Growth of InAs Quantum Dots on Germanium Substrate Using Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique

Self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) were grown on germanium substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition technique. Effects of growth temperature and InAs coverage on the size, density, and height of quantum dots were investigated. Growth temperature was varied from 400 to 450 °C and InAs coverage was varied between 1.40 and 2.35 monolayers (MLs). The surface morphology and structural characteristics of the quantum dots analyzed by atomic force microscope revealed that the density of the InAs quantum dots first increased and then decreased with the amount of InAs coverage; whereas density decreased with increase in growth temperature. It was observed that the size and height of InAs quantum dots increased with increase in both temperature and InAs coverage. The density of QDs was effectively controlled by growth temperature and InAs coverage on GaAs buffer layer.     

Influence of GaAs Substrate Orientation on InAs Quantum Dots: Surface Morphology, Critical Thickness, and Optical Properties

InAs/GaAs heterostructures have been simultaneously grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (100), GaAs (100) with a 2° misorientation angle towards [01−1], and GaAs (n11)B (n = 9, 7, 5) substrates. While the substrate misorientation angle increased from 0° to 15.8°, a clear evolution from quantum dots to quantum well was evident by the surface morphology, the photoluminescence, and the time-resolved photoluminescence, respectively. This evolution revealed an increased critical thickness and a delayed formation of InAs quantum dots as the surface orientation departed from GaAs (100), which was explained by the thermal-equilibrium model due to the less efficient of strain relaxation on misoriented substrate surfaces.     

基于量子点荧光强度变化检测陶瓷疲劳微裂纹

量子点具有荧光光谱窄、激发光谱宽、荧光强度高、稳定性好等优势,将量子点应用于微裂纹的监测有极大的优越性.本文利用量子点涂层的荧光性能进行了陶瓷裂纹的直接检测,并与实际裂纹比较发现仅有2％的差别;借助ANSYS有限元软件计算模拟了陶瓷在产生疲劳裂纹后的应力分布.对比发现,涂层荧光强度变化和应力变化都呈区域性分布,而且应力越大,荧光强度越强,说明该方法是一种简单有效的裂纹测试手段.     

Time- and Spectrally-Resolved Photoluminescence Study of Alloyed CdxZn1−xSeyS1−y/ZnS Quantum Dots and Their Nanocomposites with SPIONs in Living Cells

Magnetic-luminescent composites based on semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) can serve as a platform combining visualization and therapy. Here, we report the construction of QD-SPION nanocomposites based on synthesized SPIONs and alloyed QDs (CdxZn1−xSeyS1−y)/ZnS solubilized with L-cysteine molecules. The study of the spectral-luminescence characteristics, the kinetics of luminescence decay show the composite’s stability in a solution. After incubation with HeLa cells, QDs, SPIONs, and their composites form clusters on the cell surface and associate with endosomes inside the cells. Component-wise analysis of the photoluminescence decay of cell-associated QDs/SPIONs provides information about their localization and aggregate status.     

Experimental Evaluation of Quantum Dots and Antibodies Conjugation by Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy

The application of antibody-functionalized quantum dots (QDs) in different areas has been widely described in the literature. However, a standard routine method for obtaining information on the conjugation efficiency of QDs with antibodies in terms of the interaction of the functionalized QDs with a specific antigen is still lacking. Herein, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy is proposed for this purpose. Gold-coated SPR sensor disks were modified with a self-assembled monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, and carbodiimide cross-linker chemistry was used to covalently immobilize the CD44 biomarker on the premodified surface (Au/CD44). Meanwhile, QDs functionalized with amine-derivatized polyethylene glycol (PEG) (QDs-NH₂) were chosen for conjugation with antibodies because of their low non-specific adsorption on the Au/CD44 surface. Prior to conjugation, the surface binding capacity (B_max) and equilibrium dissociation constant (K_D) of the specific antibodies against CD44 (anti-CD44) were found to be 263.32 ± 2.44 m° and 1.00 × 10⁻⁷ ± 2.29 × 10⁻⁹ M, respectively. QDs-NH₂ and anti-CD44 were conjugated at their initial molar ratios of 1:3, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:12. SPR measurements showed that the conjugates (QDs-anti-CD44) prepared using 1:10 and 1:12 molar ratios interacted comparably with immobilized CD44 biomarkers. The equilibrium angles in the case of 10- and 12-fold concentrations of anti-CD44 were calculated to be 60.43 ± 4.51 and 61.36 ± 4.40 m°, respectively. This could be explained by the QDs-NH₂ and anti-CD44 having a similar surface loading (about four molecules per QDs-NH₂) and similar hydrodynamic diameters, which were 46.63 ± 3.86 and 42.42 ± 0.80 nm for the 1:10 and 1:12 ratios, respectively. An initial QDs-NH₂: anti-CD44 molar ratio of 1:10 was chosen as being optimal. SPR spectroscopy proved to be the right choice for QDs-anti-CD44 conjugation optimization, and can be used for the evaluation of conjugation efficiency for other nanostructures with various bio-recognition molecules.     

