舰船用钛-钢复合过渡接头焊接态疲劳性能试验研究

针对舰船用钛-钢复合过渡接头应用要求,进行了钛-钢过渡接头焊接态拉-压、拉-剪和弯曲疲劳试验,结果表明,疲劳寿命为200万次时,钛钢复合过渡接头结构件的拉-压疲劳极限为73.0 MPa,拉-剪疲劳极限为62.96 MPa,弯曲疲劳最大应力达到360 MPa且接头本身未破坏。拉-压疲劳和拉-剪疲劳S-N曲线可为舰船钛-钢复合过渡接头结构的设计提供支撑。     

某型船用铝-钢复合过渡接头焊接态疲劳性能试验研究

针对某型船用铝-钢复合过渡接头应用的要求,对铝-钢过渡接头焊接态疲劳性能进行检测并用扫描电镜对断口进行试验分析。结果发现,在应力值80 MPa~196 MPa范围内,经过2×106次的弯曲疲劳试验,均未发生断裂现象,该应力值已完全满足设计要求;当应力值达到224 MPa时,疲劳寿命已不能满足设计要求;通过对断口分析确定铝-铝界面漩涡边缘的空洞为裂纹源。     

钛-钢爆炸复合板熔焊对接过渡层焊接材料

通过设计TA1-X80爆炸复合板熔焊连接过渡层焊接材料及焊接工艺,结合复合板对接实验及接头组织、成分及性能测试实验,研究钛-钢复合板熔焊对接的过渡层焊接材料及工艺。结果表明:开Y型坡口并采用近钛层+近钢层双层过渡,且近钛层采用Ti-Ni-Al合金系、近钢层采用Ni-Cr-Fe合金系,可实现钛-钢复合板的冶金对接。焊缝组织由钛层粗大等轴晶逐渐转变为过渡层细小等轴晶或树枝晶,并与钢层组织相互交织连接;所得接头抗拉强度及屈服强度分别为501.1,373.0MPa,均达到了复合板接头等强匹配效果,塑/韧性稍有不足,需通过减小过渡层厚度、调整焊材中细化晶粒元素等改善焊缝塑/韧性。     

8.8级螺栓用ML40Cr钢的疲劳性能和裂纹扩展行为

针对紧固螺栓在不同预紧力下的疲劳可靠性问题,对ML40Cr钢母材进行拉-拉疲劳和对称三点弯曲实验,研究输电铁塔用8.8级紧固螺栓用钢的疲劳性能和裂纹扩展行为。拉-拉疲劳实验的结果表明,在不同应变幅的疲劳加载条件下,以材料抗拉强度的50%作为平均应力时ML40Cr光滑试样的疲劳极限为263 MPa,缺口试样的疲劳极限为95 MPa。用有效应力(σ)参数法处理平均应力对ML40Cr疲劳曲线的影响,得到8.8级螺栓用钢ML40Cr的疲劳缺口敏感度为0.31。依据对称三点弯曲实验的疲劳实验结果,得到8.8级螺栓用钢ML40Cr的裂纹扩展速率关系式为da/d N=10-10(?K)2.2。探讨ML40Cr用钢的缺口疲劳强度和疲劳裂纹扩展机制。     

大规格铝合金-纯铝-钢爆炸复合板制备及性能研究

通过爆炸工艺制备出大规格船用铝合金-纯铝-钢(5083/1060/CCSB)爆炸焊接复合板,并对其结合质量、力学性能及界面形态进行了研究。结果表明,复合板的结合质量良好;铝/钢界面的剪切强度达到75 MPa以上,其它力学性能也均达到了CCS《材料与焊接规范》2012及《铝-铝-钢过渡接头标准》(Q/725—1100—2001)的要求;界面形态的分析表明,铝/钢界面呈近似于直线状结合,铝/铝界面呈波状结合。     

粘接剂对1420铝锂合金压印接头疲劳性能的影响

压印连接以高效率、低能耗的优点在薄板材料连接中被广泛应用,但其连接强度相对较低,鉴于此,压印-粘接复合连接应运而生。本文以1420铝锂合金为原材料,制备了1420同种材料组合的压印接头及压印-粘接复合接头并进行对比。通过拉-剪静态力学试验测定两种接头的静力学强度及承载能力,通过拉-拉动态疲劳试验测定两种接头的动态疲劳性能,采用三参数法拟合疲劳寿命曲线,并对疲劳失效断口进行分析。结果表明:压-粘接头的静强度比压印接头提高了108.17%,接头承载能力提高169.63%。在短寿命区,两种接头均为颈部断裂失效;在中长疲劳寿命区,压-粘接头的疲劳寿命优于压印接头,压-粘接头疲劳断裂位置为压印点,压印接头疲劳断裂位置为下板。对疲劳断口进行SEM分析,发现两组疲劳断口均呈现韧性断裂与脆性断裂同时出现的特征。     

