粉末冶金TiVNbTa难熔高熵合金的组织和力学性能

将机械合金化(MA)与放电等离子烧结(SPS)相结合制备了难熔TiVNbTa高熵合金,研究了这种合金的机械合金化过程、相组成和显微组织,以及烧结温度和O、N含量对其力学性能的影响。结果表明:机械合金化后高熵合金粉末为BCC结构,放电等离子烧结成的块体高熵合金由BCC基体和FCC析出相组成,其析出相为TiN+TiC+TiO的复合物。烧结温度为1100℃的高熵合金具有良好的综合力学性能,压缩屈服强度达到1506.3 MPa,塑性应变为33.2%。随着烧结温度的提高,合金发生了从准脆性到塑性再到脆性断裂的转变。O和N含量的提高对高熵合金强度的影响较小,但是使其塑性显著降低。     

C含量对VCoNi中熵合金微观组织和性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

在VCoNi中熵合金中添加间隙碳(C)原子制备出(VCoNi)_(100-x)C_(x)(x=0,0.1,0.4,1和2.8),系统研究了C含量对其微观组织、力学性能以及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,当C含量为0~1时,随着C含量的提高,均匀态和再结晶态样品的晶粒尺寸均减小,第二相颗粒的含量提高;均匀态样品的织构逐渐向α取向线上聚集,而再结晶态织构均在α线上聚集,且织构最强点均在α取向线上。当C含量为1~2.8时,均匀态样品中出现粗大的胞晶,第二相以棒状和颗粒状并存,退火孪晶减少,未出现典型的织构类型。当C含量为0.1时再结晶态样品的强韧化性能最优,可归因于细晶强化、间隙强化和第二相强化。加入C原子使再结晶样品的摩擦磨损性能提高,可归因于磨粒磨损减弱,而粘着磨损和氧化磨损增强。     

AlCoCrNiSi_x高熵合金微观组织结构与力学性能

通过XRD,SEM,EDS分析和显微硬度测试,系统研究了Si含量对AlCoCrNiSix高熵合金铸态组织的相结构变化、微观组织形貌特征和力学性能。结果表明:随Si含量的增加,合金相结构由单一的bcc1固溶体结构逐步转化为bcc1+bcc2结构共存,其中bcc1为AlNi基的固溶体,bcc2为CrSi固溶体。随Si含量的增加,合金的铸态组织由枝晶形态向胞状形态转变。微观组织中Al,Ni主要存在于枝晶内,Si则偏析于枝晶间。Si具有显著提高合金硬度的作用,硬度最大值达到HV991。     

放电等离子烧结制备AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金的组织演变与力学性能

采用放电等离子烧结方法(SPS)制备了AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金。通过差热分析、密度测试、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及力学性能测试,研究了SPS烧结温度对AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金的致密化行为、组织演变及力学性能影响。结果表明,随着SPS烧结温度的升高,材料的致密度与抗压缩强度明显提高。1200℃烧结后,AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金的致密度达到99.6%,抗压缩强度达到2195MPa,屈服强度达到1506MPa。在SPS烧结过程中,高熵合金从双相结构(BCC+B2)转变为三相结构(BCC+B2+FCC)。     

粉末冶金法制备Al-Pb合金微观组织分析EI

采用机械合金化与真空热压烧结制备Al-Pb合金,并通过热挤压变形细化显微组织。XRD检测分析表明:Al,Pb衍射峰随机械合金化的进行不断宽化,晶粒尺寸减小。SEM分析表明:球磨15h后可以得到合金粉末,其具有Pb粒子弥散分布于Al基体的复相结构。再通过550℃/20MPa真空热压烧结1h,可制备出Al-Pb合金块体。适当的热挤压工艺能够细化组织,减小Pb颗粒的尺寸。其抗拉强度可达231.6MPa,延伸率为17.6%。     

Ti0.5AlCoFeNiCrx高熵合金的微观组织结构与力学性能

通过XRD分析、SEM观察和压缩实验研究了不同Cr含量对Ti0.5AlCoFeNiCrx(x为摩尔比,x=0,0.5,1,1.5,2,3)高熵合金微观组织结构与力学性能的影响。结果表明:当合金不含Cr时,呈现单一的体心立方结构;当加入Cr元素后,出现了另一种富Cr的体心立方相。随着Cr含量的增加,组织从树枝晶逐渐转变到亚共晶、共晶和过共晶组织,表明Cr能促使合金发生共晶反应。适量的Cr元素能显著提高合金的压缩力学性能,其中Ti0.5AlCoFeNiCr0.5合金具有最好的压缩强度和塑性。     

