冷轧DP980电阻点焊接头断裂模式特征与组织分析

采用中频逆变点焊机对1. 2 mm厚冷轧DP980进行电阻点焊试验,确定球形电极下焊点的断裂模式,对不同断裂模式下的熔核直径、剪切力、破坏能量及断裂位移等参数进行表征。此外,针对典型熔核组织和显微硬度进行分析。结果表明,球形电极下焊点断裂模式表现为界面断裂和熔核拔出两种。两种断裂模式下,熔核处组织均为板条马氏体+孪晶马氏体,在热影响区中存在软化区域,该组织为回火马氏体+铁素体。界面断裂模式下,熔核直径、剪切力及断裂位移均呈现为数值较小的特点,破坏能量随焊接电流的增加呈快速增长的特征。熔核拔出模式下,熔核直径、剪切力和断裂位移均呈现为数值较大的特点,破坏能量随焊接电流的增加呈稳定状态。     

22MnB5热成形钢点焊接头组织演变与性能分析

采用不同工艺参数对22MnB5热成形钢进行点焊试验,分析工艺参数对焊点性能的影响,并研究22MnB5热成形钢点焊接头组织演变及组织—性能关系. 结果表明,焊点熔核直径与拉剪力两者表现出正相关关系. 与电极压力相比,焊接电流对焊点力学性能具有更大的影响. 焊点各区域的组织演变导致了明显的硬度差异. 熔核区、过临界热影响区、亚临界热影响区及母材区均为马氏体组织. 临界热影响区为铁素体 + 马氏体双相组织,导致硬度显著降低. 该软化区增加了焊点失效时的承载能力及能量吸收能力,促使接头失效以“熔核拔出”方式发生.     

双相钢点焊熔核界面撕裂失效模式参数控制

采用改进响应面试验分析方法对影响1.4 mm双相钢DP600点焊接头界面撕裂失效模式的工艺参数进行研究.结果表明,焊接电流、焊接时间以及保持压力是影响双相钢焊点界面撕裂失效模式的关键参数,合适的焊接工艺参数有助于提升熔核直径比,并且降低其对焊接参数的敏感度.以焊接工艺的鲁棒性为优化目标,获得了控制焊点界面撕裂失效模式的...     

Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe-Cr与Zr-Nb-Fe锆合金电阻点焊工艺及显微组织

Zr-1.0Sn-0.50Nb-0.50Fe-0.14Cr与Zr-1.30Nb-0.30Fe锆合金是目前正在研制开发核燃料组件用两种新型Zr(-Sn)-Nb-Fe系锆合金. 针对新型燃料组件骨架压力电阻点焊,采用不同的焊接工艺参数对Zr-1.0Sn-0.50Nb-0.50Fe-0.14Cr导向管与Zr-1.30Nb-0.30Fe焊舌片进行研究,并对较优焊接参数下的焊接接头力学性能、显微硬度、金相显微组织及熔核区形貌和析出相进行了分析. 结果表明,增大焊接电流和减小焊接压力,焊点剪切力和熔核尺寸随之增加,断裂方式由界面断裂转变为纽扣断裂;焊接电流对熔核尺寸及剪切力影响最大,焊接压力的增加,焊点剪切力和熔核尺寸均减小,但焊接压力的适当增大提高了形核稳定性. 在电阻点焊不平衡的急速冷却条件与电磁搅拌作用下,熔核区形成非平衡淬火针状板条状组织结构,析出的细小Fe₂(Nb_0.35, Zr_0.65)和Fe₂ (Nb_0.3, Z_r0.7)第二相粒子呈圆形或长条棒状分布于基体α-Zr与β-Zr晶粒内、晶界处及板条组织中,从而提高了熔核区及热影响区的显微硬度,含Nb的细小弥散析出FCC第二相增强了焊缝抗水侧腐蚀性能.     

