“精准思政”视域下液压与气压传动课程教学模式探析

课程思政是将专业课程与思政教育相结合,是实现立德树人的重要途径。为贯彻全国高校思想政治工作会议和学校思政政治理论课教师座谈会精神,各大高校都全面开展了课程思政工作。液压与气压传动,是支撑和推动我国装备技术进步、实现制造强国目标的基础支撑。本研究以《液压与气压传动》课程为例在全面分析现阶段课堂教学工作现状和面临问题的基础上,深入挖掘其中蕴含的思想政治教育元素,在教学导向、教学内容、教学方法、教学对象上运用精准思维做到因时而进、因事而化、因势而新、因人而异的精准思政育人路径,达到液压与气压传动技术人才思想精神境界和专业技术能力的双向提高。     

提高机械设计制造及其自动化的有效途径

随着我国科学技术水平的不断进步,制造行业也取得了非常大的发展,而机器设计制造及其自动化也有了很大的进步。机械设计制造及其自动化不仅具备传统工艺的特点,还结合了当代先进科学技术的优点。近些年来,我国机械制造制动化技术逐步取代了传统工业中较为落后的操作技术,对于提升企业的实际生产效率有着非常关键的作用。本文先是概述了机械制造及其自化的含义与特点,其次简述了机械设计制造及其自动化的优势与所需遵守的原则,然后分析了我国机械设计制造及其自动化的现状,最后探究了提高机械设计制造及其自动化水平的方法。     

Mechanical and dynamic characteristics of double and single beam cantilevers for MEMS manipulation

Micro and millimeter-scaled cantilever beams are commonly used to apply and measure microforce and manipulate micro-objects, biological cells, and tissues. In manipulating micro-objects and actuating micro-devices by cantilever beams, sudden application and release of forces are typical, and subject to static and dynamic modes of operation. Therefore, the cantilever’s mechanical behavior and vibration characteristics are vital since they are also used in force sensors and probes. The dynamic behavior of the double beam cantilever (DBC) in micro and millimeter-scaled is explored by varying the length without changing the stiffness and compared with the single beam cantilever (SBC). The dynamic attributes such as mode shape, natural frequency, resonance, and response under the impulse force and Coulomb friction are evaluated numerically. This study will assist in selecting the appropriate type and length of cantilevers in micro and millimeter-scale to manipulate micro-objects, biological cells and tissues, and use in MEMS sensors.

     

连铸连轧生产线液压与润滑油监测的实践与探索

为提高钢铁冶金生产线的稳定性与可靠性,对广州珠江钢铁有限责任公司连铸连轧生产线液压与润滑油样理化性能、污染度、磨损颗粒进行了监测。通过监测可及时发现油液的劣化、污染和设备的磨损。由此保持系统较高的油品质量和清洁度,减少换油的次数与机器故障,改进了生产线的运行秩序并取得每年120万元以上的经济效益。     

煤岩渗透率自动化测试系统

研制的煤岩渗透率测定仪及自动化测试系统,可以模拟１０００ｍ垂深的原岩应力,其测量范围宽、精度高、试样加工容易。所设计的压力传感器电路、流量传感器电路和温度传感器电路以及各传感器的调校软件、系统测试软件,实现了煤岩渗透率测定仪自动化测试技术,具有自动化测试和数据处理与存储功能,特别适用于实验室测定低透气性煤岩渗透率。影响煤岩渗透率的主要因素是应力,裂隙和岩性,必须用原岩应力下的渗透率评价煤岩瓦斯输运能力。     

