Design of High Sensitive Temperature Sensor Based on Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal

In this effort, a two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator (2DPCRR) is simulated. This device is developed for temperature detection in harsh enviro     

Detection of Fat Concentration in Milk Using Ternary Photonic Crystal

Silicon - Rapid and sensitive detection of fat concentration in milk is a necessary part for citizens in each country. Bio-photonic sensing techniques are an accurate best way to detect biosensing...     

Design of an Ultra-Compact and Highly-Sensitive Temperature Sensor Using Photonic Crystal Based Single Micro-Ring Resonator and Cascaded Micro-Ring Resonator

Silicon - In the present report, a photonic crystal based micro-ring resonator (MRR) structure is proposed which is very compact in size and has very fast response and is employed for temperature...     

Novel Design for the Temperature Sensing Using Annular Photonic Crystals

Silicon - In this research, a high-performance temperature sensor of a one-dimensional defective annular photonic crystal is proposed. The structure design of our proposed defective annular...     

Design and Simulation of a Fast All-Optical Modulator Based on Photonic Crystal Using Ring Resonators

Silicon - In the present paper, the design and simulation of a fast all-optical modulator based on the photonic crystal structure have been presented and its performance characteristics have been...     

中远红外超宽波段高反射一维光子晶体薄膜结构设计

红外高反射薄膜是实现超低损耗光学器件、红外隐身等技术的关键基础材料。根据多层光学薄膜的传输矩阵原理,得到一维光子晶体的反射率和透射率表达式,分析推导了一维光子晶体的能带结构。利用传输矩阵原理,以Ge和Si O₂为介质材料设计了28层λ/4一维光子晶体结构。随后,利用有限元法计算其光子能带,使用折射率差值更大的Pb Se和Si O₂,计算出光子晶体的第一、第二禁带分别为2.01×10¹³~4.11×10¹³Hz和8.13×10¹⁴~1.02×10¹⁴Hz。优化后的λ/4一维光子晶体结构层数低至14层,实现了3~5μm和8~14μm的高反射率。     

二维椭圆介质柱光折变光子晶体的制作

对6个点光源进行光学傅里叶变换,在自散焦光折变掺铁铌酸锂晶体中成功制作了具有100余条椭圆柱阵列波导。研究表明,这些阵列波导构成了大带隙的椭圆柱光子晶体。测得沿着椭圆长轴、短轴方向的晶格常数分别26um和15um。     

激光晶体生长炉高精度晶体称重装置设计

针对激光晶体生长过程中晶体重量增长缓慢、现有称重装置精确度不高的问题,设计了一种用于激光晶体生长炉的高精度晶体称重装置。实测结果表明,该称重装置结构简单合理,机械结构的强度和刚度满足要求,与激光晶体生长炉适配性高,稳定性好,大幅提高了晶体称量精度。     

一维光折变光子晶体正负折射率的实验实现

对利用光学方法在掺铁铌酸锂晶体中制作一维光折变光子晶体时的正负折射率进行了详细的理论分析和实验研究。当采用成像法制作一维光折变光子晶体时,通过控制成像掩模条纹的占空比,晶体中折射率降低的基础上出现了升高区域,即晶体内正、负折射率同时存在。实验结果显示,这种折射率分布与最佳占空比息息相关,并提高了一维光折变光子晶体折射率的对比度。     

Decentralized Control System Design for a Ternary Reactive Distillation with Inert Using Mixed Integer Optimization

Inferential control of ternary reactive distillation with inert is controversially discussed in recent literature. For further clarification, a systematic study based on mixed integer dynamic optimization is presented. Special emphasis is placed on robustness with respect to various disturbances arising in practice. This gives rise to a stochastic problem formulation which is extended step by step. Through this, significant improvements can be achieved and it is concluded that inferential control of ternary reactive distillation with inert is feasible.     

Unique Crystal Structure of a Novel Surfactant Protein from the Foam Nest of the Frog Leptodactylus vastus

Breeding by releasing eggs into stable biofoams (“foam nests”) is a peculiar reproduction mode within anurans, fish, and tunicates; not much is known regarding the biochemistry or molecular mechanisms involved. Lv‐ranaspumin (Lv‐RSN‐1) is the predominant protein from the foam nest of the frog Leptodactylus vastus. This protein shows natural surfactant activity, which is assumed to be crucial for stabilizing foam nests. We elucidated the amino acid sequence of Lv‐RSN‐1 by de novo sequencing with mass‐spectrometry and determined the high‐resolution X‐ray structure of the protein. It has a unique fold mainly composed of a bundle of 11 α‐helices and two small antiparallel β‐strands. Lv‐RSN‐1 has a surface rich in hydrophilic residues and a lipophilic cavity in the region of the antiparallel β‐sheet. It possesses intrinsic surface‐active properties, reducing the surface tension of water from 73 to 61 mN m^?1 (15 μg mL^?1). Lv‐RSN‐1 belongs to a new class of surfactants proteins for which little has been reported regarding structure or function.     

