Proposal for a high brightness γ-ray source at the SXFEL

High brightness γ-rays produced by laser Compton scattering(LCS) are ideal probes for the study of nucleon and nuclear structure. We propose such a γ-ray source using the backscattering of a laser from the bright electron beam produced by the linac of the Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-electron Laser(SXFEL) test facility at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics(SINAP). The performance is optimized through theoretical analysis and benchmarked with 4D Monte-Carlo simulations. The peak brightness of the source is expected to be larger than2 × 1022photons/(mm2mrad2s 0.1%BW) and photon energy ranges from 3.7 Me V to 38.9 Me V. Its performance, compared to Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics(ELI-NP), and the Shanghai Laser-Electron Gamma-ray Source(SLEGS), is given. The potential for basic and applied research is also briefly outlined.     

Gravitational radiation of angular－momentum from general covariant conservation law

Ｇｒａｖｉｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｎｇｕｌａｒ－ｍｏｍｅｎｔｕｍｆｒｏｍｇｅｎｅｒａｌｃｏｖａｒｉａｎｔｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｌａｗＦｅｎｇＳｈｉ－Ｘｉａｎｇ（ＦｅｎｇＳｚｅ－Ｓｈｉａｎｇ，冯世祥）ａｎｄＺｏｎｇＨｏｎｇ－Ｓｈｉ（宗...     

Methods for obtaining characteristic γ-ray net peak count from interlaced overlap peak in HPGe γ-ray spectrometer system

For a characteristic c-ray with interlaced overlap peak, and the case where its reliable and credible net count cannot be obtained using the current high-purity germanium(HPGe) multichannel γ-ray spectrum software, two new methods are proposed herein to obtain the γ-ray net peak count from the interlaced overlap peak in the HPGe cray spectrometer system, of which one is the symmetric conversion method based on Gaussian distribution and the other is where the energy average value of two close γ-rays is regarded as the γ-ray energy. The experimental results indicate that the two methods mentioned above are reliable and credible. This study is significant for the development of better γ-ray spectrum processing software for measuring complex γ-ray spectra concerning the nuclear reaction cross section, neutron activation analysis, and analysis of transuranium elements, using an HPGe detector.     

Accurate relative γ-ray intensities from neutron capture on natural chromium

Relative γ-ray intensities from cold neutron capture on the natural chromium have been determined with high precision. The data presented here have an order of magnitude smaller intensity uncertainty than data in the literature. The purpose of these experiments is to provide an alternative γ-ray intensity standard for detector calibrations in PGAA experiments.     

Satellite-based detection of 16.76 MeV γ-ray from H-bomb D-T fusion

Based on the high energy γ-ray yield from the H-bomb D-T fusion reaction, it brings forward the idea applying the 16.76 MeV γ-ray to judge whether the H-bomb happens or not, and to deduce the explosion TNT equivalent accurately. The Monte Carlo N-Particle was applied to simulate the high energy γ-ray radiation characteristics reaching the geosynchronous orbit satellite, and the CVD diamond detector suit for the requirements was researched. A series of experiments were carded out to testify the capabilities of the diamond detector. It provides a brand-new approach to satellite-based nuclear explosion detection.     

Satellite-based detection of 16.76 MeV γ-ray from H-bomb D-T fusion

Based on the high energy γ-ray yield from the H-bomb D-T fusion reaction,it brings forward the idea applying the 16.76 MeV γ-ray to judge whether the H-bomb happens or not,and to deduce the explosion TNT equivalent accurately.The Monte Carlo N-Particle was applied to simulate the high energy γ-ray radiation characteristics reaching the geosynchronous orbit satellite,and the CVD diamond detector suit for the requirements was researched.A series of experiments were carried out to testify the capabilities of the diamond detector.It provides a brand-new approach to satellite-based nuclear explosion detection.     

A test device for isotopic γ-ray imaging with CdZnTe detector

A test device for isotopic γ-ray imaging, which consists of an isotope γ-ray source, a CdZnTe γ-ray spectrometer and other auxiliary equipment, is studied here. Compared with the conventional X-ray, the isotope γ-ray, which is utilized in this project, has its own advantages in imaging. Furthermore, with a room-temperature high-energy-resolution CdZnTe detector and a modem imaging processing technique, this device is capable of effectively suppressing the background and gaining more information, thus it can obtain a better image than conventional X-ray devices. In the experiment of PCB imaging, all soldered points and chip components are sharply demonstrated.     

Evaluation of the relative γ-ray intensities emitted from ^56Co and ^66Ga

~(56)Co and ~(66)Ga with γ-ray energies covering the range of 0.84-3.55 and 0.68-4.81MeV, respectively, are important radionuclides for Ge detector calibration. The newly evaluated relative γ-ray intensities were recommended using the measurements finished after 2000 year by Baglin and Browne in 2004. In 2005 China groups measured the relative γ-ray intensities. The China measurements were about 2% systematically lower than other measurements and these evaluations. In this paper the discrepancies among these measurements and the evaluations are analyzed carefully and the new evaluations are re-recommended.     