Histochemical and ultrahistochemical localization of heavy metals in calf organs

Cadmium, zinc, selenium, and copper were administered, singly or in combination, orally or subcutaneously. Experiment I included 32 calves of both sexes; six received Cd (two groups), Zn, Cd, and Zn, and Cd and Se (two groups) and one group was a control. In Experiment II (21 bulls), three were given Cd, Cd, and Cu, and Cd and Zn, respectively, and one group was a control. For light microscopy, in Experiment I the highest amounts of silver granules were present in the samples of liver, small intestine, and vesicular gland of all the exposed groups; in Experiment II the most affected organs were liver, kidney, and small intestine. For electron microscopy, in Experiment I, after administration of Cd and Zn, the highest amounts of granules were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and the lowest amounts were found in glandular cells of the pancreas. Administration of Cd and Se resulted in the presence of large numbers of granules in the nuclei and nucleoli of spermatogonies. In Experiment II, ingestion of Cd and Zn in feed led to the appearance of highest amounts of granules in the nucleoli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of cells in testes, kidneys, and pancreas. Following Cd intake, the highest accumulation of granules was observed in the nucleoli of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules. Combined Cd and Cu produced the highest number of granules in cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and in the nucleoli and nuclei of germinal epithelium.     

理想材料零件的数字化设计制造方法及内涵

提出了理想材料零件的新概念 ,它是指按零件的最佳使用功能要求来设计 ,由呈梯度变化的组织成分和一定规律分布的细结构的材料与均质材料所组合构成的新型材料零件。提出并阐明了理想材料零件的数字化的并行设计制造 (简称数字化设计制造技术 )的方法和理论基础 ;它以材料与零件的一体化、集成化设计制造为主要特点 ,可根据零件功能要求进行零件的外部几何拓扑形状和内部材料组织细结构的并行设计 ,并采用增材制造和去材制造相结合的制造技术 ,按数字化设计的信息 ,一次完成零件内部组织结构和三维形体的制造。指出数字化设计制造将会使人们长期以来设想的按力学、电磁学性能来高效地设计制造新材料零件变为现实 ,在不远的将来定能像设计和建造房屋那样 ,按照所需功能设计制造理想材料零件。     

基于约束的复杂产品开发过程与活动路线分析

为实现在不同阶段、按不同层次和区域分析和控制产品开发微观过程的目的,提出一种基于“自组织-被组织”方法论规划和设计产品开发过程的方法。在面向过程的任务分层分解和基于约束的产品开发活动组织过程表达中,把与过程相关的约束和影响因素,通过节点间逻辑状态及其取值概率来反映和体现;应用图论中可达矩阵性质与原理定量分析产品开发活动序列及其组织路线,实现产品开发宏观过程管理和微观过程控制的有机结合,使产品开发活动的组织方式、状态演化和工作流程始终处于透明和可控的环境下观察和分析,帮助项目管理人员明确影响产品开发过程的主要路线和关键环节,克服传统方法综合多个要素、跨越整个过程建模和分析的困难。     

基于提高数控等离子切割件质量的研究

重点介绍国内数控等离子切割技术的现状和数控等离子切割出现的问题与控制措施。通过对割嘴高度、切割速度和工作气压对切割质量的影响与控制,切割热变形的影响与控制,切割系统抗干扰的影响与控制,数控切割软件的影响与控制等四个方面的探讨分析,可以有效避免数控等离子切割出现废品,提高了数控等离子切割件的质量。     

Review: Correlative microscopy of Purkinje cells

The Purkinje cell and their synaptic contacts have been described using (1) light microsocopy, (2) transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and freeze etching technique, (3) conventional and field emission scanning electron microscopy and cryofracture methods, (4) confocal laser scanning microscopy using intravital stain FM64, and (5) immunocytochemical techniques for Synapsin-I, PSD9-5, GluR1 subunit of AMPA receptors, N-cadherin, and CamKII alpha. The outer surface and inner content of plasma membrane, cell organelles, cytoskeleton, nucleus, dendritic and axonal processes have been exposed and analyzed in a three-dimensional view. The intramembrane morphology, in bi- and three-dimensional views, and immunocytochemical labeling of synaptic contacts with parallel and climbing fibers, basket and stellate cell axons have been characterized. Freeze etching technique, field emission scanning microscopy and cryofracture methods, and GluR1 immunohistochemistry showed the morphology and localization of postsynaptic receptors. Purkinje cell shows N-cadherin and CamKII alpha immunoreactivity. The correlative microscopy approach provides a deeper understanding of structure and function of the Purkinje cell, a new three-dimensional outer and inner vision, a more detailed study of afferent and intrinsic synaptic junctions, and of intracortical circuits.     

