毛云芝菌产漆酶液体培养条件的优化

探索了不同的培养条件下毛云芝菌产漆酶的情况,发现该菌漆酶属于组成型漆酶,其酶活力高,产酶周期短,酶的合成与菌体生长没有明显相关性;以漆酶的酶活为指标,采用正交试验设计方法对毛云芝菌液体培养的摇瓶生长条件进行了优化研究.结果表明:优化培养基的组成(质量分数)为麸皮3%,蛋白胨0.2%,牛肉膏0.3%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.05%, KH2PO4 0.3%; TE 6%(体积分数),VB1 20 mg/L;自来水,pH自然.该营养条件下的酶活为1 668 U/mL,约是优化前培养基酶活的16倍,为工业化生产提供了一定的理论依据.     

毛云芝菌固体发酵产漆酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

作者对毛云芝菌利用桑叶和麸皮固体发酵所产漆酶进行了分离纯化,并研究了纯化后漆酶的酶学性质。将毛云芝菌固体发酵漆酶粗提液通过离心、过滤、大孔树脂脱色、硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose fast flow层析、Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤层析,结果得到电泳纯的漆酶,纯化倍数15.53,酶活回收率51.21%。用SDS-PAGE测得该酶相对分子质量62 600;该酶反应的最适温度为50℃,在柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液中最适pH值为4.0,在醋酸缓冲液中最适pH值3.0;氧化ABTS的Km为0.093 mmol/L,对邻苯二酚的Km为3.71 mmol/L。     

一株木质素降解白腐菌的筛选、鉴定及其产漆酶培养基的优化

为筛选产木质素降解酶的菌株,采用苯胺蓝-PDA平板法和愈创木酚-PDA平板法从铁皮石斛生长的树皮中筛选到菌株SHIHU-X2,经ITS测序分析将SHIHU-X2鉴定为白腐真菌白黄小脆柄菇(Psathyrella candolleana)。应用响应面法优化产漆酶培养基,结果表明SHIHU-X2菌株产漆酶的最优培养基是:去皮马铃薯200 g/L,葡萄糖20 g/L,蛋白胨1.24 g/L,KH2PO4 1 g/L,酒石酸铵0.02 g/L,CuSO4 0.01 g/L,MgSO4 0.56 g/L,MnSO4 0.057 g/L。漆酶活力从初始产酶培养基1.11 U/mL提高到响应面优化后的2.32 U/mL,漆酶活力提高了109 %。     

产漆酶培养基条件的优化

对白腐真菌发酵产漆酶的培养基组成进行优化试验。在单因素试验结果的基础上,进行三因素三水平的响应面分析,通过对试验数据回归分析,获得了二次多元回归方程,预测麸皮、酒石酸铵和吐温-80的优化值,并预测漆酶最高酶活。结果表明:当麸皮、酒石酸铵和吐温-80的优化值分别为11.04,0.10g/L和3.24 mL/L时,漆酶最高酶活可达34.25U/mL,验证实验漆酶实际酶活为36.67U/mL,与预测值十分接近,优化后酶活与比优化前提高了62.98%。     

栗生灰黑孔菌合成漆酶最佳发酵条件的优化

本实验研究了碳源、氮源、诱导剂、金属离子、pH等培养条件对栗生灰黑孔菌Melanoporia castanea (Imazeki)T. Hatt. & Ryvarden产漆酶的影响。并利用Minitab15软件、Plackett-Burman PB 实验设计和响应面分析法对栗生灰黑孔菌Melanoporia castanea (Imazeki)T. Hatt. & Ryvarden产漆酶的发酵条件进行优化。结果表明：1.最佳液态发酵培养基组分为：玉米秆粉9.976g/L,黄豆粉9g/L,ZnSO4•7H2O 0.3µmol /L,对苯二胺0.5mmol/L。2、最佳培养条件：温度28℃,转速180r/min,PH值为5.913,装液量60ml/250ml,接种量10%。在以上条件下培养漆酶酶活可达到431 U/ml。     

