船体钢止裂温度与无塑性转变温度相关性分析

基于AH36、EH36和FH500三种船体钢的梯度温度场型双重拉伸试验和落锤试验结果,对止裂温度和无塑性转变温度的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,三种船体钢止裂温度与无塑性转变温度之间存在一定的对应关系,反映了两种试验方法之间存在一定的相关性。     

高强度钢板止裂性能与常规力学性能的相关性分析

统计分析了15组高强度钢板止裂温度CAT与抗拉强度Rm、韧脆转变特征温度ETT50、无塑性转变温度NDT、碳当量Ceq、韧脆转变特性参量k和板厚t的相关性规律。在此基础上建立反映其内在联系的相关性方程:(1)CAT=2.88·NDT-0.002 4·R_m·NDT+0.138·kt~2;(2)CAT=388.5·Ceq-0.21·R_m-0.006·lnkt~2。     

高强度厚钢板止裂韧性K_(ca)与常规力学性能的相关性分析

统计分析了28组采用TMCP工艺制造的高强度厚钢板-10℃止裂韧性K_(ca)与屈服强度R_(P0.2)、抗拉强度R_m、-40℃冲击功KV_2、-20℃和-40℃动态撕裂能DTE、零塑性转变温度T_(NDT)的相关性规律,结果表明,-10℃止裂韧性K_(ca)与心部抗拉强度R_m和侧面零塑性转变温度T_(NDT)的相关度较高,随着心部抗拉强度R_m的增高和侧面零塑性转变温度T_(NDT)的降低,-10℃止裂韧性K_(ca)增大;在此基础上建立了-10℃止裂韧性K_(ca)与心部抗拉强度R_m、侧面零塑性转变温度T_(NDT)和板厚t的相关性方程K_(ca)=13.358·R_m-90.530·T_(NDT)-7.324·t~(1.5)或K_(ca)=13.427·R_m-74.845·T_(NDT)-0.635·t~2。     

船用低合金高强钢止裂温度相关性研究

为研究不同温度场条件下所测止裂温度的相关性,针对4种批号船用低合金高强钢,分别开展等温型双重拉伸试验和梯度温度型(以下简称"梯温型")双重拉伸试验,测得了等温型止裂温度和梯温型止裂温度.结果表明,在同一主拉伸应力水平下,梯温型止裂温度值均高于等温型止裂温度值,两者差值与主拉伸应力近似呈线性增长关系、与板厚近似呈二次函数...     

基于梯度温度型双重拉伸试验的低合金钢板止裂温度估算式

在运用能量守恒原理分析止裂过程的基础上,通过统计52组低合金钢板试验数据,分析了梯度温度型双重拉伸试验测定的止裂温度和应力、板厚、表面-40℃冲击韧性的相关性规律,建立了止裂温度估算式:Tk=-66.1+0.011 8·σ·t2KV2。     

拉伸速率控制模式及拉伸速率对冷轧薄板强度测试结果的影响

按照GB/T 228.1—2010中推荐的不同拉伸速率控制模式及拉伸速率对冷轧镀锌钢板进行了拉伸对比试验,分析了应变速率、横梁位移速率及应力速率对冷轧薄板规定非比例延伸强度R_p0.2、下屈服强度R以及抗拉强度R_tn测试结果的影响。结果表明:采用应变速率进行控制得到的拉伸试验数据相对其他两种速率控制模式更为稳定,可以最大限度地降低拉伸测试结果的不确定度;采用0.000 25 s^-1的应变速率控制模式所得试验结果的稳定性与采用40～50 MPa·s^-1的应力速率控制模式所得结果较为接近;在不同拉伸速率控制模式下,提高应变、横梁位移和应力速率均会使屈服强度R_p0.2和R_el增加,而抗拉强度R_tn基本上处于稳定状态。     

梯温型宽板拉伸止裂试验中的参量相关性分析

对梯温型宽板拉伸止裂试验中的止裂韧性K_(ca)、止裂温度T_K、止裂应力σca的相关性规律进行了理论分析,结果表明,相同温度下的止裂韧性和止裂应力呈线性关系,其线性系数由试板宽度Ws、温度场参数(T150、GT)和温度T_K确定;对21组试验数据的统计分析结果验证了该相关性规律。     

Q420qE桥梁钢深缺口断裂强度特性试验研究

开展了20 mm厚Q420qE钢-80℃～+20℃下的深缺口宽板拉伸试验和标准光滑试样拉伸试验,试验结果表明:随温度的降低,光滑试样的断裂强度R_f逐步增大,断裂应变e_f基本不变,而深缺口试样的断裂强度R_n则出现明显的下降。为表征R_n与R_f、e_f及温度的相关性,提出了引入温度项的修正Neuber公式,修正后的公式计算得到的R_n值与实测值的偏差在±5%以内,这一结果表明,对于深缺口宽板拉伸试验,温度的降低可能会增大缺口引起的应力应变集中效应。      