退火态CoFeNiCrMnBx高熵合金微观组织和力学性能

采用真空电弧熔炼炉制备了CoFeNiCrMnB_x高熵合金,并对其退火处理。结果表明：CoFeNiCrMnB_0.15和CoFeNiCrMnB_0.20合金经1 100℃×20 h退火后,枝晶间组织均为颗粒状Cr₂B相,且随着B含量的增加,颗粒状Cr₂B相也增多。CoFeNiCrMnB_0.20合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为496 MPa和890 MPa,较铸态CoFeNiCrMn合金的分别提高了104.0%和79.4%。     

Al元素对Al_xFeCrCoCuV高熵合金组织及摩擦性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用非自耗电弧熔炼炉制备了Al_xFeCrCoCuV(x=0,0.5,1.0)多组元高熵合金。用XRD,SEM,EDS和DSC技术探究了合金的微观组织,并测试了其硬度及耐磨性能。研究表明:随着Al的加入,Al_(0.5)FeCrCoCuV合金和Al_(1.0)FeCrCoCuV合金由FeCrCoCuV合金单一的BCC相变为由枝晶BCC和晶间FCC共同组成的双相组织;Al_(1.0)FeCrCoCuV合金的硬度大于Al_(0.5)FeCrCoCuV合金。合金的摩擦磨损测试主要以黏着磨损为主,合金的耐磨性能与硬度成正比。3种合金的摩擦因数都是随着时间的增加而减小,主要原因是随着摩擦时间的增加,合金表面生成了一层氧化物提高了合金的耐磨性能。     

球磨时间对MA-SPS法制备FeCoCrAlNiB高熵合金微观结构、硬度和断裂韧性的影响

采用机械合金化(MA)和放电等离子烧结(SPS)相结合的方法制备FeCoCrAlNiB高熵合金。研究球磨时间(1、5、10、20、30和40 h)对合金相成分、微观结构、硬度和断裂韧性的影响。结果表明：高能球磨过程中各金属元素的合金化顺序为Al→Co→Ni→Fe→Cr;混合粉末球磨20 h后基本形成了单一的BCC固溶体相,其颗粒尺寸约为20μm。对不同球磨时间的混合粉末进行SPS烧结,获得的FeCoCrAlNiB高熵合金主要由无序BCC+B2(Al-Ni)固溶体相和硼化物相(Fe₂B等)组成。随着球磨时间的延长,合金中硼化物相含量先减少后增加并主要以网状形式分布,BCC相含量则与之相反;合金硬度随球磨时间的延长逐渐提高,主要是因为合金元素间固溶程度越来越高,硼化物相逐渐增多;但硼化物形成的网状结构会破坏基体的连续性,导致合金断裂韧性逐渐降低。当球磨时间为20 h时,获得的FeCoCrAlNiB高熵合金的维氏硬度(HV)为(10.9±0.2) GPa,断裂韧性(K_IC)为(4.4±0.2) MPa·m^1/2,表现出最优的综...     

Fe-Zn合金的粉末冶金法制备及其生物降解特性研究

利用机械合金化-放电等离子烧结的方法制备了不同球磨时间Zn质量分数为15%的新型可生物降解Fe-Zn合金。利用XRD、SEM、EDS分析了合金的微观组织及成分;利用动电位极化曲线、浸泡失重曲线评价了Fe-Zn合金的生物降解性能。结果显示所制备Fe-Zn合金由Fe-Zn固溶体基体及少量细小ZnO相颗粒组成,合金降解性能优于纯铁。     