铝-钛-钢爆炸复合板在不同海域的腐蚀行为

根据铝-钛-钢爆炸复合板的应用环境,将其投放在青岛、舟山和厦门3个海域的潮差区和飞溅区,暴露1年、4年后对材料腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明：该复合板在3个海域的腐蚀均以电偶腐蚀为主,铝层（1060）腐蚀程度比较严重,特别是在复合板侧面铝与钛交界处的铝,其腐蚀程度最为严重,形成很深的沟槽;3个海域暴露时间与腐蚀深度不为线性关系,而是随着时问的延长腐蚀变得缓慢;3个海域潮差区的试样正面腐蚀程度的大小顺序是舟山〉青岛〉厦门,侧面的腐蚀程度大小顺序是厦门〉青岛〉舟山;飞溅区的试样正面腐蚀程度的大小顺序是厦门〉青岛,侧面腐蚀程度顺序大小是青岛〉厦门。     

超细晶粒钢的疲劳性能

采用常规疲劳试验方法分别对400MPa级和500MPa级两种热轧态超细晶粒钢进行了疲劳试验,分析了这两种超细晶粒钢的疲劳性能,并研究了超细晶粒钢疲劳裂纹萌生的机制。结果表明：由于500MPa级超细晶粒钢的晶粒尺寸相比400MPa级钢的更细小,因此其疲劳性能优于400MPa级钢的;在应力比R=-1、正弦波加载、循环周次基数N=5×10^6次的条件下,500MPa级和400MPa级超细晶粒钢的条件疲劳强度分别为270MPa和220MPa;两种超细晶粒钢的疲劳裂纹均在试样表面形核,且呈单源特征。     

铝-钢爆炸焊接试验与分析

介绍了一种铝-钢复合板爆炸焊接工艺，包括所采用的炸药、复合板的性能和爆炸焊接材料的准备等。采用了金相技术、电子探钳和电子显微镜物相鉴定手段以及力学性能分析．结果显示．该复合板的结合区存在着金属强烈的塑性变形、熔化和原子间的相互扩散等冶金过程；铝-钢复合板是一种具有特殊使用性能的新型结构材料．具有很高的经济效益和广泛的应用前景。     

不同热处理制度对钛-钢复合板的影响

采用爆炸焊接方法制作大面积钛-钢复合板,在爆炸焊接完成后需进行热处理以消除爆炸焊接过程中产生的应力。本文研究了不同热处理制度对钛-钢复合板的影响,并确定了合适的钛-钢复合板热处理制度。     

Fatigue and fracture behavior of laser clad repair of AerMet® 100 ultra-high strength steel

The effect of laser cladding on the fatigue and fracture behavior under variable amplitude loading is a major consideration for the development of laser cladding process to repair high value complex fatigue critical aerospace military components, that otherwise would be replaced. The selected material, AerMet®100, is a widely used ultra-high strength steel in current and next generation aerospace components, such as landing gears. Laser cladding was performed using AerMet® 100 powder on AerMet® 100 fatigue substrate specimens. No micro-cracking and very little porosity were observed in the clad layer. The fatigue tests were performed under variable amplitude loading with a maximum stress of 1000 MPa. Residual stress, microstructure, and hardness, was also evaluated. Both the as-clad and post-heat treated (PHT) samples were compared to a baseline sample with an artificial notch to simulate damaged condition. Results show that laser cladding significantly improves fatigue life, as compared to the baseline sample with a notch. However, the fatigue life of the as-clad sample is lower as compared to a baseline sample without a notch. A compressive residual stress of 300–500 MPa was observed in the clad region and HAZ. The fracture modes in the as-clad specimen consisted mainly of tearing topology surface and some regions of decohesive rupture through the columnar austenite grains. The PHT condition however was not effective in improving the fatigue life. The fracture modes showed mainly decohesive rupture, and as a consequence, reduced the fatigue life.     

Composite-to-metal tubular lap joints: strength and fatigue resistance

The axial strength and fatigue resistance of thick-walled, adhesively bonded E-glass composite-to-aluminum tubular lap joints have been measured for tensile and compressive loadings. The joint specimen bonds a 63 mm OD aluminium tube within each end of a 300 mm long, 6 mm thick E-glass/epoxy tube. Untapered, 12.5 mm thick aluminium adherends were used in all but four of the joint specimens. The aluminum adherends in the remaining four specimens were tapered to a thickness of 1 mm at the inner bond end (the bond end where the aluminum adherend terminates). For all loadings, joint failure initiates at the inner bond end as a crack grows in the adhesive adjacent to the interface. Test results for a tension-tension fatigue loading indicate that fatigue can severely degrade joint performance. Interestingly, measured tensile strength and fatigue resistance for joints with untapered adherends is substantially greater than compressive strength and fatigue resistance.The joint specimen has been analyzed in two different ways: one approach models the adhesive as an uncracked, elastic-perfectly plastic material, while the other approach uses a linear elastic fracture mechanics methodology. Results for the uncracked, elastic-plastic adhesive model indicate that observed bond failure occurs in the region of highest calculated stresses, extensive bond yielding occurs at load levels well below that required to fail the joint, and a tensile peel stress is generated by a compressive joint loading when the aluminum adherends are untapered. This latter result is consistent with the observed joint tensile-compressive strength differential. Results of the linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis of a joint with untapered aluminum adherends are also consistent with the observed differential strength effect since a mode I crack loading is predicted for a compressive joint loading. Calculations and a limited number of tests suggest that it may be possible to selectively control the differential strength effect by tapering the aluminum adherends. The effect of adherend material and thickness on fracture mechanics parameters is also investigated. The paper concludes by examining the applicability of linear elastic fracture mechanics to the joints tested.     