射频磁控溅射法制备PI基CeO2-TiO2复合薄膜

采用射频磁控溅射技术在柔性基体PI(聚酰亚胺)上制备了纳米CeO2-TiO2复合薄膜.借助X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和紫外-可见光谱仪分别研究了薄膜的物相结构、表面生长形貌和薄膜的紫外-可见光透过率及光学能隙,并用WS-2000型薄膜划痕仪测定薄膜与基体的界面结合强度.实验结果表明:沉积态的薄膜为非晶态,经200℃退火处理4h后,转化为良好的晶态,薄膜中主要含有锐钛矿相结构;溅射功率对薄膜的形貌,光学性能及界面结合力均有影响.尤其当溅射功率为120W时,薄膜的综合性能最优;平均晶粒尺寸110nm,表面粗糙度为160nm,吸光率达80%,光学能隙Eg仅为(2.65±0.05)eV,划痕法测量涂层与基体的附着力为60N.     

表面修饰CdTe量子点的合成及其光学特性

在水相中合成高发光性能的CdTe量子点,研究以巯基乙酸(TGA)为稳定剂对CdTe表面进行修饰,制备在水中分散性良好的纳米晶,通过对CdTe量子点合成反应条件的摸索,掌握了其合成的反应规律.同时用紫外分光光度计、荧光分光光度计和透射电子显微镜对其进行了表征.结果表明,回流时间、n(Cd2+):n(HTe-)、反应物浓度、TGA用量、反应体系pH值,对纳米晶的光学性质具有显著影响.回流2 h制得的CdTe纳米粒子直径约为5 nm,其发射峰窄且对称,表现出良好稳定的光学性质.     

石墨烯量子点的制备与表征

介绍了一种改进的溶剂热法制备石墨烯量子点(GQDs)。该方法以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和氧化石墨烯(GO)作为溶剂和原料,过程中会对GO进行微波膨胀预处理,然后进行反应。分别采用紫外可见吸收、光致发光、红外、透射电镜对石墨烯量子点进行结构、形貌以及荧光性能的表征。通过该方法制备的GQDs的荧光发射光谱表明其具有可激发性且具有良好的荧光性能。     

聚酰胺-胺树形分子的合成及其包覆的CdSe@CdS核壳结构量子点的性能研究

以乙二胺和丙烯酸甲酯为原料,采用扩散法合成了不同端基类型不同代数的聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树形高分子,并用红外光谱进行表征;以G5.0-NH2 PAMAM树形高分子为模板,以二甲基亚砜为溶剂,在常温下制备了稳定的PAMAM树形高分子包覆的CdSe@CdS核壳结构量子点,并用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱进行表征。结果表明,适当厚度CdS的包覆修饰可以有效提高CdSe量子点的发光性能;与单一组分的CdSe量子点相比,CdSe@CdS核壳结构量子点的相对荧光强度最大提高约123 %。     

石墨烯量子点的制备及应用

石墨烯量子点(GQDs)作为石墨烯家族的最新一员,除了继承石墨烯的优异性能,还因量子限制效应和边界效应而显现出一系列新的特性,引起了化学、物理、材料和生物等各领域科研工作者的广泛关注。GQDs的制备方法通常分自上而下和自下而上的方法。对其各种制备方法和应用分别进行了介绍,并结合各种应用对GQDs的要求给出了制备方法的建议。指出了GQDs研究中存在的问题及发展方向。     