基于Bluetooth技术的无线数字传感器

文中提出基于Bluetooth技术的分布式无线网络测控系统的体系结构，并设计了系统的前、后端硬件构成。由此得出Bluetooth传感器的工作原理与功能，重点对Bluetooth传感器的电路结构和软件功能及其应用进行了研究。Bluetooth传感器由单片机80C51、通用数字传感器接口ADIB60和Bluetooth模块BlueCore01B等组成，通过对BlueCore01B和ADIB60的结构特性的分析，对80C51与BlueCore和ADIB60之间接口和通信的软、硬件进行了设计。Bluetooth传感器可实现测控微微网和互联网，扩大和增强了测控应用领域和功能。     

共融机器人重大研究计划研究进展

“共融机器人基础理论与关键技术研究”重大研究计划,聚焦“刚-柔-软机构的行为顺应与可控性”、“人-机-环境多模态感知与自然交互”以及“机器人群体智能与操作系统架构”三个科学问题,主要面向智能制造、医疗康复、国防安全和学科前沿四个重点方向,实施四年来取得了长足进展,构建机器人与人、机器人与环境、机器人与机器人交互的共融机器人研究体系,推动了工业机器人、服务机器人和特种机器人领域的理论和技术发展,相关科研成果为我国高端制造、康复医疗、国防安全等国家重大需求提供了坚实的理论和技术支撑。对在该重大研究计划支持下所取得的有关共融机器人的主要研究进展进行概述,内容涵盖“与环境共融的加工制造机器人”、“与人共融的康复辅助机器人”、“机器人间共融的群体智能与操作系统”以及“共融机器人前沿：新方法、新原理和新概念”,以此给出后续的重点研究方向和建议。     

机电装备失效研究的内涵及其科学问题探讨

简要介绍了失效研究领域的相关名词、概念和内容。对失效对象、失效现象和失效环境等与失效有关的5大类、16项、共52种失效信息进行了归纳总结,并指出了通过这些信息来建立诊断失效模式、原因和机理的失效诊断系统的途径。针对失效研究领域中,失效诊断方面存在的断口、裂纹诊断技术和方法,综合诊断技术和方法,定量诊断技术和方法,概率诊断、模糊诊断和智能诊断的技术和方法,环境诊断技术和方法,失效抗力(材料性能)指标体系和表征技术,失效动力(载荷或应力)的计算、测试和反推技术和方法,失效模拟的技术和方法,失效预测方面存在的技术和方法,以及失效预防方面存在的技术和方法等10大类科学问题,从理论和实践两方面进行了探讨,并指出了需要进一步研究的方向。最后指出了该领域今后的发展趋势。     

游隙对滚滑轴承内部载荷及应力影响的研究

滚滑轴承是一种新型轴承,可应用于风力发电机齿轮箱。根据滚动轴承基本原理和接触力学原理,建立滚滑轴承有限元模型,研究滑块与内外套圈滚道之间的游隙对滚滑轴承内部载荷及应力的影响,得到不同游隙时不同大小载荷工况下典型工作位置处滚滑轴承的内部载荷与应力分布规律。在研究中,提出滚滑轴承临界载荷的概念。研究结论可以为滚滑轴承的基础理论研究和参数优化提供参考。     

Core-flood experiment for transport of reactive fluids in rocks

Investigation of the transport of reactive fluids in porous rocks is an intriguing but challenging task and relevant in several areas of science and engineering such as geology, hydrogeology, and petroleum engineering. We designed and constructed an experimental setup to investigate physical and chemical processes caused by the flow of reactive and volatile fluids such as supercritical CO(2) and/or H(2)S in geological formations. Potential applications are geological sequestration of CO(2) in the frame of carbon capture and storage and acid-gas injection for sulfur disposal and/or enhanced oil recovery. The present paper outlines the design criteria and the realization of reactive transport experiments on the laboratory scale. We focus on the spatial and time evolution of rock and fluid composition as a result of chemical rock fluid interaction and the coupling of chemistry and fluid flow in porous rocks.     

