热处理对SCR成形Al-1.5Mg-0.3Sc合金线材性能的影响

采用单辊搅拌冷却技术（Shearing—Cooling-Rolling，简称SCR）和在线固溶处理方法制备了Al-1．5Mg-0．3Sc（wt％）合金线材，研究了不同在线固溶温度条件下时效处理对合金线材的微观组织和拉伸性能的影响．结果表明：SCR技术对合金线材具有剪切细化功能，在铝基体内产生大量位错，时效析出大量Al3Sc强化相粒子，与位错交互作用．随着在线固溶温度下降，合金线材时效析出沉淀相Al3Sc的弥散度增加，合金线材的抗拉强度和延伸率提高；随着过时效时间的延长，合金线材的抗拉强度下降，线材的延伸率提高，时效8h，延伸率达峰值．     

7050铝合金铸锭中Al_3Zr的析出情况对锻板性能的影响

本工作采用不同均匀化工艺和控制Zr的添加量等手段获得了不同Al_3Zr析出情况的7050铝合金铸锭,系统研究了Al_3Zr的分布情况对相同厚度的7050-T74锻板的拉伸性能以及断裂韧性的影响规律。结果表明,Al_3Zr弥散相分布越均匀、数量密度越高,对抑制合金再结晶的作用越强,获得的亚晶晶粒越细小均匀。同时Al_3Zr相的分布会影响锻件的时效效果,当Al_3Zr相越细小、分布越密集,材料中MgZn_2过渡相对应的峰时效时间会提前,采用相同的T74时效制度,相应锻板的过时效时间延长,导致其力学强度降低较多。     

添加Sc对7055铝合金微观结构和力学性能的影响

研究了添加Sc元素对7055铝合金铸造、均匀化处理、轧制和固溶时效过程的微观结构演化以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,向7055溶液中添加质量分数为0.25%的Sc导致在铸造过程中形成初生Al3(Sc,Zr)相。这个相能促使合金发生非均质形核,显著细化合金的铸造组织。在7055-Sc铝合金的均匀化处理过程中析出高密度纳米Al3(Sc,Zr)相,不但能抑制晶粒粗化,而且在后期轧制变形和固溶时效处理过程中还起钉扎晶界、抑制回复与再结晶、保留纤维组织的作用。与7055铝合金相比,7055-Sc铝合金的晶粒尺寸更小,因此具有更有效的细晶强化效应。添加Sc的时效处理态7055铝合金的最大抗拉强度和显微硬度,分别提高到642 MPa和218 HV。     

少量Sc对7055铝合金组织与性能的影响

利用拉伸试验、光学金相、X射线物相分析、SEM及TEM等实验方法,研究了添加0.2%Sc(质量分数)对7055铝合金组织与性能的影响.实验结果表明,添加0.2%Sc可以显著细化7055铝合金铸态晶粒并减少晶界非平衡共晶相数量,促进非平衡共晶相在均匀化退火时的溶解,从而提高合金固溶度;由于Sc的添加可以提高7055Sc合金的溶质原子固溶度、形成更为均匀弥散分布的Al3ScZr粒子、以及抑制变形组织再结晶和有效细化固溶处理后的(亚)晶粒尺寸,因而显著提高7055Sc合金综合力学性能.     

热处理时效时间对激光增材制造Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金拉伸性能的影响研究

目的 研究热处理时效时间对激光增材制造Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金微观组织与拉伸性能的影响,揭示微观组织与力学性能的内在关联机制。方法 采用控制单一变量的试验方法进行时效热处理,设定保温温度为325 ℃,冷却方式为空冷,在不同保温时间(2、4、6、8 h)下进行组织与性能共通性及差异性分析。结果 经325 ℃时效热处理4 h后,在激光增材制造Al-Mg-Sc-Zr高强铝合金中形成了Al3Sc、Al3(Sc,Zr)析出相,抗拉强度达到最大值486 MPa,相较于未热处理,提升了21.8%,随着保温时间的进一步延长,析出相的高温停留时间变长,组织形核长大,Al3Sc、Al3(Sc,Zr)强化相尺寸明显增大,最大尺寸可达0.6 μm。结论 随着时效时间的延长,沉积道次间重熔边界逐渐不明显,热处理有助于Al3Sc、Al3(Sc,Zr)析出相的形成,而保温时间过长则容易导致析出相尺寸粗大,合理的热处理保温时间可以改善激光增材制造Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金微观组织与力学性能。     

热处理对GH783合金组织与性能的影响

研究了抗氧化型低膨胀高温合金GH783的热处理制度.结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,晶粒有所长大,在1140℃固溶晶粒开始不均匀长大;室温拉伸强度有所下降,高温拉伸塑性有所升高,持久塑性在1115℃固溶时最高.随着β时效温度的升高,二次β相明显增多,γ′相也发生比较明显的变化;在845℃进行β时效,合金可以获得良好的组织和综合性能.     

