Change in peroxidation and in the phospholipid content in the brain in hyperoxia and the protective action of urea

The rate of lipid peroxidation (by content of the lipid peroxide transformation end product--malonic dialdehyde) in homogenates of rat brain was studied as affected by hyperoxia and with a protective effect of urea in experiments in vivo and in vitro. In both cases an increase is observed in the malonic aldehyde yield with the effect of oxygen under higher pressure. Urea in physiological concentrations lowers the yield under the effect of hyperoxia in vitro. In experiments in vivo introduction of urea also evokes a decrease in the rate of peroxidation. It is established that hyperoxia and urea affect mainly the ascorbate-dependent system of peroxidation. The compositon of phospholipids in the rat brain was studied under the effect of hyperoxia and urea. No changes were found in the number of fractions under the effect of 6at oxygen, only quantitative changes are observed. With introduction of urea before hyperoxia there occurs a normalization in the phospholipid composition. The authors suppose the protective effect of urea to be due to its influence on membranes.     

液化石油气-空气混气系统及其运行维护中常见问题和对策探讨

分析了液化石油气-空气混气系统作为城市调峰气源时，日常运行及维护保养中出现的问题，结合应用实例，提出了解决办法。探讨了如何保障系统的正常运转，使其切实起到调峰作用。     

Teratogenic evaluation of epichlorohydrin in the mouse and rat and glycidol in the mouse

Pregnant outbred albino rats (CD) and mice (CD-1) were given epichlorohydrin by gastric intubation on d 6-15 of gestation. The rats were killed on d 21 (d 18 for mice) and the offspring checked for gross, visceral, and skeletal malformations. Epichlorohydrin caused a significant reduction in the weight gain of pregnant rats at 80 mg/kg.d as compared with the control group treated only with the vehicle. However, there was no evidence of teratogenicity in the rat fetuses even at a dose level (160 mg/kg.d) that caused the death of some of the treated dams. Epichlorohydrin also did not produce a statistically significant increase in the average percent of malformed mouse fetuses, even at 160 mg/kg.d, a dose that killed 3 of 32 treated dams. The 120 and 160 mg/kg.d levels did cause a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in the average fetal weight as compared with controls. In addition, the 120 mg/kg.d dose produced the statistically significantly increase in the liver weight of the pregnant mouse. These observations indicate that the 120 and 160 mg/kg.d dose levels were toxic toward the dams and their unborn offspring. In a similar mouse study, glycidol showed no evidence of teratogenicity. There was a significant increase in the number of stunted fetuses at 200 mg/kg.d, but all of these were present in a single litter. Further, the same dose killed 5 of 30 dams.     

Analysis of the state of structure and the basic parameters and indices of the operation of the large EAFs operating in the metallurgical plants in Russia

16 mln t steel were melted in 24 large electric arc furnaces (EAFs) in the metallurgical plants in Russia furnaces in 2011 at an annual capacity of 22 mln t of these furnaces. Among them, 17 EAFs are equipped with eccentric bottom tapping and operate with a “bog.” Three EAFs use the heat of effluent gases for heating of a charged scrap: a shaft heater at the Cherepovets metallurgical works (CherMK) and conveyer heating in the Ashinsk metallurgical plant. The DSP-120 furnace in CherMK has the best indices in Russia for operation with cast iron: electric power consumption of 260 kWh/t and a heat time of 49 min. Nine EAFs operating in metallurgical works use 20–30% liquid iron in a charge, which decreases the electric power consumption by 80–100 kWh/t. The working space and the EAF dimensions are important. A groundless decrease in the electrode failure diameter (1200 mm or smaller) leads to problems in the EAF transformer operation at a transformer power higher than 100 MVA and a secondary voltage higher than 1000 V. The performance of EAFs and the reliability of equipment operation depend on the working space height, the electric holder stroke, the distance between the axes of chair segments, the distance from the furnace axis to the axis of electric holder supports, and so on. Engineers in OOO NTP Akont determined the optimum sizes and relations between them for 120- to 130-t EAFs.     

The importance of integral approaches in the search for predictors and in the study of the mechanisms of the occurrence and development of epilepsy

The peculiarities are described of brain electric activity of inbred mice and rats susceptible and resistant to epileptogenic influence. The EEG are discussed of anti- and proconvulsant drugs in man and animal models. Brain weight and dermatoglyphic patterns are suggested as predictors of epilepsy development.     

Similarities and differences in the cytoarchitecture of the tectum of frogs and salamanders

Frogs exhibit a morphologically complex (multiply laminated) optic tectum, while salamanders have one of the morphologically simplest tecta among vertebrates. In a comparative approach, the morphology of tectal projection neurons is investigated in three salamander species, Hydromantes italicus, H. genei and Plethodon jordani, and two frog species, Discoglossus pictus and Eleutherodactylus coqui, by means of retrograde Biocytin labeling complemented by intracellular Biocytin staining of cells. Despite striking differences in the gross anatomy of the tectum, salamanders and frogs have the same types of tectal neurons with respect to their dendritic arborization and the pattern of ipsilaterally and bilaterally ascending (to praetectum and thalamus) and ipsilaterally or contralaterally descending projections (to nucleus isthmi, medulla oblongata and rostral spinal cord). In the light of these findings, the relationship between morphological complexity of the tectum and behavioral complexity (feeding behavior) is discussed.     