Bioconjugation of (CdSe)ZnS Quantum Dots Using a Genetically Engineered Multiple Polyhistidine Tagged Cohesin/Dockerin Protein Polymer

Summary: We have constructed bioconjugates consisting of genetically modified cohesin/dockerin protein polymers combined with (CdSe)ZnS colloidal quantum dots. This recombinant protein contains fusions of Clostridium thermocellum cellulosomal cohesin and dockerin domains and a C‐terminal 6×‐histidine tag. These unique cohesin/dockerin monomeric building blocks (ca. 60 kDa) were allowed to self‐assemble, yielding oligomers and polymers, which were subsequently characterized by high‐pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The C‐terminal 6×‐His tags from each monomer facilitate binding to the quantum dot surface chemistry while mix the protein polymers with water‐soluble QDs at neutral pH. Using HPSEC, we were able to fractionate the reaction mixture into two major distributions of bioconjugate species. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) were employed to characterize the components from these chromatographic fractions. The fraction containing the larger bioconjugates contained clusters of quantum dots surrounded by protein polymers with an estimated radius of 190 ± 30 Å and an apparent molecular weight of 8 000 ± 3 000 kDa. The STEM images from the fraction containing the smaller species were amenable to detailed analysis and graphical simulation that revealed species containing one, two, or three quantum dots surrounded by 10, 15, or 18 protein monomers, respectively. Our data demonstrate strong binding coefficients not only between the protein monomers to form polymers, but also with the (CdSe)ZnS colloidal quantum dots and thus provides a method of producing stable, water‐soluble luminescent quantum dot bioconjugates. PL spectroscopic analysis shows that the samples from both chromatographic fractions have strong excitonic emission with a peak at ca. 2.2 eV (562 nm).

STEM images of cohesin/dockerin protein polymer‐QD conjugates from the HPSEC elution peak. A represents a typical STEM image 512 × 512 nm scanning field showing the conjugates containing 1, 2, and 3 QDs with 10, 15, and 18 protein monomers surrounded, respectively.     

碳化硅量子点表面物化特性调控及其光学特性

采用化学偶联法,通过调整腐蚀剂组分及其相对含量,一步法实现了碳化硅量子点(SiC-QDs)表面物化特性的有效调控。研究表明:经硝酸(HNO_3)和氢氟酸(HF)混合腐蚀剂腐蚀纳米β-SiC粉末,通过超声空化破碎分散及高速离心处理,可获得SiC-QDs水相溶液,并一步法实现了表面修饰,在其表面形成了—COO、—OH等亲有机物功能基团。采用浓硫酸(H_2SO_4)为偶联剂,制备出表面具有巯基(—SH)的SiC-QDs水相溶液。腐蚀剂组分的相对含量对于SiC-QDs的光致发光强度与表面巯基的形成影响较大。在波长为340 nm的激发光激发下,SiC-QDs具有最大的发光强度,随着腐蚀剂中H_2SO_4含量的增加,其光致发光强度呈现降低趋势。当腐蚀剂的体积比为V(HF):V(HNO_3):V(H_2SO_4)=6:1:1时,制备的水相SiC-QDs表面既能稳定耦合—SH,又可以获得较高的光致发光强度。另外,对表面物化特性调控及其形成机制进行了分析研究。     

二氧化锡量子点的制备、表征及缺陷研究

以SnCl4·5H2O为原料、三重蒸馏水为溶剂,结合溶胶凝胶法与水热法合成了9种不同粒径的SnO2量子点胶体及其对应的粉末颗粒。分析了不同合成条件对量子点的影响,用XRD和TEM对其粉末结构和形貌进行了表征,对SnO2纳米粒子的Uv-Vis光谱以及光致发光光谱进行了分析,计算了量子点粒径大小以及禁带宽度,并对其荧光发光机理进行了探讨。结果表明,合成的Sn02量子点的粒径为3．2～4．6nm,粒径分布均匀,分散性较好。SnO2纳米粒子光致发光在430nm、530nm和600nm处有发光峰,分别是由锡间隙、单电子氧缺陷以及表面态引起的深能级跃迁所致。     