微量Ta和Zr对Fe-Cr-Al系不锈钢高温组织稳定性的影响

用团簇成分式方法对Fe-Cr-Al-Mo-Nb合金进行成分解析,并在此基础上确定了Fe-Cr-Al三元基础成分式Fe_(75)Al_(9.375)Cr_(15.625)(at.%),进而添加Mo、Nb、Ta和Zr元素替代部分Cr元素。采用真空电弧熔炼制备设计的母合金锭,然后进行1200℃/2 h固溶处理,进而在800℃进行多道次热轧成板,再进行800℃/24 h时效处理,最后在不同温度进行高温固溶处理,研究了微量元素添加对合金高温组织稳定性的影响。结果表明,对于800℃/24 h时效的Mo/Nb/Ta/Zr合金化样品,第二相(Laves相)粒子均弥散分布于铁素体基体中。1000℃/1 h再固溶处理,使系列合金中的第二相粒子发生回溶,至1200℃/1 h固溶后只含有Mo/Nb的合金中的第二相粒子已全部溶入到基体中,而在Ta和Zr微合金化的样品中仍有第二相粒子存在于基体的晶界处,有效抑制了基体晶粒在高温下异常长大,从而提高基体的组织稳定性和合金在高温下的力学性能。     

热处理对Ti35Nb3.7Zr1.3Mo合金的组织与性能影响

依据钛合金相关设计理论设计了低弹性模量、中高强度、良好塑性的新型生物医用近β型Ti35Nb3.7Zr1.3Mo合金,研究了固溶温度和时效温度对合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,α相逐渐溶解,合金的强度和弹性模量尚未发生明显变化。在低温时效时析出脆性ω相;随着时效温度升高,逐渐析出α相,且α相逐渐粗化;合金的强度与弹性模量先升高,达到峰值后下降;延伸率先降低后升高。合金经750℃固溶和450℃时效后综合力学性能优良,可以满足生物植入材料力学性能的要求。     

Sc元素对ZL205A合金组织和力学性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段,研究Sc含量对砂型铸造ZL205A合金的组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,Sc含量低于0.12%(质量分数,下同),未发现晶粒细化效果;Sc含量为0.06%,热处理态的合金晶界出现残留颗粒状W(AlCuSc)相,随Sc含量增加,W相由颗粒状转变为连续条带状;ZL205A合金热处理后弥散析出少量Al 3(Zr x,Ti 1-x)相,添加Sc后弥散相转变为Al 3(Zr x,Ti y,Sc 1-x-y)相,弥散相的数量随Sc含量的增加而增加;由于弥散相数量的增加,Sc含量为0.06%时,合金的时效响应速率和硬度峰值均略有增加,合金的屈服强度提高了4%;Sc含量为0.12%时,晶界残留相增加,Cu在α(Al)中的浓度降低,θ′相密度明显降低,合金的时效响应速率、硬度峰值以及力学性能各项指标均大幅下降;ZL205A合金中添加0.06%的Sc,即可明显地抑制θ′相的长大。     

不同固溶温度对718合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了不同固溶温度和保温时间对718合金晶粒度以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶温度的提高和保温时间的延长,合金的晶粒度减小;在低于1000℃固溶时,未溶解的δ相使晶粒长大缓慢;高于1050℃固溶时,合金晶粒度随温度的升高迅速增大。随固溶温度的升高,合金室温强度和硬度降低,而塑性和韧性均升高。     

微量Sc对Al-Zn-Mg合金焊接接头组织和性能的影响

使用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了Al-Zn-Mg合金和含微量钪的Al-Zn-Mg合金钨极氩弧焊接头的微观组织,并对其力学性能和耐应力腐蚀性能进行了对比。结果表明：在传统Al-Zn-Mg合金板材熔合线附近的热影响区出现再结晶和晶粒异常长大,而含钪Al-Zn-Mg合金基体中热稳定性优良的纳米Al₃(Sc, Zr, Ti)相在焊接过程中能阻碍晶界迁移,抑制再结晶晶粒的形核和长大,进而细化熔合线附近的组织。同时,含微量钪的Al-Zn-Mg合金焊接接头的强度明显比传统合金的高,其强化效果主要来源于熔合线附近区域的细晶强化和二次Al₃(Sc, Zr, Ti)相的弥散强化。     

