固溶处理对冷等静压成形双相不锈钢显微组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响

将316L和430水雾化不锈钢粉末按照65:35的质量比混合,采用冷等静压-真空烧结工艺制备了双相不锈钢,在1 150?1 300℃进行固溶处理,每次保温lh.研究了不同固溶处理温度双相不锈钢显微组织的演变,利用动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱研究了固溶处理温度对双相不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:随着固溶处理温度增加,铁素...     

固溶处理对冷等静压成形双相不锈钢显微组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响北大核心

将316L和430水雾化不锈钢粉末按照65:35的质量比混合,采用冷等静压-真空烧结工艺制备了双相不锈钢,在1150~1300℃进行固溶处理,每次保温1 h。研究了不同固溶处理温度双相不锈钢显微组织的演变,利用动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱研究了固溶处理温度对双相不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶处理温度增加,铁素体含量逐渐增加,奥氏体含量逐渐减少,晶粒逐渐长大;1300℃时,铁素体与奥氏体两相比例为39.1:60.9,此时双相不锈钢具有较好的耐腐蚀性能。     

固溶处理对热等静压SAF3207的组织与性能影响

采用热等静压方法对特超级双相不锈钢SAF3207粉末致密化,然后对致密体进行了固溶处理,研究了固溶温度对致密体的显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶温度从1120℃到1180℃,σ相消失,铁素体含量增加,奥氏体含量减少;强度和硬度均表现出先降低后升高的趋势;延伸率和冲击韧性表现出先升高后降低的趋势。1150℃固溶处理时,可使两相比例接近1:1,抗拉强度为861.9 MPa,硬度为HRC 27.7,延伸率高达43.0%,冲击功为23.2 J。     

固溶处理对超级双相不锈钢S32750组织和性能的影响

研究了950～1 200℃60 min水冷的固溶处理对超级双相不锈钢S32750(/%:0.02C、0.49Si、1.03Mn、0.026S、0.001P、25.01 Cr、7.03Ni、3.80Mo、0.29N)12 mm板的组织、力学性能和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,随固溶温度升高,钢中铁素体相增加,奥氏体相减少;在950℃加热时铁素体中析出大量σ-相,使钢的性能恶化,在1 050～1 100℃固溶处理后,钢中铁素体相和奥氏体相各占50%, S32750钢具有较好的综合力学性能和优良的耐蚀性能。     

固溶处理对S32707特超级双相不锈钢析出相、组织及性能影响

通过Thermo-Calc热力学计算、OM和FE-SEM观察、力学性能和腐蚀性能试验对不同固溶温度下的特超级双相不锈钢进行分析和研究。结果表明:σ相和非平衡氮化物是固溶水冷组织中的主要析出相,当固溶温度低于1050 ℃时,σ相优先沿双相界面析出,显著降低双相不锈钢的冲击韧性;当固溶温度高于1100 ℃,非平衡氮化物开始在铁素体晶粒内部析出,且随着固溶温度的升高,非平衡氮化物析出数量增加。这是由于固溶水冷过程中氮在铁素体中的溶解度快速降低,过饱和的氮来不及扩散到相邻奥氏体中,只能以氮化物的形式析出。随固溶温度升高,铁素体含量增加,奥氏体含量降低,实验钢的强度增加,冲击韧性降低。在1080～1120 ℃之间固溶时,双相比例接近1∶1,S32707特超级双相不锈钢具有优良的综合力学性能和耐晶间腐蚀性能。      

无镍不锈钢17Cr10Mn2MoN的制备与性能

采用气雾化法制备含氮无镍不锈钢粉末,利用热等静压成形并对材料进行固溶处理.热等静压后,材料具有良好的强度、塑性及韧性,抗拉强度为850 MPa,屈服强度为505 MPa,延伸率为44.5%,断面收缩率为47.5%,冲击功为44 J.材料经1 100℃固溶处理1 h后,塑性和韧性得到进一步提高,延伸率为50.0%,断面收缩率为55.5%,冲击为68 J.材料强度和耐蚀性优于316L不锈钢.      

