Thermophysical Properties of Binary Mixtures of Methyl Methacrylate+Di-Ethers (Ethyl, Isopropyl, and Butyl) at 298.15 and 308.15 K

Experimental data for the densities, dynamic viscosities, sound speeds, and relative permittivities and for three binary systems of methyl methacrylate (MMA)+di-ethers (ethyl, isopropyl, and butyl) at 298.15 and 308.15 K and at atmospheric pressure are reported. The mixture viscosities are correlated by Grunberg–Nissan, McAllister, and Auslander equations over the complete composition range. The sound speeds for the mixtures are also calculated by using free length and collision factor theories, and Nomoto and Junjie equations. From the measured primary properties, deviation functions such as deviations in viscosities, sound speeds, relative permittivities, molar polarizations, excess isentropic compressibilities, and molar electrical susceptibilities were calculated, and the compositional dependence of each of the functions was expressed with a Redlich–Kister type equation. The variation of the Kirkwood correlation factor was determined over the complete composition range.     

Speeds of Sound and Isentropic Compressibilities in Binary Mixtures of 2-Propanol with Several 1-Alkanols at 298.15 K

Speeds of sound and densities of 2-propanol +1-propanol, 2-propanol + 1-butanol, 2-propanol + 1-octanol, and 2-propanol + 1-hexanol have been measured over the entire composition range at 298.15 K. Speeds of sound of the binary mixtures have also been estimated from free length theory (FLT), collision factor theory (CFT), and Nomoto’s relation (NR) and have been compared with experimental speeds of sound. The isentropic compressibilities, molar isentropic compressibilities, excess molar isentropic compressibilities, and excess speeds of sound have been calculated from experimental densities and speeds of sound. Excess molar isentropic compressibilities and excess speeds of sound of the binary mixtures were fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation     

Excess Molar Isentropic Compressibilities,Excess Molar Volumes,and Excess Sound Speeds of the 1-Propanol + Diethyl Ether + 1-Octanol Ternary Mixture and Constituent Binary Mixtures at 298.15 K

The sound speeds and densities of the 1-propanol + diethyl ether + 1-octanol ternary mixture and constituent binary mixtures, 1-propanol + diethyl ether, 1-propanol + 1-octanol, and diethyl ether + 1-octanol, have been measured at 298.15 K as a function of composition. Isentropic compressibilities, molar isentropic compressibilities, excess molar isentropic compressibilities, excess molar volumes, and excess sound speeds have been calculated from the experimental density and sound speed data. Excess molar volumes, excess molar isentropic compressibilities, and excess sound speeds of the binary mixtures were fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation. By using the free length theory (FLT), Schaaff’s collision factor theory (CFT), Nomoto’s relation (NR), Van Deal’s ideal mixing relation (IMR), and Junjie’s relation (JR), sound-speed values of the investigated mixtures were calculated. These values were compared with the experimental sound-speed results.     

Thermodynamics of acrylic esters containing binary liquid mixtures. I. Excess volumes and isentropic compressibilities of alkyl methacrylates +n-hexane, +n-heptane, + carbon tetrachloride, + chlorobenzene,ando-dichlorobenzene at 303.15 K

Excess volumes and isentropic compressibilities of 15 binary liquid mixtures containing methyl methacrylate (MMA). ethyl methacrylate (EMA), and butyl methacrylate (BM) andn-Hexane,n-heptane, carbon tetrachloride chlorobenzene ando-dichlorobenzene are derived from the measured densities and speeds of sound at 303.15 K. The dependence of the excess volumes and the isentropic compressibilities both on the alkyl chain length and on the nature of the solvent shots the dominance of dispersing interactions in the mixtures of aliphatic hydrocarbons and specific interactions im the chlorinated solvent mixtures. The speeds of sound of binary mixtures of MMA were found to be reasonably predicted by free length and collision factor theories. An attempt is also made to estimate the individual contributions of interactional. free volume andP ^* effects to the overall excess volumes of binary mixtures containing MMA. The results indicate that the three factors are equally responsible for the observed values.     