机械合金化-放电等离子烧结Al2Cu颗粒增强Al基复合材料的制备

以Al粉和Cu粉为原料,采用机械合金化(MA)和放电等离子烧结(SPS)工艺,原位合成了致密的Al₂Cu/Al块体复合材料,着重研究了MA过程中粉末的形貌、尺寸和物相结构的变化以及SPS后复合材料的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明: 在MA过程中,随着MA时间延长,部分Cu原子逐渐固溶于Al原子晶格中,形成均匀过饱和的固溶体Al(Cu);在SPS过程中,Cu从过饱和固溶体中析出并与Al反应形成Al₂Cu颗粒,且弥散分布于Al基体中,形成Al₂Cu/Al复合材料;Al₂Cu/Al复合材料的致密度高达98.7%,室温下的压缩断裂强度为611.3 MPa,延伸率为9.6%,具有良好的力学性能。     

烧结温度对TiAl合金块体材料组织和性能的影响

采用机械合金化和等离子烧结工艺成功制备细晶TiAl合金,研究不同烧结温度(750~1050℃)对所得块体材料的显微组织和力学性能的影响。XRD研究发现:完全固结的块体材料主要由γ-TiAl和α2-Ti3Al相组成。采用SEM和TEM观察块体材料的显微组织。当烧结温度为950℃时,所得的块体材料致密度高,接近完全致密化,其压缩屈服强度为2106 MPa。当烧结温度大于950℃时,致密度未发生明显变化,块体材料的屈服强度有所下降。     

放电等离子烧结制备Si80Ge20B0.6合金及其热电性能

采用高能球磨与放电等离子烧结相结合的方法制备出了单相Si80Ge20B0.6合金块体热电材料.在400～900K 温度范围内对其进行了热电性能测试.粉末冶金法制备的合金内的晶界对载流子形成散射,保温时间较长的试样的电导率明显高于保温时间较短的试样.所有试样的热导率处于2.7～4.5W/(mK)范围.保温9min的试样在...     

SiC-ZrO2(3Y)-Al2O3纳米复相陶瓷的力学性能和显微结构

本文介绍用非均相沉淀方法制备的纳米ＳｉＣ－ＺｒＯ２（３Ｙ）－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合粉体经放电等离子超快速烧得到晶内型的纳米复相陶瓷,超快速烧结的升温速率为６００℃／ｍｉｎ,在烧结温度不保温,迅即在３ｍｉｎ内冷却至６００℃以下。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-fine grained MoNbTaTiV refractory high-entropy alloy fabricated by spark plasma sintering

The MoNbTaTiV refractory high-entropy alloy(RHEA) with ultra-fine grains and homogeneous microstructure was successfully fabricated by mechanical alloying(MA) and spark plasma sintering(SPS).The microstructural evolutions,mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of the alloys were systematically investigated.The nanocrystalline mechanically alloyed powders with simple bodycentered cubic(BCC) phase were obtained after 40 h MA process.Afterward,the powders were sintered using SPS in the temperature range from 1500 ℃ to 1700 ℃.The bulk alloys were consisted of submicron scale BCC matrix and face-centered cubic(FCC) precipitation phases.The bulk alloy sintered at 1600℃ had an average grain size of 0.58 μm and an FCC precipitation phase of 0.18 μm,exhibiting outstanding micro-hardness of 542 HV,compressive yield strength of 2208 MPa,fracture strength of 3238 MPa and acceptable plastic strain of 24.9% at room temperature.The enhanced mechanical properties of the MoNbTaTiV RHEA fabricated by MA and SPS were mainly attributed to the grain boundary strengthening and the interstitial solid solution strengthening.It is expectable that the MA and SPS processes are the promising methods to synthesize ultra-fine grains and homogenous microstructural RHEA with excellent mechanical properties.     

Ag含量对表面多孔Ti-Ag/NiTi梯度合金组织与性能的影响

为了提高NiTi合金的生物活性并赋予其一定的抗菌性,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了表面多孔Ti-Ag /NiTi梯度合金,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、室温压缩、人工模拟体液浸泡、贴膜法等方法研究了不同Ag含量对梯度合金微观组织、界面结合、表面孔隙特征、力学性能、体外生物活性及抗菌性能的影响及机理.研究表明：梯度合金中间基体主要由奥氏体NiTi相(B2)和单斜马氏体NiTi相(B19′)组成,并同时存在少量次生相Ti₂Ni相,表面多孔层主要由α-Ti、TiAg和Ti₂Ag相组成,内外层界面形成稳定冶金结合;Ag含量增加对梯度合金表面孔隙率和平均孔径影响不大,但抗压强度值提高而弹性模量变化不明显,这主要与表面多孔层中TiAg和Ti₂Ag相的强化作用有关;梯度合金在人工模拟体液中浸泡14 d后表面形成了大量类骨磷灰石层,显示了优异的体外生物活性,同时,Ag的加入显著提高了梯度合金的抗菌性能.     