γ-ray spectra from the radiation capture of neutrons for even-even radiating nuclei with rotational levels

Using a magnetic Compton spectrometer, we measured the spectra of the -rays arising from the capture of thermal neutrons by nuclei of gadolinium, erbium, hafnium, dysprosium and tantalum in the energy range 0.3–9 Mev. We determined the energies and the intensities of the -lines. For the first three elements, the radiating nuclei are the even-even nuclei₆₄Gd ₉₂ ¹⁵⁶ ,₆₄Gd ₉₄ ¹⁵⁸ ,₆₈Er ₁₀₀ ¹⁶⁸ and₇₂Hf ₁₀₆ ¹⁷⁸ , which have rotational structural levels close to the ground state. The peculiarity of the spectra of these nuclei is the presence of a group of closely placed intense -lines with energies of 1 Mev. These lines are absent in the case of even-odd (for example,₆₆Dy ₉₉ ¹⁶⁵ ) and odd-odd radiating nuclei (for example,₇₃Ta₁₀₉ ¹⁸²). The peculiarities of the -ray spectra noted are due to the structure of the lower nuclear levels.     

Two-stage γ ray emission via ultrahigh intensity laser pulse interaction with a laser wakefield accelerated electron beam

In this study, we investigate the generation of twin γ ray beams in the collision of an ultrahigh intensity laser pulse with a laser wakefield accelerated electron beam using a particle-in-cell simulation. We consider the composed target of a homogeneous underdense preplasma in front of an ultrathin solid foil. The electrons in the preplasma are trapped and accelerated by the wakefield. When the laser pulse is reflected by the thin solid foil, the wakefield accelerated electrons continue to move forward and pass through the foil almost without influence from the reflected laser pulse or foil. Consequently, two groups of γ ray flashes, with tunable time delay and energy, are generated by the wakefield accelerated electron beam interacting with the reflected laser pulse from the foil as well as another counter-propagating petawatt laser pulse behind the foil. Additionally, we study the dependence of the γ photon emission on the preplasma densities, driving laser polarization, and solid foil.     

An inversion decomposition test based on Monte Carlo response matrix on the γ-ray spectra from NaI(Tl) scintillation detector

A new X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS)data-collection system based on the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System software environment has been established at the BL14W1 beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The system provides for automatic sequential analysis of multiple samples for continuous high-throughput(HT) measurements. Specifically, 8 sample pellets are loaded into an alumina holder,and a high-precision two-dimensional translation stage is programmed to switch these samples automatically for collecting the XAFS spectrum of each sample in sequence.Experimenters implement HT measurements via a graphical user interface developed with Control System Studio.Finally, the successful operation of the HT XAFS system is demonstrated by running experiments on two groups of copper–ceria catalysts, each of which contains 8 different powder samples.     

An inversion decomposition test based on Monte Carlo response matrix on the γ-ray spectra from NaI(Tl) scintillation detector

The Na I(Tl) scintillation detector has a number of unique advantages, including wide use, high light yield,and its low price. It is difficult to obtain the decomposition of instrument response spectrum because of limitations associated with the Na I(Tl) scintillation detector's energy resolution. This paper, based on the physical process of c photons released from decay nuclides, generating an instrument response spectrum, uses the Monte Carlo method to simulate c photons with Na I(Tl) scintillation detector interaction. The Monte Carlo response matrix is established by different single energy γ-rays with detector effects. The Gold and the improved Boosted-Gold iterative algorithms have also been used in this paper to solve the response matrix parameters through decomposing tests,such as simulating a multi-characteristic energy c-ray spectrum and simulating synthesized overlapping peaks cray spectrum. An inversion decomposition of the c instrument response spectrum for measured samples(U series, Th series and U–Th mixed sources, among others)can be achieved under the response matrix. The decomposing spectrum can be better distinguished between the similar energy characteristic peaks, which improve the error levels of activity analysis caused by the overlapping peak with significant effects.     

Design of detector to monitor the Bragg peak location of carbon ions by means of prompt γ-ray measurements with Geant4

Real-time monitoring of the Bragg peak location of carbon ions is urgently required for the quality control of hadron therapy. In this study, we design an annular detector to monitor the Bragg peak location of carbon ions with Geant4 simulation. This 360° surrounding structure has a high detection efficiency for the small-dose situation. The detector consists of a multilayered collimator system and an Na I scintillator for prompt gamma counting. The multilayered collimator includes a lead layer to prevent unwanted gammas and the paraffin and boron carbide layers to moderate and capture fast neutrons. An inclination of the detector further diminishes the background signal caused by neutrons. The detector, with optimized parameters, is applicable to carbon ions of different energies. In addition, the scintillator is replaced by an improved EJ301 organic liquid scintillator to discriminate gammas and neutrons. Inserting thin Fe slices into the liquid scintillator improves the energy deposition efficiency. The Bragg peak location of 200 Me V/u carbon ions can be monitored by prompt gamma detection with the improved liquid scintillator.