, a novel shakedown criterion is proposed employing actual residual stress field based on the static shakedown theorem. The actual residual stress field used here is produced under a specified load path, which is a sequence of proportional loading and unloading from zero to all the vertices of the given load domain. This ensures that the shakedown behavior in the whole load domain can be determined based on the theorem proposed by K?nig. The shakedown criterion is then implemented in numerical shakedown analysis. The actual residual stress fields are calculated by incremental finite element elastic-plastic analysis technique for finite deformation under the specified load path with different load levels. The shakedown behavior and the shakedown limit load are determined according to the proposed criterion. The validation of the criterion is performed by a benchmark shakedown example, which is a square plate with a central hole under biaxial loading. The results are consistent with existing results in the literatures and are validated by full cyclic elastic-plastic finite element analysis. The numerical shakedown analysis applying the proposed criterion avoids processing dimension obstacles and performing full cyclic elastic-plastic analysis under arbitrary load paths which should be accounted for appearing. The effect of material model and geometric changes on shakedown behavior can be considered conveniently.     

孔挤压强化和工艺参数研究

孔挤压强化可以显著提高机械连接的疲劳强度。采用有限元方法建立了孔挤压强化轴对称模型,得到了孔壁残余应力分布状态,建立了孔壁残余应力和孔径、板件厚度、挤压强化过盈量等工艺参数之间的关系曲线。结果表明,周向残余应力和孔径、挤压强化过盈量之间为对数关系,和板件厚度之间为线性关系;径向残余应力和孔径、挤压强化过盈量之间为对数关系,和板厚(以2.5mm为分界线)之间为线性关系,为孔挤压强化效果的定量化认识奠定了基础。