Thermophysical Properties of Nonelectrolyte Mixtures. Densities, Viscosities, and Sound Speeds of Binary Mixtures of Methyl Methacrylate+Branched Alcohols (Propan-2-ol, 2-Methylpropan-1-ol, Butan-2-ol, and 2-Methylpropan-2-ol) at T=298.15 and 308.15 K

Measurements of the densities, viscosities, and sound speeds at T=298.15 and 308.15 K for the binary mixtures of methyl methacrylate+propan-2-ol, +2-methylpropan-1-ol, +butan-2-ol, and +2-methylpropan-2-ol are made over the complete composition range. From the measured data, excess isentropic compressibilities have been calculated. The mixture viscosities have been correlated by the Grunberg–Nissan, McAllister, and Auslander equations, while the sound speed in binary mixtures has been analyzed using free length and collision factor theories, and Junjie and Nomoto equations. The excess isentropic compressibilities, ^E _s are fitted to a third degree polynomial equation. The qualitative analysis of ^E _s have been made in terms of bulk molecular interactions. The conclusions drawn were supplemented by examining the variation of relative association and solvation numbers over the complete composition range.     

Densities, Sound Speeds, Excess Volumes, and Excess Isentropic Compressibilities of Methyl Acrylate + 1-Propanol (or 1-Butanol) + Hydrocarbons(n-Hexane, n-Heptane, Cyclohexane, Benzene, and Toluene) at 308.15 K

Densities and sound speeds of ten ternary mixtures of methyl acrylate (1)+1-propanol (2) or 1-butanol (2)+n-hexane (3), +n-heptane (3), +cyclohexane (3), +benzene (3), and +toluene (3) have been measured at 308.15 K. The excess volumes, V ^E , and excess isentropic compressibilities, ^E _s , have been estimated. These two experimentally derived excess functions were also compared with those predicted by empirical equations of Redlich–Kister, Kohler, and Tsao–Smith. A qualitative analysis of V ^E and ^E _s data of ternary mixtures reveals that in MA (1)+1-alcohols (2)+n-hexane (3), +n-heptane (3), and +cyclohexane (3), structure disruptions are more predominant while in MA (1)+1-alcohols (2)+benzene (3) or +toluene (3) mixtures, the weak but specific structure making interactions dominate. A perusal of deviations between the experimental and calculated V ^E and ^E _s results shows that the predictive expressions give only a rough estimate of the functions for the ten studied mixtures.     

Densities,Viscosities, Sound Speeds,Refractive Indices,and Excess Properties of Binary Mixtures of Isoamyl Alcohol with Some Alkoxyethanols

Densities and viscosities were measured for binary mixtures of isoamyl alcohol with 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, and 2-butoxyethanol over the entire range of composition at 303.15 K, 313.15 K, and 323.15K and ultrasonic speeds and refractive indices at 303.15 K under atmospheric pressure. From the experimental values of density, viscosity, ultrasonic speed, and refractive index, the values of excess molar volume (V ^E), viscosity deviations (Δη), deviations in isentropic compressibility (ΔK _S ), and excess molar refraction (ΔR) have been calculated. The excess or deviation properties were found to be either negative or positive, depending on the molecular interactions and the nature of liquid mixtures.     

Thermodynamic and Acoustic Properties of Mixtures of Dibromomethane + Heptane

Densities and speeds of ultrasound in binary mixtures of dibromomethane with heptane have been measured within the temperature range from 288.15 K to 318.15 K. From the experimental data, the thermodynamic excess volume, molar isobaric expansion, molar isentropic compression, and ultrasonic speed were calculated. The excess volume and excess isentropic compression have opposite signs, whereas the excess isobaric expansion is an S-shaped function of the mole fraction. An explanation was suggested to account for the excesses in terms of intermolecular interactions. It involved energetic and steric factors. Moreover, it was shown that the positive excess sound speed results almost entirely from the negative excess compression.     

Densities,Viscosities, Speeds of Sound,and Refractive Indices of Binary Mixtures of 2-Octanol with Chlorobenzenes

Densities, ρ, viscosities, η, speeds of sound, u, and refractive indices, n _D, of binary liquid mixtures of 2-octanol with 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene have been measured over the entire range of composition at 298.15 K, 303.15 K, and 308.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. From the experimental data of the density, speed of sound, viscosity, and refractive index, the values of the excess molar volume, V ^E, deviations in isentropic compressibility, Δκ _S , and deviations in molar refraction, ΔR have been calculated. The calculated excess and deviation functions have been analyzed in terms of molecular interactions and structural effects.     