时效对超级双相不锈钢析出相演变的影响

通过在850℃时效处理研究了S32750超级双相不锈钢析出相的析出行为。采用Thermo-Calc热力学软件预测析出相及相组成,采用OM,FE-SEM和EDS对S32750超级双相不锈钢铸坯不同时效状态下的样品进行全面分析,利用K-J-M-A模型进行σ相析出动力学拟合。实验结果表明：850℃时效过程中,σ相优先在铁素体内部和双相晶界处析出,直至铁素体相耗尽;σ相的析出动力学控速环节主要是：初始阶段形核控速和时效40 min后的元素扩散控速;除σ相外,时效过程中还会析出χ相和Cr2N相。其中χ相属于亚稳定相,主要在时效前期析出,随着时效时间的延长最终转化成σ相。     

几种典型双相不锈钢组织及性能特点及其对加工过程的影响

本文选择几种典型的双相不锈钢:S32707、S32750、S32205、S31803,在其工件上取样,采取了不同的热处理、热加工和热穿孔以及适当调整化学成分等试验方法,比较和研究了组织和性能特点及其对加工过程的影响。结果表明:两相比例和σ相的析出情况与热穿孔温度和冷变形的退火、固溶处理温度密切相关,S32707的二次相的析出速度和析出量远超于其他双相不锈钢。适当降低Cr、N含量,提高Mo含量,合理控制加热速度,终乳(锻)温度,并注意回炉加热和圆管坯中心钻孔的影响,可提高热加工塑性,防止开裂。试验中的S32707成品无缝管满足相关标准的要求。     

固溶处理对00Cr27Ni7Mo5N不锈钢的组织及力学性能的影响

 研究了不同固溶处理温度对特超级双相不锈钢00Cr27Ni7Mo5N组织及力学性能的影响。采用光镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、显微硬度、冲击和拉伸测试等手段研究σ相的析出规律及其对力学性能的影响。运用Thermo-Calc热力学软件计算00Cr27Ni7Mo5N相含量随温度的变化,并与测试结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,当固溶温度在800～1050℃之间,00Cr27Ni7Mo5N有大量金属间化合物σ相析出,导致钢的强度和硬度增加,塑韧性显著下降。当固溶温度在1070～1200℃时,钢中σ相溶解,钢的塑韧性提高,硬度下降。1100℃固溶处理时,00Cr27Ni7Mo5N具有最佳的综合力学性能。     

英国金属集团有限公司

金属集团有限公司（Metals Group Limited）宣布现库存有UNS32304经济型双相不锈钢中厚板，可供销售，立即可发货。现库存有100吨，尺寸为2～50mm×6000×2000mm的钢板，可按照用户的要求在公司的库房里进行等离子切割，激光切割和水力切割。总经理Rob Whitehouse说，金属集团有限公司以销售标准双相不锈钢UNS31803，超级双相不锈钢UNS32750和UNS32760著名，但是，增加经销经济双相型不锈钢是我们发展的合理的步骤。增加一些特殊的双相不锈钢的库存对我们现有的用户有利，也会吸引新的用户。     

Lowcycle fatigue behavior on duplex stainless steels

Stainless steels are used predominantly for their corrosion resistance in moderate to highly aggressive environments. For construction purposes, engineers normally select carbon steel due to low cost, long experience, applicable design rules and a large variety of strength classes. However, different stainless steel types can also provide a very wide range of mechanical properties and they have the advantage of not needing surface protection. Duplex Stainless Steels (DSSs) in particular, are austeno-ferritic steels with twice the mechanical strength of conventional austenitic and ferritic stainless steels and have a potential use in construction. In the early 1980’s, a ‘second generation’ of duplex steels was introduced with better weldability mainly through nitrogen alloying. The most common duplex grade today is the UNS S32205/S31803, which is used in a great number of applications in a wide variety of product forms. This grade was the basis for the development of a ‘third generation’ of duplex steels. These higher alloys are called super-duplex stainless steels and identified as UNS S32750/S32760. The cyclic hardening-softening response, the cyclic stress-strain curve and the microstructure evolution of a high nitrogen duplex stainless steel S32750 have been evaluated and the results compared with reference to low and medium nitrogen duplex stainless steels, S32205 and S32900 grades, respectively. The beneficial effects of nitrogen on the cyclic properties of most modern alloys have been analyzed in terms of the flow stress components, i.e. the back and the friction stress. A phenomenological model is proposed to explain the influence of nitrogen atoms on the cyclic behavior of these steels.     