铝/钢异种金属的沉头铆钉电阻单元焊工艺研究

采用沉头铆钉与沉头孔配合的电阻单元焊工艺连接了钢和铝合金,在Q235/5052Al界面形成了FeAl3金属间化合物。在DP780/Al界面形成了Fe2Al5和FeAl3金属间化合物。焊接电流对熔核直径、拉剪力、铝热影响区平均硬度以及铝板的承载面积有显著影响。确定了3种主要的失效模式:界面失效断裂模型、熔核拔出失效断裂模型和铝热影响区失效断裂模型。在焊接电流为18kA时,获得了最佳的接头力学性能,拉剪力达到5 712N,且失效模式为熔核拔出失效。     

焊接电流对镀锌钢与高强钢的电阻点焊接头形貌和力学性能的影响

采用电阻点焊工艺对1.5 mm厚的镀锌钢板与高强钢板进行了连接试验。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子拉伸试验机以及硬度计等分析手段,研究了不同焊接电流对接头形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明:采用电阻点焊工艺实现了镀锌钢与高强钢的可靠连接。当焊接电流为8 kA时,接头的拉剪载荷最大,为13.6 kN,随着焊接电流的继续增大,接头表面容易产生飞溅。接头高强钢侧热影响区由于回火马氏体和细晶马氏体的生成,出现了明显的软化区和硬化区,而镀锌钢侧有大量马氏体生成,热影响区硬度明显大于母材区。当焊接电流为4 kA时,接头断裂形式为界面断裂;当焊接电流为5~7 kA时,接头断裂形式主要为镀锌钢侧熔核被拔出;当焊接电流为8~10 kA时,接头断裂形式转变为高强钢侧熔核被拔出。     

MS1400/DP980钢的电阻点焊的工艺性能分析

为了研究电阻点焊在先进高强钢的应用,对厚度为1.2 mm的MS1400和DP980钢进行点焊试验. 试验表明,接头一字拉伸断裂试验有三种失效模式:界面断裂、纽扣拔出以及部分纽扣拔出,通过调节焊接时间和焊接电流的工艺参数实现纽扣拔出得到较优参数. 在较优参数下分析MS1400与DP980钢两侧热影响区的各区域以及熔核区的金相组织,各区域的变化与显微硬度分布曲线基本对应.     

超高强热成形钢电阻点焊温度场数值模拟研究

基于SORPAS软件,对1.5 mm厚的BR1500HS热成形钢双层板点焊温度场进行了数值模拟,研究了焊接时间、焊接电流和电极压力等焊接工艺参数对点焊温度场的影响规律。结果表明,在一定范围内,随着焊接时间增加,点焊峰值温度升高,熔核尺寸逐渐增大,热影响区宽度增加;随着焊接电流增加,点焊峰值温度升高,熔核尺寸逐渐增大,热影响区宽度先增加后减小;随着电极压力增加,点焊峰值温度降低,熔核尺寸略有减小;当焊接电流为8 k A时,热影响区宽度先缓慢增大后减小,在电极压力为4.5 k N时获得最大值,在焊接电流为9 k A时,热影响区宽度逐渐增加。     

通电时间对热冲压高强钢点焊接头性能及失效方式的影响

热冲压硼钢电阻率大、焊接热循环升温速度快、峰值温度高、局部冷却速率的不均匀,决定了点焊接头性能差别极大.点焊接头在剪切载荷作用下有界面断裂、焊核拔出和部分焊核拔出三种失效方式.以1.6 mm厚的热冲压硼钢为对象,研究不同通电时间对接头显微硬度、承载性能、失效方式的影响规律,分析失效的形成原因和失效机理.结果表明,上述三种失效方式承载能力和破坏吸能力相差不大,焊核拔出并不能作为评判高强钢点焊接头质量好坏的标准.焊接缺陷、承载时的高度应力集中以及热影响区局部韧性恶化是影响热冲压高强钢点焊接头失效方式的三大主要因素.     