爆炸复合321/Q370qD双金属板对接接头的疲劳性能

采用轴向脉动拉伸疲劳试验,研究了爆炸复合321/Q370qD双金属板对接接头的疲劳性能。通过数理统计计算,获得了50%及97.7%两个置信度下试验材料的S—N曲线方程及据此确定的疲劳强度(2×10~6次),两个置信度下的疲劳强度均高于设计指标。对疲劳试样断口进行了观察,结果显示:疲劳裂纹大都起始于复合板对接接头的基层,个别起始于复层;裂纹稳定扩展区具有明显的疲劳辉纹,瞬断区具有典型的韧窝特征。断裂力学分析表明:疲劳裂纹起始于复合板不同组分的驱动力与复合板对接接头不同组分的循环屈服强度和弹性模量的乘积有关。     

半固态连接不锈钢-铝合金界面断裂性能分析

采用半固态连接技术制备了不锈钢-铝合金双金属材料,参照ASTM-E813标准,对这种双金属材料界面断裂行为进行了试验及数值分析,以KIC为评价指标,对不锈钢-半固态铝合金界面与铝合金基体的断裂韧性进行了比较.研究结果表明：采用三点弯曲实验方法,可以显著降低界面裂纹尖端的复杂应力水平;半固态连接不锈钢-半固态铝合金界面断裂为典型的脆性断裂,界面临界断裂韧性略低于基体铝合金的断裂韧性.     

High cycle fatigue characteristics of 2124-T851 aluminum alloy

The fatigue crack growth rate, fracture toughness and fatigue S-N curve of 2124-T851 aluminum alloy at high cycle fatigue condition were measured and fatigue fracture process and fractography were studied using optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that at room temperature and R = 0.1 conditions, the characteristics of fatigue fracture could be observed. Under those conditions, the fatigue strength and the fracture toughness of a 2124-T851 thick plate is 243 MPa and 29.64 MPa · m^1/2, respectively. At high cycle fatigue condition, the higher the stress amplitude, the wider the space between fatigue striations, the faster the rate of fatigue crack developing and going into the intermittent fracture area, and the greater the ratio between the intermittent fracture area and the whole fracture area.     

FH40+317L复合钢板焊接接头性能分析

对FH40+317L复合钢板的焊接工艺性能进行了试验,分析了焊接接头各区域的金相组织及冲击断口形貌特征。结果表明,FH40+317L复合钢板焊接接头强度及塑性与母材匹配,复层侧不同位置处冲击结果基本相当,-60℃冲击试样断口均为韧性断裂形貌,过渡层未出现马氏体组织。      

Comparison of fatigue properties between friction stir welds and TIG welds

对比分析了搅拌摩擦和氩弧焊两种工艺方法对铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能的影响,建立了焊接接头的S-N曲线,结果表明：在相同的载荷条件下,搅拌磨擦焊接接头的疲劳性能优于氩弧焊接头。搅拌摩擦焊接头疲劳寿命N=106次的疲劳强度值约为59~65MPa之间。对焊接接头显微组织的分析表明：搅拌摩擦焊接接头具有比氩弧焊接头更为细小的晶粒和狭窄的焊接热影响区,阻碍了滑移带的形成和裂纹的扩展,从而提高了接头的疲劳性能。TIG焊接接头疲劳端口分析显示,焊接缺陷是主要的疲劳裂纹源。     

Microstructures and tensile properties of laser cladded AerMet100 steel coating on 300 M steel

A layer of AerMet100 steel was coated on the surface of forged 300 M steel using laser cladding technique. The chemical compositions, microstructures, hardness and tensile properties of this AerMet100/300 M material were systematically investigated. Results show that the composition of the AerMet100 clad layer is macroscopically homogeneous, and a compositional transition zone with width of 150 μm is observed between the clad layer and heat affected zone. Microstructures in transition zone transform from the fine needle-like bainite in 300 M steel to the lath tempered martensite in AerMet100 clad layer. Microstructures in heat affected zone also gradually change from the thick plate bainite and blocky retained austenite (unstable heat affected zone) to fine needle-like bainite and film-like austenite (stable heat affected zone) due to different thermal cycle processes. Thick plate bainite together with blocky retained austenite in unstable heat affected zone reduce the strength and ductility of AerMet100/300 M material. However, the tensile specimens, consisting of clad layer and stable heat affected zone, show slightly inferior mechanical properties to 300 M steel. Ductile fracture exists in AerMet100 clad layer while quasi-cleavage fracture occurs in the stable heat affected zone.