四电极电导传感器敏感场的理论分析

针对水为连续相条件下的油水两相流含水率测量问题,首先分析了环形四电极电导传感器敏感场正问题的数学模型。之后在此模型基础上,利用分离变量法推导了均匀媒质时传感器内部电势、轴向电流和径向电流的分布,并得到了简单非均匀媒质时场域内各点电压的数学理论解。最后,建立了油水两相环状流型下电导传感器含水率测量模型。结果表明,该模型与Begovich＆Watson经典公式吻合,为进一步深入研究电导传感器的响应特性奠定了基础。     

Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Strains Derived from the Novel Crystal Protein Cry31Aa with High Nematicidal Activity against Rice Parasitic Nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi

The plant parasitic nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, is a serious pest causing severe damage to various crop plants and vegetables. The Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains, GBAC46 and NMTD81, and the biological strain, FZB42, showed higher nematicidal activity against A. besseyi, by up to 88.80, 82.65, and 75.87%, respectively, in a 96-well plate experiment. We screened the whole genomes of the selected strains by protein-nucleic acid alignment. It was found that the Bt strain GBAC46 showed three novel crystal proteins, namely, Cry31Aa, Cry73Aa, and Cry40ORF, which likely provide for the safe control of nematodes. The Cry31Aa protein was composed of 802 amino acids with a molecular weight of 90.257 kDa and contained a conserved delta-endotoxin insecticidal domain. The Cry31Aa exhibited significant nematicidal activity against A. besseyi with a lethal concentration (LC₅₀) value of 131.80 μg/mL. Furthermore, the results of in vitro experiments (i.e., rhodamine and propidium iodide (PI) experiments) revealed that the Cry31Aa protein was taken up by A. besseyi, which caused damage to the nematode’s intestinal cell membrane, indicating that the Cry31Aa produced a pore-formation toxin. In pot experiments, the selected strains GBAC46, NMTD81, and FZB42 significantly reduced the lesions on leaves by up to 33.56%, 45.66, and 30.34% and also enhanced physiological growth parameters such as root length (65.10, 50.65, and 55.60%), shoot length (68.10, 55.60, and 59.45%), and plant fresh weight (60.71, 56.45, and 55.65%), respectively. The number of nematodes obtained from the plants treated with the selected strains (i.e., GBAC46, NMTD81, and FZB42) and A. besseyi was significantly reduced, with 0.56, 0.83., 1.11, and 5.04 seedling mL⁻¹ nematodes were achieved, respectively. Moreover, the qRT-PCR analysis showed that the defense-related genes were upregulated, and the activity of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) increased while malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in rice leaves compared to the control. Therefore, it was concluded that the Bt strains GBAC46 and NMTD81 can promote rice growth, induce high expression of rice defense-related genes, and activate systemic resistance in rice. More importantly, the application of the novel Cry31Aa protein has high potential for the efficient and safe prevention and green control of plant parasitic nematodes.     

一种新型的热致性液晶固化剂的合成研究

合成了一种环氧树指的热致性液晶固化剂,研究了反应时间、反应温度和反应的滴加方式对合成反应的影响,利用红外光谱（FTIR）、偏 光显微镜（POM）、差热分析（DSC）、元素分析等手段确认液晶固化剂的结构。结果表明：合成反应条件对LCC的合成影响很大,应以反应温度55℃,反应时间4h,缓慢滴加最为合适,DSC和POM分析测试结构表明：该注晶固化剂在215-257℃范围内显示向列型液晶性。     

Submerged vs. Solid-State Conversion of Soybean Meal into a High Protein Feed Using Aureobasidium pullulans

The goal of this study was to assess the performance of Aureobasidium pullulans in converting soybean meal (SBM) into high protein feed using the submerged and solid-state processes. High solid loading rates (SLR) were evaluated for each process, i.e., 10–25% for submerged and 35–70% for static solid-state fermentation. During the submerged fermentation, 10% SLR was considered the best performer due to the high amount of cell density, low residual carbohydrates, and high protein titers, while 40% SLR resulted in the high protein yields and low residual carbohydrates during the static solid-state fermentation. The solid-state fermentation was conducted in a 14-L paddle-type reactor at 50% SLR, and periodic mixing resulted in a protein titer of ~58% at 72 hours of fermentation. Overall, results showed the feasibility of scaling up these processes in converting SBM to a high protein feed ingredient for animal diet.     