添加Sc、Zr和退火对Al-Si合金铸态力学性能的影响

使用OM、TEM、SEM、显微硬度和室温拉伸等手段研究了Sc和Zr的复合添加对Al-5.5Si合金铸态的组织和性能的影响,以及在不同温度退火后其性能的变化规律。结果表明,Sc、Zr的添加使Al-5.5Si合金的硬度提高了33%、抗拉强度提高了38%、屈服强度提高了52%、延伸率基本上不变。在Al-5.5Si合金中复合添加Sc、Zr使α-Al的平均晶粒尺寸从203 μm减小到130 μm,在α-Al基体中析出大量的Al₃(Sc_1-xZr_x)纳米粒子(10~15 nm),并使共晶Si内的层错或微孪晶的密度显著提高。退火温度对铸态合金的性能有较大的影响：在较低温度(低于160℃)退火时合金的硬度呈上升趋势,而在较高温度(高于280℃)退火时合金的硬度呈显著下降趋势。这些结果与二次析出的纳米Si相密切相关。     

The effects of trace Sc and Zr on microstructure and internal friction of Zn–Al eutectoid alloy

The damping properties of Zn–22 wt.% Al alloys without and with Sc (0.55 wt.%) and Zr (0.26 wt.%) were investigated. The internal friction of the determined by the microstructure has been measured in terms of logarithmic decrement (δ) using a low frequency inverted torsion pendulum over the temperature region of 10–230 °C. An internal friction peak was separately observed at about 218 °C in the Zn–Al alloy and at about 195 °C in Zn–Al–Sc–Zr alloy. The shift of the δ peak was found to be directly attributed to the precipitation of Al₃(Sc, Zr) phases from the alloy matrix. We consider that the both internal friction peak in the alloy originates from grain boundary (GB) relaxation, but the grain boundary relaxation can also be affected by Al–Sc–Zr intermetallics at the grain boundaries, which will impede grain boundary sliding. In addition, Al–Sc–Zr intermetallics at the grain boundaries can pin grain boundaries, and inhibit the growth of grains in aging, which increases the damping stability of Zn–22 wt.% Al alloy.     

微量Sc和Zr对Al—Az—Mg合金组织与性能的影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备了Al-6.2Zn-2.0Mg-0.25Zr和Al-6.2Zn-2.0Mg合金,测试不同处理态的拉伸力学性能。利用金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究其不同处理态的显微组织,结果表明：添加微量Sc和Zr可明显细化合金的铸态晶粒,并显著提高Al-Zn-Mg合金的力学性能,其作用机理主要为Al3(Sc,Zr)造成的细晶强化,亚结构强化和弥散强化。     

Ca-modified Al–Mg–Sc alloy with high strength at elevated temperatures due to a hierarchical microstructure

Al-Mg alloys are normally prone to lose part of their yield and tensile strength at high temperatures due to insufficient thermal stability of the microstructure. Here, we present a Ca-modified Al–Mg–Sc alloy demonstrating high strength at elevated temperatures. The microstructure contains Al₄Ca phases distributed as a network along the grain boundary and Al₃(Sc,Zr) nano-particles dispersed within the grains. The microstructure evolution and age-hardening analysis indicate that the combination of an Al₄Ca network and Sc-rich nano-particles leads to excellent thermal stability even upon aging at 300 °C. The tensile strength of the alloy for temperatures up to 250 °C is significantly improved by an aging treatment and is comparable with the commercial heat-resistant aluminum alloys, i.e., A356 and A319. At a high temperature of 300 °C, the tensile strength is superior to the above-mentioned commercial alloys, even more so when expressed as the specific strength due to the low density of Ca-modified Al–Mg–Sc alloy. The excellent high-temperature strength results from a synergistic effect of solid solution strengthening, grain boundary strengthening and nanoparticle order strengthening.

     

锆微合金化增强铝合金的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

锆(Zr)元素是铝合金中研究较为深入、实际应用较为广泛的微合金元素之一。由于Zr在铝中具有低的固态扩散速率且可形成低密度、高熔点、低界面错配度的Al_(3)Zr弥散相,因此合金展现出高温下服役的潜力。然而,Al_(3)Zr粒子的弥散强化效果主要受到粒子低数量密度或体积分数的制约;此外,多元合金体系凝固、变形、热处理过程中多组元间交互作用复杂,Al_(3)Zr弥散强化与各体系中本征相强化作用往往难以兼得,上述问题均对合金的力学强度造成了不利的影响。本文综合近年来的相关报道,对含Zr铝合金中Zr的存在形式、析出和粗化行为以及强化机制进行了概述;简要介绍了复合微合金化促进Al_(3)Zr析出机理与最新研究结果;对某些体系铝合金中Zr微合金化的应用进行了归纳与总结,结合当前新型耐热铝基合金发展的新趋势,指出铝合金内Zr的微量添加对调控微结构、提升室温和高温强度的重要意义。     