不锈钢电弧铆焊工艺

为了减小焊接变形，采用电弧铆焊的方法，以搭接形式连接3 mm和5 mm厚的0Cr18Ni9不锈钢钢板，主要研究三段焊接电流对焊点熔深、熔核尺寸及焊点抗剪力的影响。研究结果表明，随着第一段和第二段焊接电流的增大，焊点熔深、熔核尺寸及焊点抗剪强度随之增大。第一段焊接电流主要影响焊点的熔深，第二段焊接电流对焊点的熔深和熔核尺寸均有较大影响，尤其是熔核尺寸，而第三段焊接电流对熔深和熔核尺寸均无影响，却是焊点外观形貌的主要影响因素。优化第一段和第二段焊接电流的相关参数，可以提高焊点抗剪强度。     

On the resistance spot welding of four-sheet stack of unequal sheet thickness

There is a lack of sufficient understanding regarding resistance spot welding behaviour of multi-layer structure. This paper investigates the weld nugget development and failure characteristics of four-sheet joint of dissimilar sheet thickness (0.7/1.2/1.2/0.9?mm) made on low carbon steel. The heat dissipation via water-cooled electrode hinders the weld nugget penetration into the thin/thick sheet interface. It was shown that increasing heat input led to bonding mechanism transition from solid-state welding to fusion welding at thin/thick sheet interface. Increasing welding current beyond a critical value changed the failure mode from interfacial to pullout leading to improvement of energy absorption of the joint. Fusion zone size along middle sheet/sheet interface proved to be the most important controlling factor for mechanical properties of four-sheet resistance spot welds.     

热处理工艺对TRIP980钢板点焊性能的影响

采用不同焊接工艺对TRIP980钢板进行点焊试验,研究了焊接电流、焊前预热及焊后热处理工艺对点焊性能的影响. 结果表明,随着焊接电流的增大,焊点的熔核直径和拉剪力均增大,但当电流过大而发生飞溅时,焊点的熔核直径和拉剪力开始减小. 焊前预热工艺可提高点焊飞溅电流,进而可以获得更大的熔核直径及拉剪力. 在对焊点进行焊后热处理的情况下,当焊接电流与焊后热处理电流之间的冷却时间超过900 ms时,可显著改善熔核组织,降低熔核硬度,提高焊点拉剪力.     

Effect of weld nugget size on overload failure mode of resistance spot welds

Abstract

In the present paper, effects of welding current, welding time, electrode pressure and holding time on the weld nugget size were studied. A failure mechanism was proposed to describe both interfacial and pullout failure modes. This mechanism was confirmed by SEM investigations. In the light of this mechanism, the effect of welding parameters on static weld strength and failure mode was studied. Then, an analytical model was proposed to predict failure mode and to estimate minimum nugget diameter (critical diameter) to ensure pullout failure mode in shear tensile test. On the contrary to existing industrial standards, in this model, critical nugget diameter is attributed to metallurgical characterisation of material (weld nugget hardness to failure location hardness ratio), in addition to sheet thickness. For a given sheet thickness, decreasing H_WN/H_FL increases interfacial failure mode tendency. The results of this model were compared with experimental data and also with the literature.     

Investigation of failure mechanism and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded magnesium alloy joints

Resistance spot welded magnesium alloy joints can fail in two markedly different failure modes(interfacial failure and button pullout failure)under tensile shear loading conditions.For button pullout failure,the crack first propagates along cellular dendritic structure of the nugget circumference,and then passes through heat-affected zone(HAZ)and base metal in sequence.The tensile shear load has smaller values under the interracial failure occurring in a small weld nugget as compared to the button pullout failure appearing in a large weld nugget.The tensile shear load increases with the increasing nugget diameter for expulsion free joints.However,for joints which experienced expulsion,the tensile shear load decreases in spite of nugget diameter increasing.Under the equivalent nugget diameter(5.8 mm),the tensile shear load of joints with 9 × 10-4 g KBF4 addition was increased by around 20% as compared to that of joints without KBF4 addition.     

Similar and dissimilar resistance spot weldability of galvanised DP1000 and TWIP980 steels

Similar and dissimilar combinations of a 1000?MPa galvanised dual phase (DP) steel and a 980?MPa twining-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel were resistance spot welded under different welding parameters. The microstructure, expulsion situation, nugget size and mechanical properties of spot welds were evaluated systematically. The results showed that the differences of microstructure and chemical compositions caused that the weld nugget hardness increases in the order of TWIP/TWIP, DP/TWIP and DP/DP. The lower melting point and heat conductivity of the TWIP steel and the lower electric resistance of the zinc coat on the DP steel caused that the expulsion occurring current increased in the order of TWIP/TWIP, DP/TWIP and DP/DP and under the same welding condition the nugget diameter increased in the order of DP/DP, DP/TWIP and TWIP/TWIP. Furthermore, the tensile shear failure mode and location depends on the nugget size, microstructure and hardness distribution of spot weld.     