两相质量比对粉末冶金双相不锈钢显微组织与力学性能的影响

将316L奥氏体不锈钢粉末与430铁素体不锈钢粉末分别按照80:20、65:35、50:50质量比混合, 采用冷等静压成型方法制备了双相不锈钢, 研究了奥氏体和铁素体起始粉末质量比对双相不锈钢组织结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明: 当奥氏体和铁素体起始粉末质量比为65:35, 烧结温度1350℃, 保温时间60min时, 双相不锈钢综合力学性能较好, 其中, 抗拉强度为847MPa, 屈服强度为281MPa, 硬度为HV207, 断后伸长率为37.5%。     

超级双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni7Mo3.5N表面原位氧化研究

 采用高温XRD技术研究了超级双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni7Mo3.5N表面原位氧化行为。对该钢种在空气条件下进行连续加热,选取一些温度点进行测试,研究了其表面氧化物的生长规律,并分析了第二相的析出行为。结果表明, 600 ℃以下表面组织均为α、γ两相结构。800 ℃时α相开始被氧化成α Fe2O3,900 ℃时α相被氧化成α Fe2O3和Fe3O4,继续加热至1000 ℃时α相全部氧化消失。即使温度升高到1100 ℃,γ相也没有被氧化。而在空气条件下,不同温度水淬样品内部的室温组织始终保持α、γ两相结构,并且随温度增加,α相比例逐渐增加。此外,加热过程中还发现表面与内部的σ相几乎同步产生和消失。     

Effect of Heat Input on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel Shielded Metal Arc Welds

In the present work, UNS S32750 super duplex stainless steel sheets were welded by shielded metal arc welding process with E2595 electrode using two different heat inputs, 0.54 and 1.10 kJ/mm. Microstructural investigations (optical and scanning electron microscopy) showed very small differences in the heat affected zone for both the heat inputs. The weld metals showed presence of three different morphologies of austenite—Widmanstatten, intra-granular and grain boundary austenite along with ferrite. Ferrite content in the weld region was also nearly same and did not change significantly with the increase in heat input. Both the weldments showed similar mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength, impact strength and hardness) and failed in a ductile manner. Electrochemical studies in 3.5% NaCl solution showed the degree of sensitization to less than 1% and nearly same pitting potential for both heat inputs. Since the effect of heat input on the weld behavior was negligible, low heat input may be preffered for welding UNS S32750 super duplex stainless steel.     

Hot Mechanical Properties of 24Cr‐14Ni High Alloy Billets

24Cr‐14Ni alloys have gained importance in high temperature applications. Because of δ‐ferrite and α phase formation, 24Cr‐14Ni austenitic stainless steel billets are difficult to hot work. The mechanical properties at high temperature of such stainless steels are investigated on a hot tensile test machine according to hot‐rolling conditions, under different time and temperature regimes. These 24Cr‐14Ni stainless steels were also hot rolled under various reduction ratios. The influences of the reduction ratio on the hot mechanical properties and phase transformation from δ‐ferrite into σ phase in 24Cr‐14Ni stainless steels are discussed in detail. The results obtained can be a contribution to improve the hot rolling of this high alloy stainless steel.     

选择性激光熔化成形17–4PH不锈钢研究

选择性激光熔化技术具有一次成形、节省原材料、可成形任意复杂结构工件及性能优良等特点，是17–4PH不锈钢成形研究的新方向。本文综述了近几年选择性激光熔化制备17–4PH不锈钢研究现状，包括工艺参数对17–4PH不锈钢性能的影响，热处理和热等静压对17–4PH不锈钢力学性能的改善，不同成形方式和不同后处理17–4PH不锈钢的显微组织变化，以及在选择性激光熔化成形17–4PH不锈钢过程中出现的问题和发展趋势。     

An EBSD study of the micro structural development during annealing of a folded super duplex stainless steel sheet sample

Super duplex stainless steels(SDSS) show complex precipitation and transformation behavior during heat treatment processes,which affects both mechanical and corrosion properties. This report presents some data on the microstructures that develop after folding and subsequent precipitation during heat treatment of UNS S32750 SDSS sheet samples.The microstructural and textural changes have been followed using SEM/EBSD techniques.Upon folding,both a texture and strain gradient form in the folded/bent region,subsequent heat treatment at 845℃results in the ferrite phase to transform to sigma,austenite and chi phases.Transformation was found to be accelerated by strain.Complete transformation of the ferrite phase occurred within half the annealing time required in the unstrained regions.The local mis-orientations in the ferrite and austenite phases reduced during annealing,however,the reduction in the austenite was not very high and a significant amount remained even after the longest annealing time.The texture components that developed during the folding process remained unchanged even after one hour annealing at 845℃.The implication of these findings could have a bearing on the formation of sigma phase during welding of SDSS that may have residual stresses introduced during final processing.