Densities,Viscosities, Speeds of Sound,and Refractive Indices of Binary Mixtures of 1-Decanol with Isomeric Chlorotoluenes

Densities, ρ, viscosities, η, speeds of sound, u, and refractive indices, n _D, of binary liquid mixtures of 1-decanol with o-chlorotoluene, m-chlorotoluene, and p-chlorotoluene have been measured over the entire range of composition at 298.15 K, 303.15 K, and 308.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. From the experimental data of density, speed of sound, viscosity and refractive index, the values of the excess molar volume, V ^E, deviations in isentropic compressibility, Δκ _S , and deviations in molar refraction, ΔR, have been calculated. The calculated excess and deviation functions have been analyzed in terms of molecular interactions and structural effects.     

Thermodynamics of acrylic ester-organic solvent mixtures. V. viscosities and excess viscosities of alkyl acrylates-1-alcohol binary mixtures at 298.15 and 308.15 K

The viscosities for 12 binary mixtures of methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), and butyl acrylate (BA)-1-heptanol-1-octanol,-1-decanol, and-1-dodecanol were measured at 298.15 and 308.15 K. The excess viscosities were calculated from the results. The typical variations in the viscosities and excess viscisities of the mixtures as a function of ester mole fractions were explained in terms of structure-breaking dispersion and ester-ester-like interactions. The viscosities can be reasonably correlated in terms of Grunberg-Nissan, McAllister, and Auslander equations.     

Influence of Temperature on Thermodynamic Properties of Methyl <Emphasis Type="Italic">t</Emphasis>-Butyl Ether (MTBE) + Gasoline Additives

The densities and sound speeds of binary mixtures of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) + (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, isooctane, tert-butyl alcohol) have been measured at temperatures from 288.15 to 323.15 K and at atmospheric pressure over the complete concentration range. The experimental excess volumes and deviations of isentropic compressibility were calculated. The deviation of isentropic compressibility data have been analyzed in terms of different theoretical models; adequate agreement between the experimental and predicted values is obtained. The data from this study improve the data situation related to gasoline additives and help to understand the MTBE volumetric and acoustic behavior for various chemical systems.     

Thermodynamic Properties of Ternary Liquid Mixtures of 2-Pyrrolidinone with Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Molar excess volumes, V^E_ijk{V^{\rm E}_{ijk}}, and speeds of sound, u _ijk , of 2-pyrrolidinone (2-Py) (i) + toluene (j) + o-xylene or p-xylene (k) ternary mixtures have been determined by using a dilatometer and interferometer as a function of composition at 308.15 K. The speeds of sound of ternary mixtures have been utilized to predict their excess isentropic compressibilities. The Redlich-Kister equation has been fitted to the molar excess volumes, V^E_ijk{V^{\rm E}_{ijk}}, and excess isentropic compressibilities, ( k_S^E)_ijk{\left( {\kappa _S^{\rm E}}\right)_{ijk}}, to predict ternary adjustable parameters and standard deviations. The observed data have been analyzed in terms of the Flory theory and the Sanchez and Lacombe theory.     

Thermophysical Properties for Diethylene Glycol + Nitrobenzene and Triethylene Glycol + (Chloro-, Bromo-, Nitro-) Benzene Systems at Different Temperatures

The densities, viscosities, sound speeds, and relative permittivities for four binary mixtures of glycols+organic solvents that are miscible over the complete composition range, namely, diethylene glycol (DEG)+nitrobenzene and triethylene glycol (TEG)+chlorobenzene, +bromobenzene, and +nitrobenzene have been measured at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures from 298.15 to 313.15 K. The excess molar volumes are calculated and fitted with a Redlich–Kister type equation. The qualitative analysis of excess molar volumes revealed that the structure-making effects probably in the form of weak Cl· · ·H–O hydrogen bonding, Cl· · ·O electron acceptor–donor interactions, and interstitial accommodation of chlorobenzene in associate structures of triethylene glycol, etc. are predominant in these mixtures.     

Speeds of Sound and Isentropic Compressibilities for Binary Mixtures of a Cyclic Diether with a Cyclic Compound at Three Temperatures

Speeds of sound of the binary mixtures of 1,3-dioxolane (or 1,4-dioxane) + cyclopentane (or cyclohexane, or benzene) have been measured at 283.15, 298.15, and 313.15 K. The excess isentropic compressibilities were calculated from experimental data and fitted with a Redlich-Kister polynomial function. Results were analyzed taking into account molecular interactions and structural effects in the mixtures and were compared with literature data. Isentropic compressibilities have been estimated at 298.15 K using the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory     