集装箱船用高强度厚钢板止裂韧性指标值的初步实验验证

针对大型集装箱船用85 mm和90 mm高强度EH40和EH47厚钢板,结合最大设计应力和不同止裂韧性值对应的温度,开展了等温型双重拉伸试验,以验证止裂韧性技术指标值(板厚80 mm时-10℃下止裂韧性Kca≥8 000 N/mm~(3/2))的有效性。结果表明,对于试验用高强度厚钢板,在-10℃、K_(ca)=8 000 N/mm~(3/2)条件下,钢板能够止裂,技术指标值有效。     

微薄板塑性成形本构关系研究

尺寸效应的影响使得传统的成形理论和变形机制不再适用于微塑性成形.在考虑尺寸效应对微薄板成形性能影响的基础上,对已有的CuZn36黄铜薄板微拉伸实验结果进行处理,提出了一种研究微塑性成形本构关系的方法.根据弹性和塑性变形过程,分阶段分析了t/d(板厚/晶粒大小)对屈服强度和切线模量的影响,修正了双线性弹塑性本构关系,获得了考虑尺寸效应的微塑性成形本构关系.借鉴宏观增量本构关系,结合微拉伸实验,采用Mises屈服准则和随动强化模型,得出适合微塑性成形的弹塑性增量本构方程,为微塑性成形的理论研究和实际应用奠定了基础.     

Inference of critical cod from Charpy V test result

Correlation between the Charpy absorbed energy and critical COD is investigated to obtain a useful method for estimating critical COD from Charpy V data. The round bar tension test, Charpy V-notch test and static 3-point bend test with fatigue notched specimen are carried out using mild steel, 785 MPa grade high strength steel and A5083 aluminum alloy. Correlation is found between W'_c/σ_Y and δ_c as well as between EW'_c/σ_Y² and Eδ_c/σ_Y, where W'_c is the Charpy absorbed energy obtained by considering temperature difference between the Charpy transition temperature and COD transition temperature. The symbols σ_Y, δ_c and E are yield strength, critical COD and Young's modulus, respectively. The correlations are established for various kinds of metals and over a wide temperature range including not only upper shelf range but also the transition range.     

The influence of structural dimensions on crack arrest

An energy balance has been used for the prediction of toughness values required to ensure arrest in double tension crack arrest tests. The analysis required calculation of the total energy that depended on the force applied to the main plate and the effective length of the structure including the test frame. Theoretical calculations indicated that the energy release rate at crack arrest was governed by both the width and the length of the structure

     

船体钢止裂性能表征参量止裂温度和止裂韧性的对比分析

基于AH36、EH36和FH500三种船体钢的梯度温度场型双重拉伸试验结果,对止裂温度和止裂韧性分别作为止裂性能表征参量的特点进行了分析。结果表明,与止裂韧性相比,止裂温度测试稳定性好、工程适用性好,更宜作为船体钢止裂性能的工程应用表征参量。     

Crack arrest testing of high strength structural steels for naval applications

The crack arrest fracture toughness of two high strength steel alloys used in naval construction, HSLA-100, Composition 3 and HY-100, was characterized in this investigation. A greatly scaled-down version of the wide-plate crack arrest test was developed to characterize the crack arrest performance of these tough steel alloys in the upper region of the ductile-brittle transition. The specimen is a single edge-notched, 152 mm wide by 19 mm thick by 910 mm long plate subjected to a strong thermal gradient and a tensile loading. The thermal gradient is required to arrest the crack at temperatures high in the transition region, close to the expected service temperature for crack arrest applications in surface ships. Strain gages were placed along the crack path to obtain crack position and crack velocity data, and this data, along with the applied loading is combined in a “generation mode” analysis using finite element analysis to obtain a dynamic analysis of the crack arrest event. Detailed finite element analyses were conducted to understand the effect of various modeling assumptions on the results and to validate the methodology compared with more conventional crack arrest tests.Brittle cracks initiation, significant cleavage crack propagation and subsequent crack arrest was achieved in all 15 of the tests conducted in this investigation. A crack arrest master curve approach was used to characterize and compare the crack arrest fracture toughness. The HSLA-100, Comp. 3 steel alloy had superior performance to the HY-100 steel alloy. The crack arrest reference temperature was T_KIA = −136 °C for the HSLA-100 plate and T_KIA = −64 °C for the HY-100 plate.     

SOME COMMENTS ON A CURRENT MODEL FOR SCATTER OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS IN CARBON STEELS

Abstract The present paper proposes possible mechanisms to explain the following experimental facts reported in the literature.

• 1 Fracture toughness has little dependence on plate thickness in the low temperature range.
• 2 In some steels, crack initiation sites are much closer to the crack tip than predicted in the transition temperature range by current theory.

The former was attributed to little difference between fracture toughness at crack initiation and that of crack arrest in the low temperature range, and the latter was explained by accounting for the plastic strain effect on crack initiation.