Fe-36Ni因瓦合金研究进展

概述Fe-36Ni单相奥氏体合金的强化机理和方法,介绍了这一领域近年来的研究进展,简述了Fe-36Ni因瓦合金焊接性能改善方面的研究成果.     

沉淀强化高熵合金研究进展

高熵合金是一类由多种主要元素共同组成的新型金属材料,其具有独特的微观结构和可调性能,在国内外已获得广泛关注。沉淀强化被证明是提高高熵合金屈服强度的一种非常有效的手段,并且沉淀相和基体之间的共格界面对于实现强度和塑性的良好结合非常重要。合理控制沉淀相的类型、形状、大小和体积分数是提高合金强塑性的关键因素。研究证实,采用不同的轧制、退火和时效等热处理工艺可调控合金的基体微观组织、沉淀相特征。沉淀强化高熵合金虽然表现出优异的拉伸性能和热稳定性,但目前对其疲劳、蠕变和氧化行为及相关机理等尚不清晰。因此,应对材料进行综合评价以促进性能优越的高温器件的合理设计和制造。使用计算模拟的方式对沉淀相的元素分布、电子结构、成键状态等内在特性进行量化研究,对沉淀相的演化过程进行针对性的预测和控制,有助于合理设计合金成分体系。本文综述了沉淀强化高熵合金的相形成、力学性能、热稳定性和计算机建模等方面的研究进展,归纳总结了相关问题,对今后设计沉淀强化高熵合金具有一定的指导意义。     

高比重钨合金沉淀强化的研究

综述了近年来高比重钨合金中沉淀强化的研究动态、采用的方法以及达到的水平，对沉淀强化的发展提出了建议。     

W对Fe-Ni因瓦合金性能的影响

以具有细化晶粒作用的顺磁性W元素对Fe-Ni因瓦合金4J36进行合金化,制取具有低膨胀系数、高强度的膨胀合金,实验通过熔炼、锻打成型及热处理等试样制备工艺,在化学分析、金相和电镜扫描、晶粒度、显微硬度以及膨胀系数检测基础上,依据磁致伸缩理论和金属强化理论分析性能提升的机理。结果表明,W合金化后基体的膨胀系数符合标准的要求,并且提高了基体强度。     

氢在沉淀强化合金γ/γ′间占位的第一原理计算

本文针对沉淀强化奥氏体合金氢脆通常较单相奥氏体严重这一点,采用离散变分方法对氢在沉淀强化奥氏体合金中γ基体与γ′相之间占位进行了第一原理计算和分析。结果表明,氢原子在一般沉淀强化合金的γ与γ′相错配度范围内不会偏聚在相界,而是倾向进入基体中,错配度的微小变化对氢的占位没有影响。只有错配度大于3.7%左右,相当于有一定应变的条件下,氢才会有进入γ′相的倾向。在形变过程中进入γ′相的氢使得γ基体与γ′相界面原子成键的方向性增强,从而影响合金的氢脆性能。     

氢在沉淀强化合金γ/γ＇间占位的第一原理计算

本文针对沉淀强化奥氏体合金氢脆通常较单相奥氏体严重这一点,采用离散变分方法对氢在沉淀强化奥氏体合金中γ基体与γ＇相之间占位进行了第一原理计算和分析.结果表明,氢原子在一般沉淀强化合金的γ与γ＇相错配度范围内不会偏聚在相界,而是倾向进入基体中,错配度的微小变化对氢的占位没有影响.只有错配度大于3.7%左右,相当于有一定应变的条件下,氢才会有进入γ＇相的倾向.在形变过程中进入γ＇相的氢使得γ基体与γ＇相界面原子成键的方向性增强,从而影响合金的氢脆性能.     

高强高导铜(合金)基复合材料强化与物性研究进展

从材料强化和物性研究两方面综述了国内外高强高导铜(合金)基复合材料的最新研究进展.评述了各种强化方法:沉淀强化、细晶强化、相变强化、形变强化、弥散强化和第二相强化.介绍分析了复合材料制备的各种工艺方法:液固两相铸造复合工艺、SHS法、半固态凝固法、粉末冶金法和复合电沉积法.归纳了影响导电性能的因素:合金元素的种类、含量和相结构.最后讨论了该类材料的研究及发展趋势.     