Densities,Excess Molar Volumes,Viscosities, and Refractive Indices of Binary Mixtures of <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Butyl Acetate with 1-Chloroalkanes (C<Subscript>4</Subscript>–C<Subscript>8</Subscript>) at 298.15 K

Densities, viscosities, and refractive indices of binary mixtures of n-butyl acetate (1)  +1-chlorobutane (2), +1-chloropentane (2), +1-chlorohexane (2), +1-chloroheptane (2), and +1-chlorooctane (2) were measured at 298.15 K for the liquid region and at ambient pressure for the whole composition range. The excess molar volumes V ^E were calculated from experimental densities. McAllister’s three-body interaction, and Hind and Grunberg–Nissan models are used for correlating the viscosity of binary mixtures. The experimental data of binaries are analyzed to discuss the nature and strength of intermolecular interactions in these mixtures.     

Densities, Viscosities, Speeds of Sound, and Refractive Indices of Binary Mixtures of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol with Benzene and Halobenzenes

Densities, $\rho $ , viscosities, $\eta $ , speeds of sound, $u$ , and refractive indices, $n_\mathrm{D} $ , of binary liquid mixtures of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol with benzene, chlorobenzene, and bromobenzene have been measured over the entire range of composition at 298.15 K, 303.15 K, and 308.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. From the experimental data of the density, speed of sound, viscosity, and refractive index, the values of the excess molar volume, $V^\mathrm{E}$ , isentropic compressibility, ${\kappa _{S}}$ , and deviations in molar refraction, $\Delta R$ , have been calculated. The viscosity data have been correlated using McAllister’s three-body interaction model at different temperatures. The calculated excess and deviation functions have been analyzed in terms of molecular interactions and structural effects.     

Volumetric,Viscometric, Ultrasonic,and Refractive Index Properties of Liquid Mixtures of Benzene with Industrially Important Monomers at Different Temperatures

The densities, ρ, viscosities, η, ultrasonic speeds, u, and refractive indices, n _D, of pure benzene, methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), butyl acrylate (BA), styrene (STY), and their binary liquid mixtures have been measured over the entire composition range at 298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K, and 313.15 K. The experimental data have been used to calculate excess molar volumes. Partial molar volumes of MA/EA/BA/STY in benzene at infinite dilution and at different temperatures have also been evaluated. The results were discussed in terms of molecular interactions prevailing in the mixtures.     

Topological Investigations of Excess Molar Volumes and Excess Isentropic Compressibilities of Ternary Mixtures Containing Pyrrolidin-2-one at 308.15 K

Excess molar volumes, ${V^{\rm E}_{ijk}}$ , and speeds of sound, u _ijk , of pyrrolidin-2-one (2-Py) (i)+benzene or methyl benzene (j)+propan-1-ol (k) ternary mixtures and speeds of sound, u _ij , of benzene or methyl benzene (i)+propan-1-ol (j) binary mixtures have been measured dilatometrically and interferrometrically over the complete mole fraction range at 308.15 K. Speed-of-sound data have been utilized to evaluate excess isentropic compressibilities for binary and ternary mixtures. ${V^{\rm E}_{ijk}}$ and ${\left({\kappa_S^{\rm E}}\right)_{ijk}}$ values have been fitted to a Redlich–Kister equation to predict ternary adjustable parameters and standard deviations. Topological investigations employed for predicting excess molar volumes and excess isentropic compressibilities, ${\left({\kappa _S^{\rm E}} \right)_{ij}}$ , of 2-Py + benzene or methyl benzene or propan-1-ol binary mixtures have been extended to ternary mixtures (by employing the concept of a connectivity parameter of third degree, ³ ξ, of a molecule) to obtain an expression that describes well the measured ${V^{\rm E}_{ijk}}$ and ${\left({\kappa_S^{\rm E}}\right)_{ijk}}$ values.     

Viscosity of nonelectrolyte liquid mixtures. III Binary mixtures of methyl methacrylate with hydrocarbons,haloalkanes, and alkylamines

Measurements of the viscosity and the density are reported for 14 binary mixtures of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with hydrocarbons, haloalkanes, and alkylamines at 303.15 K. The viscosity data have been correlated with equations of Grunberg and Nissan, of McAllister, and of Auslaender. Furthermore, excess viscosity In and excess Gibbs energy of activationG* ^E of viscous flow have been calculated and have been used to predict molecular interactions occurring in present binary mixtures. The results show the existence of specific interactions in MMA + aromatic hydrocarbons, MMA + haloalkanes, and MMA + primary amines.