Design and Synthesis of a Novel PLK1 Inhibitor Scaffold Using a Hybridized 3D-QSAR Model

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) plays an important role in cell cycle progression and proliferation in cancer cells. PLK1 also contributes to anticancer drug resistance and is a valuable target in anticancer therapeutics. To identify additional effective PLK1 inhibitors, we performed QSAR studies of two series of known PLK1 inhibitors and proposed a new structure based on a hybridized 3D-QSAR model. Given the hybridized 3D-QSAR models, we designed and synthesized 4-benzyloxy-1-(2-arylaminopyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamides, and we inspected its inhibitory activities to identify novel PLK1 inhibitors with decent potency and selectivity.     

Novel Crystal Growth of In Situ WC in Selective Laser‐Melted W–C–Ni Ternary System

The bulk‐form in situ WC‐based cermets were prepared by selective laser melting of W–C–Ni ternary powder system. The in situ formed WC crystals generally had a unique triangular microstructure which was developed via a layer‐by‐layer growth mechanism by the multilayered stacking of (0001) basal planes of WC. An increase in the applied laser energy density, which was realized by increasing laser power or decreasing scan speed, resulted in the coarsening of in situ WC crystals in both side length and thickness, due to the elevated heat accumulation at the tips of the triangular WC crystals.     

COMBO-FISH Enables High Precision Localization Microscopy as a Prerequisite for Nanostructure Analysis of Genome Loci

With the completeness of genome databases, it has become possible to develop a novel FISH (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) technique called COMBO-FISH (COMBinatorial Oligo FISH). In contrast to other FISH techniques, COMBO-FISH makes use of a bioinformatics approach for probe set design. By means of computer genome database searching, several oligonucleotide stretches of typical lengths of 15–30 nucleotides are selected in such a way that all uniquely colocalize at the given genome target. The probes applied here were Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs)—synthetic DNA analogues with a neutral backbone—which were synthesized under high purity conditions. For a probe repetitively highlighted in centromere 9, PNAs labeled with different dyes were tested, among which Alexa 488^® showed reversible photobleaching (blinking between dark and bright state) a prerequisite for the application of SPDM (Spectral Precision Distance/Position Determination Microscopy) a novel technique of high resolution fluorescence localization microscopy. Although COMBO-FISH labeled cell nuclei under SPDM conditions sometimes revealed fluorescent background, the specific locus was clearly discriminated by the signal intensity and the resulting localization accuracy in the range of 10–20 nm for a detected oligonucleotide stretch. The results indicate that COMBO-FISH probes with blinking dyes are well suited for SPDM, which will open new perspectives on molecular nanostructural analysis of the genome.     

一种新型热致性液晶聚酯酰亚胺的合成与表征

在Higashi直接缩聚法的基础上,利用分步投料法,以N,N-己二撑-1,6-双苯偏三酸酰亚胺二胺(IA6)、对羟基苯甲酸(PHB)和对苯二酚二对羟基苯甲酸酯(PHQ)为主要原料,合成了一种新型三元共聚液晶聚酯酰亚胺(IA6PP)。采用FTIR、DSC、TGA、POM和WAXD等方法研究了单体种类对所合成的聚合物结构和性能的影响。结果表明:IA6PP呈现出典型的向列型液晶的特征,液晶温度区间为252~365℃,热稳定性明显高于由4,4-二羟基二苯甲酮(DHBP)、IA6和PHB合成的液晶聚酯酰亚胺(IA6PD)。     

Chronic Effects of a High Sucrose Diet on Murine Gastrointestinal Nutrient Sensor Gene and Protein Expression Levels and Lipid Metabolism

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) plays a key role in regulating nutrient metabolism and appetite responses. This study aimed to identify changes in the GIT that are important in the development of diet related obesity and diabetes. GIT samples were obtained from C57BL/6J male mice chronically fed a control diet or a high sucrose diet (HSD) and analysed for changes in gene, protein and metabolite levels. In HSD mice, GIT expression levels of fat oxidation genes were reduced, and increased de novo lipogenesis was evident in ileum. Gene expression levels of the putative sugar sensor, slc5a4a and slc5a4b, and fat sensor, cd36, were downregulated in the small intestines of HSD mice. In HSD mice, there was also evidence of bacterial overgrowth and a lipopolysaccharide activated inflammatory pathway involving inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In Caco-2 cells, sucrose significantly increased the expression levels of the nos2, iNOS and nitric oxide (NO) gas levels. In conclusion, sucrose fed induced obesity/diabetes is associated with changes in GI macronutrient sensing, appetite regulation and nutrient metabolism and intestinal microflora. These may be important drivers, and thus therapeutic targets, of diet-related metabolic disease.