放电等离子烧结对TiB_2/AlCoCrFeNi复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用放电等离子烧结方法(SPS),制备体积分数5%TiB_2的等摩尔AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金基复合材料。通过密度测试、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及力学性能测试等方法,研究SPS烧结温度及烧结压力对复合材料的微结构演变与力学性能影响。结果表明:随着SPS烧结温度及烧结压力的增加,复合材料的硬度及抗压强度得到明显提高。在1200℃/30MPa进行SPS烧结后,复合材料的致密度达99.6%,抗压强度达2416MPa,屈服强度达1474MPa,硬度超过470HB。烧结过程中,复合材料的基体高熵合金发生相变,1200℃及30~45MPa烧结时,复合材料由BCC,B_2,FCC,σ及TiB_2相组成。     

Strengthening the mechanical properties and wear resistance of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy fabricated by powder metallurgy

In this study, an equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) was fabricated by a rapid solidified gas atomization process. Subsequently, the high-energy mechanical milling was carried out to further refine the microstructure of pre-alloyed powder to improve the sintering ability and strengthening of HEAs. The microscopic results show that the powder morphology significantly changed from spherical to flatten, flake, irregular, and partially spherical shape with increasing milling time. The XRD results exhibited HEA bulks consisting of major FCC and minor Cr₇C₃ phases. The hardness of HEA bulks increased from 270±10 Hv to 450±10 Hv with increasing milling time, while the compressive yield strength increased from 370 MPa to 1050 MPa due to grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening. Meanwhile, the lowest coefficient of friction ～0.283 and specific wear rate ～1.03×10^-5 mm³/Nm were obtained for the 60 min milled HEA due to increased surface hardness and oxidation behavior. The developed powder metallurgy approach could be considered as a promising way to improve the strength and wear resistance when compared to the conventional processed CoCrFeMnNi HEAs.     

Role of A2 and A50 process on the oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic alloy fabricated by mechanical alloying

This study has investigated the effects of adding occasion of Stearic Acid (SA) on the characteristics of powder and properties of bulk with nominal composition of Fe–12Cr–2.5 W–0.4Ti–0.3Y₂O₃, which was fabricated by mechanical alloying and vacuum sintering. SA was milling with the powder mixture with 50 h (added before milling, A₅₀) or 2 h (added after 48 h milling, A₂). The resulted showed: SA could inhibit the agglomeration and retard the alloying process. Powders through A₂ process achieved alloying with high powder yield, while the A₅₀ powders presented alloying extent, and the yield of A₀ powder presented low powder yield. SA added in A₅₀ was almost dissolved into the matrix for the long milling duration, but SA added in A₂ was mostly volatilized during heating. A₂ bulk alloy was of better strength for the finer, more uniform grain and second phase and higher density than A₅₀ bulk.     

Characterization and properties of CuZrAlTiNi high entropy alloy coating obtained by mechanical alloying and vacuum hot pressing sintering

CuZrAlTiNi High entropy alloy (HEA) coating was synthesized on T10 substrate using mechanical alloying (MA) and vacuum hot pressing sintering (VHPS) technique. The MA results show that the final product of as-milled powders is amorphous phase. The obtained coating sintered at 950 °C is compact and about 0.9 mm in thickness. It is composed of a couple of face-centered cubic (FCC), one body-centered cubic (BCC) solid solutions and AlNi₂Zr phase. The interface strength between coating and substrate is 355.5 MPa measured by three point bending test. Compared with T10 substrate, the corrosion resistance of CuZrAlTiNi HEA coating is enhanced greatly in the seawater solution, which is indicated by the higher corrosion potential, wider passivation region, and secondary passivation. The average microhardness of the coating reaches 943 HV_0.2, and is about 3.5 times higher than the substrate, which is mainly ascribed to the uniformly dispersed nano-size precipitates, phase boundary strengthening and solid solution strengthening. Moreover, the wear resistance of the coating is slightly improved in comparison with the substrate.