沉淀强化奥氏体合金的氢致断裂行为

研究了未充氢和热充氢沉淀强化奥氏体合金的拉伸断裂行为,分析了其氢脆敏感性与拉伸断裂行为间的联系,研究了氢对合金局部塑性变形及微裂纹形核的影响。结果表明:氢使沉淀强化合金由单一的韧窝断裂转变为韧窝断裂、沿晶断裂和滑移带开裂的混合断裂方式。其原因是:一方面,氢促进位错平面化滑移趋势、加剧局部塑性变形;另一方面,滑移带被晶界、孪晶界以及不同取向的滑移带所阻碍,引起了位错塞积和氢聚集。     

AlCoCrFeNi系高熵合金的强化方法研究

高熵合金又称多主元合金,相比以一种或两种元素为主的传统合金,高熵合金多主元合金设计理念使其具有独特的成分和结构特征,并展示了一系列优异的力学性能.尤其是近几年,拥有高强度、高延性的高熵合金纷纷涌现,这对高熵合金的工程化应用具有重要意义.合金的力学性能与其强化方法息息相关,如细晶强化、共格第二相强化、非共格第二相强化、异质结构强化等强化机制都在不同程度上促进了高熵合金力学性能的提升,因此了解高熵合金的强化方法和机制对于提高高熵合金的力学性能、探索新的高强高韧高熵合金意义重大.AlCoCrFeNi系高熵合金是目前研究最多的高熵合金体系之一,而且该体系高熵合金还可以通过成分调节和热机械处理工艺产生不同的组织结构,进而引入不同的强化机制,合金的力学性能可以在大范围内进行调控,是研究高熵合金强化方法的理想材料.基于此,本文以AlCoCrFeNi合金体系为对象,回顾了近几年高熵合金的强化方法,包括细晶强化、共格第二相强化、非共格第二相强化和异质结构强化,进一步阐述了成分和组织调控对高熵合金强化方法和力学性能的影响.不仅如此,本文还通过总结复合强化机制,发现必须借助多种强化机制才能使合金达到更高的强度,最后对高熵合金的强化方法研究进行了简单的总结和展望.     

氢在沉淀强化合金γ/γ''间占位的第一原理计算

本文针对沉淀强化奥氏体合金氢脆通常较单相奥氏体严重这一点,采用离散变分方法对氢在沉淀强化奥氏体合金中γ基体与γ'相之间占位进行了第一原理计算和分析.结果表明,氢原子在一般沉淀强化合金的γ与γ'相错配度范围内不会偏聚在相界,而是倾向进入基体中,错配度的微小变化对氢的占位没有影响.只有错配度大于3.7%左右,相当于有一定应变的条件下,氢才会有进入γ'相的倾向.在形变过程中进入γ'相的氢使得γ基体与γ'相界面原子成键的方向性增强,从而影响合金的氢脆性能.     

Fe-36Ni高温高应变率动态力学性能及其本构关系

为研究Fe-36Ni因瓦合金的动态力学性能及其本构关系,在20～800℃和10-3～104 s-1的应变率内,采用电子万能试验机和高温分离式霍普金森压杆分别对Fe-36Ni因瓦合金进行准静态实验和动态压缩实验,得到其高温、高应变率下的应力-应变曲线.结果表明,Fe-36Ni因瓦合金的流动应力表现出较强的应变率和温度敏感性,随着应变率的增大而增大,随着温度的升高而减小.采用改进应变率项和温度项的Johnson-Cook本构方程拟合了Fe-36Ni因瓦合金在高温、高应变率下的动态塑性本构关系,拟合结果与试验数据吻合很好.     

Enhancement in Physical Properties of Silver-Doped Fe–Ni Invar Nano-alloy Using Chemical Reduction Method

Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism - Silver-substituted Fe–Ni nano invar alloy is a new and innovative field of research due to their interesting invar, magnetic and electrical...     

Effect of a plated Fe-Cr-Ni alloy layer for rapid nitriding of invar

The nitriding rate in a plated invar with an Fe-Ni-Cr alloy (face-centred cubic) layer were compared by optical microscopy with the rate in an unplated invar. In the plated invar rapid nitrogen diffusion was discovered. The plated layer plays a role in enhancing the nitriding rate. The result gives a solution for an abnormal enhancement nitriding rate in austenitic stainless steels. The enhancement is explained from the viewpoint of non-equilibrium thermodynamics.     

因瓦合金箔电沉积工艺的研究

对硫酸盐-氯化物电解液体系(含有LGJ复配稳定剂和添加剂)中电沉积因瓦合金箔的工艺进行了研究,讨论了电解液组成、电流密度、温度及pH值等因素对合金箔组成的影响,得到了制备因瓦合金箔的最佳镀液组成及工艺条件。阴阳极面积比为2∶1时,通过实验确定镍铁联合阳极面积比为1.8∶1。在上述条件下,实验获得组成稳定(Fe 64±2%)和性能优良的合金箔。通过SEM、EDS和XRD对因瓦合金箔的形貌及结构进行测定分析,表明合金箔晶粒细致、尺寸均匀、结构紧密、表面光滑平整、无孔洞和裂纹、晶粒结构为(111)、(200)、(311)及(222)织构,并表现为较强的(111)择优取向。     