竹黄菌液态发酵产漆酶培养条件的优化

分离筛选到一株产漆酶的竹黄菌,采用单因子相互比较法,研究了该菌株的最适发酵产酶条件。确定了最适的碳源为2 g/dL可溶性淀粉、最适的氮源为0.8 g/dL的酵母膏,以及最适铜离子浓度为2.4 mmol/L,在自然pH 5.0,装液量为50 mL,30℃、200 r/min摇瓶振荡培养64 h下,产漆酶酶活水平达120 000 U/L,比优化前提高近17倍。该竹黄菌株与已报道的白腐真菌相比,具有发酵周期短且产漆酶酶活较高的优点。     

Pycnoporus sp. SYBC-L1 18S rDNA序列分析及其固态发酵水葫芦产漆酶的研究

从朽木上筛选到一株产漆酶的白腐真菌SYBC-L1,该菌株在PDA-Guaiacol培养基上显红色,通过18S rDNA序列测定和进化树聚类分析,表明其属于密孔菌属,命名为Pycnoporus sp. SYBC-L1。以水葫芦为基本培养基质,以漆酶活力为指标,对其产酶培养基进行了初步优化,得其适宜的培养基为:水葫芦12.5%,可溶性淀粉与豆粕质量比1∶1,起始含水量65%,Cu2+浓度1.5mmol/L,没食子酸20μmol/L,30℃,培养9d,漆酶活力可达19.17U/g,为优化前的8.75倍。Pycnoporus sp. SYBC-L1漆酶提取的适宜条件为:20mmol/L,pH6.0的磷酸盐-柠檬酸缓冲液,浸提3h。     

响应面法优化真菌复合系F-7产纤维素酶的发酵培养基

为提高复合菌系降解纤维素的酶活力,通过响应面法对其培养基成分进行优化。首先对其液体发酵产酶培养基进行优化,在此优化基础上,利用Plackett-Burman试验筛选出影响真菌复合菌系F-7产纤维素酶活的显著因素,再采用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,结合Box-Behnken响应面法对显著因素进行分析,优化得到最佳发酵培养基。(NH4)2SO4、MgSO4和秸秆为F-7复合菌系产纤维素酶活的显著性因素,优化后获得最佳培养基成分为玉米芯5 g/L,秸秆7.5 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 4 g/L,K2HPO4 1 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1.2 g/L,KH2PO4 1 g/L,NaCl 1 g/L,蛋白胨1 g/L,酵母膏1 g/L。结果表明,优化后纤维素酶活由为50.12μmol/m L提高到68.73μmol/m L,提高了41%。     

响应面法优化毛云芝菌产漆酶的培养条件研究

研究了影响毛云芝菌产漆酶的培养条件,通过单因素实验选取试验各因素的水平,根据Box-Benhnken试验设计原理,进行响应面回归分析,以漆酶酶活为响应值,确定了影响漆酶产量的各因素的水平,结合验证实验结果得到其最佳的培养条件为接种量8.2 %、装液量30.8%、摇床转速141 r/min.     

红树林土壤纤维素酶产生菌筛选及产酶条件研究

采用CMC唯一碳源平板法和内切葡聚糖酶、外切葡聚糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶等3种酶平板鉴别法从海南红树林土壤中分离到109个有阳性信号的菌株,经发酵产酶复筛选出一株产纤维素酶活相对较高的真菌HBZ003。经鉴定该菌为产紫青霉(Penicillium purpurogenum)。通过发酵产酶条件优化,获得最佳培养基组成为:麸皮8 g/L,CMC 2 g/L,(NH4)2SO43 g/L,KNO32 g/L,KH2PO43 g/L,NaCl 6 g/L,CaCl20.5 g/L;发酵条件为250mL三角瓶中装培养液100mL,在pH4.0、30℃,160 r/min条件下振荡培养5 d,测得发酵液中CMCase和FPA分别为16.04U和4.08 U。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the