网络时代高校思想政治工作面临的机遇、挑战及对策

在网络时代,高校思想政治工作正面临着新的机遇和挑战,因此如何应对网络经济的挑战是新形势下改进和加强高校思想政治工作的重要课题。     

Kinematics of the pelvic girdle and the thoracic and lumbar segments in the course of the lateral inclinations and rotations of the spine

Physiological displacements of the trunk are the addition of these of the pelvic girdle and thoracic and lumbar spine segments. For a long time (3), this conjunction had been noticed but without numbered precisions. The purpose of this communication is to appreciate quantitatively, from a series of 16 subjects, the respective share of each components during lateral bending movements in the frontal plan and movements of rotation in the transverse plan. It results from this work that the pelvic girdle presents as reduced amplitude (4 degrees) in lateral bending on the other hand, displacement predominate to the level of thoracic spine (50 degrees). In rotation pelvic displacements are very important (30 degrees), while the spine so thoracic that lumbar has a weak participation (inferior to 5 degrees). Moderated abduction of hips increases by significant manner the motility of the pelvic girdle.     

Expression of vimentin and GFAP and development of the retina in the trout

The glial cell development was studied during the edification of the retina and the optic tract, in a teleost, the rainbow trout. The intermediate filament proteins, vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were visualized by an indirect immunohistochemical method. Results show that both vimentin and GFAP are early expressed in the developing retina and, particularly in the Müller cells, a coexpression of vimentin and GFAP is observed from embryonic to adult stages. The ganglion cell layer and the optic fiber layer both exhibit GFAP-positive structures. The deep staining for GFAP is also seen in the optic nerve and induces us to credit astrocyte-like cells with a leading role in the pattern formation of this tract.     

Reserpine in the prevention of migraine and in the therapy of tension-vascular headache

The results of many researches on migraine pathogenesis and our knowledge of the pharmacological action of reserpine led us to start using it in migraine prophylaxis ten years ago. For this purpose, standardized cycles of twenty administrations--heach dose being of 0.20 mg--were given intravenously; each cycle lasted a period of six to eight weeks. The positive data obtained on 300 patients suffering from severe migraine resulted statistically significant. Then, a double-blind clinical trial was carried out in Turin in agreement with a double-blind biochemical trial carried out in Copenhagen by Fog-M?ller, Dalsgaard-Nielsen, Byrndum and Kemp Genefke. The results obtained have confirmed the efficacy of reserpine administered in appropriate doses and enabled the demonstration of its pharmacological mechanism. The results obtained also in "tension-vascular headache" with reserpine treatment were reviewed retrospectively and were highly significant.     

Changes in the concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione in the plasma and testis of the guinea-pig from birth to death

Testosterone and androstenedione concentrations in the plasma and testis of male guinea-pigs were estimated by gas chromatography at intervals (36 stages) from birth to death. Four main periods of androgenic activity were recognized. The neonatal period, from birth to Day 16, is characterized by a precocious but transient peak in plasma testosterone concentration at Days 2 and 3. The pubertal period from Days 16 to 90 can be subdivided into a prepubertal period starting on Day 16 and marked by a sudden linear increase in plasma and testicular testosterone concentration together with an increase in testicular and seminal vesicle weight, and a postpubertal period, from Day 50 (the time of hormonal puberty) to Day 90, characterized by high and stable androgen levels while testicular and genital tract development continues. Adulthood spans the period between Months 3-6 and Month 24; plasma and testicular concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione are stable but lower than those observed during puberty. The period of senescence occurs between Months 24 and 28 and is marked by a fall in testosterone secretion and involution of the seminiferous tubules and accessory sex glands.     

Changes in the microflora of the sputum and the bronchoalveolar fluid in patients with acute and protracted pneumonias

A quantitative technique was used to microbiological study of sputum in 110 patients with acute pneumonia and 56 with advanced pneumonia, in 38 of them, their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was simultaneously examined. In acute pneumonia, Pneumococcus was most commonly (71.8%) cultured, frequently in combination with other microorganisms, mainly with Neisseria and Enterobacteriaceae. These patients were found to have higher pneumococcal cultivation rates (83.0%) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Following 3 weeks of etiotropic therapy, the pneumococcal cultivation rates dropped to 10.8%. Pneumococcus also occupied the leading place (69.6%) in the etiology of advanced pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae was detected by the indirect immunofluorescence test in 28.5% of patients. After 3-week therapy, the cultivation rates for Pneumococcus decreased to 23.0%, its association with other microbes being more frequently observed. At the same time there was a rise in the detection rate of Mycoplasma antigen, which could cause advanced pneumonia.     

Free skin-adipose and mucous tissue autotransplantation in the reconstruction of atrophic changes in the orbit and scarring of the conjunctival sulcus in war and peace conditions

We presented two cases with volume deficit of orbit and conjunctival contracture of socket. Both of them were with superior sulcus deformity and conjunctival contracture and symblepharon. The patients underwent reconstructive plastic surgery with an implantation of autogenous dermis-fat graft in the superior sulcus and implantation of oral mucous in the cul-de sac in the same manner. Five months after the second operation we noted good cosmetic results.