再制造工艺技术讲座（一）——废旧产品再制造工艺与技术综述

再制造工艺与技术是保证再制造产品质量、节约再制造费用、提高再制造效益的核心内容及重要途径,也是实现节能减排的有效措施。本文叙述了再制造工艺与技术的定义,分类指出了再制造技术的主要内容及特点,对再制造工艺与技术进行了总体性阐述。     

Generation and Simulation of Robot Trajectories in a Virtual CAD-Based Off-Line Programming Environment

This paper presents a new approach to the generation and optimisation of the position and orientation trajectories in Cartesian task space, and simulation in a virtual CAD-based off-line programming environment. A novel concept of the robot pose ruled surface is proposed, and defined as a motion locus of the robot orientation vector, i.e. the vector of equivalent angular displacement. The planning for trajectories of robot end-effectors can be accomplished by generating the robot pose ruled surface and optimising its area under the constraints with good kinematics and dynamics performances. The established optimisation model is based on functional analysis and dynamics planning, and is simplified by using high-order polynomial space curves as the robotic position and orientation trajectories. The developed system, RoboSim, is a virtual integrated environment which can be used as a testbed for automatic motion planning and simulation for robots. Two examples are given to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach and models, and to demonstrate the capabilities of generation, optimisation, and simulation modules and libraries in the RoboSim package. The simulation results show that the approach and system are feasible and useful for motion planning, performance analysis and evaluation, and CAD-based prototyping and off-line programming in both the virtual and the real design and planning environment.     

国资委召开部分重点行业中央企业经济运行工作座谈会

4月9日,国资委召开部分重点行业中央企业经济运行工作座谈会,分析新冠肺炎疫情对中央企业生产经营的影响及企业面临的困难挑战,研究应对举措。国资委党委书记、主任郝鹏主持会议并讲话强调,要认真贯彻落实习近平总书记关于统筹推进新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济社会发展工作的系列重要讲话精神和党中央决策部署,指导推动中央企业在常态化疫情防控中加快复工复产,尽最大努力把疫情造成的损失降到最低限度,奋力实现全年目标任务,为确保实现决胜全面建成小康社会、决战脱贫攻坚目标任务作出更大贡献。国资委党委委员、副主任翁杰明、任洪斌出席会议。     

科学人文教学：大学理工科教师的方法取向——以力学系列课程教学为例

科学人文教学,指理工科教学必须同时运用科学的方法和人文的方法,培养大学生的科学人文素质。科学人文素质是指大学生在科学与自然的学习、思考与探索中,逐渐形成发展起来的科学素质与人文素质的浑沌体,这一浑沌体是个体素质的一体两面,共同构成大学生素质结构。科学人文教学体现了一种科学人文观,包含了多方面的功能和价值,它需要教师具有渊博的知识,且有会通创新精神。科学人文教学的理论基础在于：科学分化具有合理性,理工科教学内容蕴含丰富的人文因素,科学人文教学过程是一个丰富人的内心世界的过程。由此,提出了大学理工科教学的一系列方法取向。     

始末速度不为零的S型加减速时间规划算法研究*

针对始末速度不为零的非对称S型加减速时间难以规划问题,把加速度曲线分为7个时间段,对关于加速度变化时间的方程组进行分析,化简为一元高次方程,并根据其变化的单调性构造其平方函数,使其转换为单一凸形函数,进而利用牛顿迭代求出其收敛值并根据效率最优原则和加速度、速度约束条件进行修正;对匀加速度时间的规划,直接根据其公式特点,转换为一元二次方程进行规划并根据效率最优原则和加速度、速度约束条件进行修正;对于匀速运动时间直接根据一元一次方程的解法进行规划。该算法解决了现有始末速度不为零的S型加减速时间规划过程复杂、繁琐问题,提供了一种简洁、高效的加减速时间规划算法。通过仿真与试验可知,本算法求解效率提高10.8%,插补效率提高1.32%,插补效果满足精度要求,同时证明了该算法简洁、高效、运行稳定、能够满足高速高精数控要求。