Joint strength and failure mechanism of laser spot weld of mild steel sheets under lap shear loading

Abstract

Ultimate strength and failure mechanism of laser spot welds under lap shear loading were investigated. Optical micrographs of cross-section of spot welds before and after failure were examined to understand the failure behaviour. The experimental results indicate that laser spot welds can fail in two distinct modes, namely interfacial and pullout failure. A failure mechanism which was confirmed by SEM investigations was proposed to describe these two failure modes. According to the experimental observations, a simple stress solution related to the far field load was conducted and the critical weld nugget diameter to ensure pullout failure mode was estimated. The results were compared with the experimental data and also with the test data of resistance spot welds. It was observed that the critical nugget diameter of laser spot welding was larger than that of resistance spot welding due to the different failure location in pullout mode. Furthermore, the effect of welding parameters on joint strength and failure mode was studied.     

Studies on the micro-laser spot welding of an NdFeB permanent magnet with a low carbon steel

In search of high speed and miniaturization, the welding of NdFeB permanent magnet material is currently of increasing interest. Previous studies have shown that dissimilar material joining between magnet and steel sheets can be realized by laser irradiation, but it is still not clear how the welding parameters affect the weld quality. In this paper, the results are reported of experiments studying effects of laser pulse power, pulse duration, and defocusing distance on joint dimensions and mechanical behavior in laser spot welding of an NdFeB magnet (N48) with a low carbon steel (AISI 1006). Both conduction mode and keyhole mode welding were performed in the present study. The welding modes can be altered by changing peak power or defocusing distance, but not by changing pulse duration. Three fracture modes were found in shear tests, i.e., ‘nugget pullout’, ‘through nugget’ and ‘magnet crush’, while in peel tests, only ‘nugget pullout’ fracture mode was observed. The different fracture modes under different loading conditions were attributed to the mechanical locking effects present under shear testing but not under peel testing. For ‘nugget pullout’ mode fracture, the metallurgical quality of joints is the controlling factor of fracture forces; for ‘nugget through’ and ‘magnet crush’ mode fractures, the controlling factors are the size and strength of the nugget and base magnet. Certain nugget penetration should be achieved to avoid ‘nugget pullout’ fracture, while excessive growth of nugget should be limited to avoid ‘magnet crush’ fracture by appropriately adjusting process parameters.     

钛与低碳钢的电阻点焊

采用电阻点焊方法对纯钛与低碳钢Q235进行焊接试验，利用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了熔核区组织特性，探讨了焊接电流对熔核尺寸和抗剪载荷的影响. 结果表明，受焦耳热的影响熔核直径随焊接电流的增加而增加，抗剪载荷则随焊接电流的增大而呈先升后降的变化趋势，焊接电流为8 kA时所得接头的抗剪载荷最大，约2.85 kN. 在钢侧熔核区观察到了靠近钢侧厚度约为30～50 μm的TiFe2+α-Fe共晶组织层和粗大TiFe柱状晶；钛侧熔核区主要由靠近钛侧约12 μm厚的TiFe+α-Ti共晶组织层和TiFe柱状晶构成，且观察到了宏观分层现象.     

基于正交试验法研究DP590点焊工艺

通过正交试验法研究DP590冷轧板电阻点焊性能。以剪切载荷为评价指标,通过极差分析和方差分析,研究工艺参数影响点焊接头拉剪载荷的显著程度,并获得DP590冷轧板的最优工艺参数,测量接头的熔核直径并分析其失效模式,观察接头显微组织。结果表明,焊接电流对剪切载荷的影响最为显著,其次为焊接时间,电极压力影响较小;最优工艺参数为:焊接电流8.5 k A,焊接时间360 ms,电极压力3.6 k N;当焊接电流大于5.5 k A时,接头失效模式均为熔核剥离失效;熔核区显微组织为板条状马氏体和贝氏体,热影响区组织为细小马氏体。