Laser-based directed energy deposition of novel Sc/Zr-modified Al-Mg alloys: columnar-to-equiaxed transition and aging hardening behavior

The control of grain morphology is important in laser additive manufacturing(LAM), as grain morphology further affects the hot cracking resistance, anisotropy, and strength–ductility synergy of materials. To develop a solidification-control solution and achieve columnar-to-equiaxed transition(CET) in Al-based alloys during LAM, Sc-and-Zr-modified Al-Mg alloys were processed via directed energy deposition(DED).CET was achieved by introducing high potent primary Al_3(Sc,Zr) nucleation sites ahead of the solidification interface. Furthermore, the relationship between the solidification control parameters and precipitation behavior of primary Al_3(Sc,Zr) nucleation sites was established using the time-dependent nucleation theory. Then, the CET was studied according to the Hunt criterion. The results indicated that coarse columnar grain structure was still obtained at the inner region of the molten pool at low Sc/Zr contents owing to the effective suppression of the precipitation of the primary Al_3(Sc,Zr) nucleation sites via rapid solidification during DED. In addition, the relatively low melt temperature at the fusion boundary unavoidably promoted the precipitation of primary Al_3(Sc,Zr) nucleation sites, which resulted in a fine equiaxed grains band at the edge of the molten pool. As the Sc/Zr content increased, the solidification cooling rate was not sufficient to suppress the precipitation of the primary Al_3(Sc,Zr) nucleation sites, and a fully equiaxed grain structure was obtained. Furthermore, the effect of the layer-by-layer manufacturing process on the subsequent precipitation strengthening of secondary Al_3(Sc,Zr) precipitates was discussed.Both the remelting and subsequent aging during thermal cycling should be considered to achieve greater precipitation strengthening.     

微量钪在Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金中的存在形式和作用

通过显微组织观察和室温拉伸实验,研究了微量Sc在Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金中的存在形式和对合金微观组织和拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:微量Sc在Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金中主要以初生Al3(Sc,Zr)和次生Al3(Sc,Zr)两种形式存在.初生的Al3(Sc,Zr)是合金凝固过程中形成的,可成为有效的非均质形核中心,显著细化铸态晶粒组织,具有细晶强化和增塑作用;次生Al3(Sc,Zr)是合金在热加工过程中析出的,对位错和亚晶界起钉扎作用,稳定亚结构并有效抑制合金再结晶,具有亚结构强化和直接析出强化作用.因此,加入微量Sc的Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金的强度和塑性大大提高.     

Microstructure,tensile properties and thermal stability of AlMgSiScZr alloy printed by laser powder bed fusion

The new generation of Sc and Zr modified Al alloys has been attracted wide concerns in aerospace industry,owing to the excellent mechanical performances and superior thermal stability than other normal Al alloys. By microalloying with Sc and Zr, the Al3(Sc, Zr) particle forms as the grain refiner during the solidification, which is extremely beneficial for the laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) processed Al alloys. In this study, a new type Al-14.1 Mg-0.47 Si-0.31 Sc-0.17 Zr alloy was additively manufactured by LPBF, and the microstructure, tensile properties and thermal stability were studied in detail. By using a single melt-67°scanning strategy, the LPBF-processed specimen with a relative density of 99.4 % and tensile strength of 487.7 MPa was obtained at 160 W-200 mm/s. And this AlMgSiScZr alloy can still exhibit an excellent tensile strength of 393.9 MPa at a moderate temperature of 473 K. After the aging treatment, the tensile properties further increased due to the precipitate hardening of Mg2 Si and Al3(Sc, Zr), and the maximum value(580 MPa) was reached at an aging time of 10 h. The average crystal size was almost unchanged after aging treated at 325°C and 24 h, indicating this AlMgSiScZr alloy has an improved thermal stability.The AlMgSiScZr alloy is recommended to substitute some particular titanium alloys in aerospace field afterwards.     

新型Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Er-Zr合金的热变形行为EI北大核心CSCD

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟机研究Al-8.9Zn-1.3Mg-0.1Sc-0.1Er-0.1Zr铝合金的热变形行为,构建温度380~440℃、应变速率0.01~10 s^(-1)区间内合金的热加工图,使用X射线衍射(XRD)、选区电子衍射(SAED)与能谱(EDS)对合金中存在的物相进行分析,并使用金相显微镜(OM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察合金热变形后的微观组织。结果表明:合金的最佳热加工工艺参数区间为:400℃相似文献