Microstructure characterisation and CTE study of Fe—42Ni—Nb invar alloys

Invar alloy has low coefficient of thermal expansion; however, the week strength always limits its application. To circumvent this problem, the authors have designed Fe—42%Ni—Nb invar alloy using midfrequency vacuum induction melting technique. The microstructures of this alloy were characterised by means of XRD, SEM and TEM. The multicomponent composition (NiFeCMnNb) is chosen such that upon chill casting of the alloy the liquid undergoes a metastable reaction, forming a strengthening NbC precipitated phase on γ-(Fe, Ni) solid solution. As a result, the alloy achieves the low coefficient of thermal expansion α_30–100=6·14 × 10^?6 K^?1 ranged from room temperature to 100°C. The results show: in NiFe invar alloys, the primary phases are γ-(NiFe), FeNi₃) Ni and Fe₂C; and with the addition of carbon, manganese and rare earth niobium, NiFeCMnNb invar alloy achieves such primary phases as γ-(NiFe) and Nb_yC_x; and TEM structure consists of superfine structure and its matrix is γ-(NiFe).     

Al/stainless-invar composites with tailored anisotropy for thermal management in light weight electronic packaging

Composite plates in which the low CTE phase has the shape of a honeycomb are anticipated to present optimum anisotropy of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity for baseplates in electronic packaging. This design is explored by choosing an invar alloy for the low CTE phase. In order to allow the formation of a passivation layer protecting from reaction with liquid Al during squeeze casting, the honeycomb is made of the Cr-rich alloy commonly called “stainless-invar”. Composite plates containing 20 vol.% and 38 vol.% stainless invar were processed using honeycombs with the same thickness over cell side ratio. Experimental CTE values are significantly lower than the predictions of three different thermo-elastic models. The very limited amplitude of the strain hysteresis precludes the occurrence of global plastic yielding in the matrix. It appears that, owing to the high contiguity of the low CTE phase, the low value of the experimental CTE results from void closing and opening by localised plastic flow. A honeycomb volume fraction of 38% is necessary for bringing the average CTE down to the level suitable for packaging applications. The ratio of transverse thermal conductivity to density then amounts to about half of the performance of the best Al/SiC composites.     

Establishing an invar leveling calibration system

Abstract

Precise height systems are widely utilized in civil engineering projects such as high‐speed railroads, and highways and bridge construction. However, highly precise height data is obtained using precise leveling. An extremely precise invar leveling rod is necessary for obtaining precise results.

In this study, an automatic calibration system for invar leveling has been established by the National Measurement Laboratory (NML). The content belongs to the long scales calibration system of D17 of the NML. This system utilizes a steady frequency laser interferometer, a CCD microscopic monitor, and a precise moving mechanism. With this system, an invar rod and a mark invar leveling rod are applied to estimate uncertainty with a 95% confidence level. Uncertainty results are 22 μm and 21 μm for the invar leveling rods and mark invar leveling rods, respectively.     

Ferro-antiferromagnetic transition in the alloy system Fe65(Ni1-xCrx)35at low temperatures

The magnetic and electric properties of iron-nickel "invar" alloys and stainless steels are measured at low temperatures. It is shown that "invar" alloys such as stainless steels exhibit one-directional anisotropy, and their electric and galvanomagnetic properties are rather specific. It is shown also that the concentration dependence of Neel temperatures and magnetoresistance for the systems Fe-Ni and Fe65(Ni1-xCrx)35are similar.     

Sintering behaviour of the diamond-super invar alloy system at high temperature and pressure

In the diamond-super invar alloy system, effect of the grain size of the starting diamond powder on the sintering behaviour was investigated at 5.8 G Pa and 1300 to 1500 ° C for 30 to 60 min. Abnormal grain growth was often observed in the sintered diamond using fine diamond powder, but a homogeneous sintered diamond was easily synthesized using 5 to 10m diamond. By the rigorous control of sintering conditions, a 3m grain size homogeneous sintered diamond was synthesized under conditions of 5.8 G Pa and 1350 ° C for 30 min. The Vickers hardness and thermal resistance of the fine grained sintered diamond was examined.     

A study of thermal stability in electrodeposited nanocrystalline Fe-Ni invar alloy

The grain growth of an electrodeposited nanocrystalline Fe-Ni invar alloy was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed very limited grain growth below the temperature of 0.36T_m, and the activation energy was 40 ± 3 kJ/mol in the low temperature range, which implied the possible mechanism of grain growth as re-ordering of grain boundaries; an abrupt grain growth happened above 0.36T_m with a DSC exothermic peak detected, of which the heat release was about 14 ± 2 J/g; at temperatures above 0.36T_m, the grain growth activation energy was obtained through Kissinger analysis and isothermal kinetics analysis, both of the results suggested the grain growth mechanism as grain boundary diffusion.