Surface Morphology Evolution of GaAs by Low Energy Ion Sputtering

Low energy Ar⁺ ion sputtering, typically below 1,200 eV, of GaAs at normal beam incident angle is investigated. Surface morphology development with respect to varying energy is analyzed and discussed. Dot-like patterns in the nanometer scale are obtained above 600 eV. As the energy approaches upper eV range regular dots have evolved. The energy dependent dot evolution is evaluated based on solutions of the isotropic Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. The results are in agreement with the theoretical model which describes a power law dependency of the characteristic wavelength on ion energy in the ion-induced diffusion regime.     

石墨烯负载碳量子点复合材料的氧还原性能研究

通过高温热处理方法制备碳量子点(CQDs)/石墨烯(G)复合材料。采用TEM、HRTEM、Raman、EDX等手段对材料进行形貌和结构表征。运用循环伏安法(CV)、线性扫描伏安法(LSV)技术考察材料在碱性介质中的氧还原(ORR)电催化性能。结果表明,相对于单独的石墨烯(G-900)和单独的碳量子点CQDs-900,碳量子点(CQDs)/石墨烯(G)复合材料具有较好的氧还原性能,可能原因是复合材料的表面缺陷增强,活性位点增加。     

石墨烯量子点在生物传感和成像技术中的应用

石墨烯量子点具有许多吸引人的优点,如低细胞毒性、溶解能力强、稳定的光致发光、良好的生物相容性、高比表面积、电子高迁移率和可调节带隙等,因此,适用于构建传感系统和生物成像。根据近几年来,基于石墨烯量子点性质构建的光学生物传感器和电化学生物传感器以及石墨烯量子点在生物成像技术中的应用进行了综述。     

CdSe量子点的合成及其对潜指纹的荧光显现研究

以水热法在水相中直接合成了巯基乙酸修饰的CdSe量子点,并将合成的CdSe量子点进行表征、纯化。在波长365nm紫外光的激发下,CdSe量子点发射出明亮的黄绿色荧光,荧光发射峰约位于528nm,将得到的CdSe量子点纳米发光材料应用于非渗透性客体上潜指纹的荧光标记成像研究,发现CdSe量子点溶液显现的手印纹线流畅,显现细节特征明显,呈现明亮的黄绿色荧光指纹,具有很高的实用价值和鉴定价值。     

非晶碳化硅量子点的制备及其光学性质研究

采用脉冲激光烧蚀法,以多晶3C-SiC陶瓷片为靶材,制备了悬浮于去离子水中的非晶SiC纳米颗粒.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和光致发光谱(PL)等测试手段对其形貌、结构和光学性质进行了分析.结果表明:这些纳米颗粒由大量的非晶SiC构成,粒径在8～9 nm,光学带隙为3.28 eV;样品表现出较强的光致发光,发光峰位于415 nm处,这主要是由于量子限制效应造成的.     

Anisotropic Confinement,Electronic Coupling and Strain Induced Effects Detected by Valence-Band Anisotropy in Self-Assembled Quantum Dots

A method to determine the effects of the geometry and lateral ordering on the electronic properties of an array of one-dimensional self-assembled quantum dots is discussed. A model that takes into account the valence-band anisotropic effective masses and strain effects must be used to describe the behavior of the photoluminescence emission, proposed as a clean tool for the characterization of dot anisotropy and/or inter-dot coupling. Under special growth conditions, such as substrate temperature and Arsenic background, 1D chains of In_0.4Ga_0.6 As quantum dots were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction measurements directly evidence the strong strain anisotropy due to the formation of quantum dot chains, probed by polarization-resolved low-temperature photoluminescence. The results are in fair good agreement with the proposed model.     

碳量子点的制备及其在发光二极管中的应用

碳量子点是纳米材料领域一个备受关注的荧光纳米材料,仅近几年里,基于碳量子点的研究,在制备和应用方面均取得了许多突破性的进展。本文简述了碳量子点的优异特性及其合成方法,重点概述了碳量子点的修饰、复合材料的制备以及在发光二极管(LED)应用方面的最新研究进展。以期为碳量子点的发展应用提供思路和参考。