超声外场对原位TiB2/2A14铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用超声外场-原位混合盐反应法制备3%TiB_2/2A14(体积分数)铝基复合材料,在往复式摩擦磨损试验机上进行4种不同载荷(20,30,40,50N)的磨损实验,研究不同超声处理工艺制备的复合材料的耐磨性和摩擦行为。使用显微硬度计测量基体和复合材料的显微硬度。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对测试样品进行物相成分鉴定、显微组织和表面磨损形貌观察,并研究其磨损机理。结果表明:超声能够有效打散颗粒团聚,改善颗粒分布状态,强化颗粒与基体的界面结合强度,因此经过超声处理的复合材料的耐磨性和显微硬度明显优于合金基体。经120s超声处理获得的复合材料,其硬度约为基体合金的2倍。在50N载荷的作用下,其磨损率约为基体合金的57.43%。在干摩擦条件下,基体主要表现为黏着磨损,复合材料表现为黏着磨损+磨粒磨损的混合型磨损,耐磨性能更佳。     

法向载荷对Fe基块体非晶复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

为研究法向载荷对Fe基块体非晶复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,首先利用水冷铜模吸铸法制备了Fe基块体非晶复合材料;随后采用X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计分别对试样的物相组成和显微硬度进行表征;再通过往复摩擦磨损试验仪检测试样的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：所制备的Fe基块体非晶复合材料内部同时存在晶体相和非晶相且非晶相占比为55.65%。此外相比于同种成分的传统晶态材料,Fe基块体非晶复合材料具有较高的硬度。随着载荷的逐渐增大,试样表面的磨损机制由最初的磨粒磨损和氧化磨损逐渐演变为磨粒、氧化以及疲劳3种磨损机制共存,磨损量进一步增加。     

高Cu铸造铝合金的摩擦磨损性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用压铸工艺制备Cu含量为5%~20%(质量分数,下同)的Al-Cu合金试样。在布氏硬度计上测定试样的硬度,利用球盘往复式磨损试验机进行3种载荷(1~5 N)的磨损实验,通过SEM和EDS分析不同Cu含量试样的磨损机理。结果表明:随着Cu含量从5%增加至20%,Al-Cu合金中θ相的体积分数由2.00%增加到25.80%,且θ相的尺寸逐渐增大;硬度从59HB增加到170HB。摩擦因数在0.4~0.85范围内变化;Al-Cu合金试样的比磨损率随Cu含量增加先急剧降低后趋于平缓,Cu含量达到15%以上合金试样比磨损率变化不大,最低比磨损率在4.1×10^(-4)mm 3·N^(-1)·m^(-1)左右;较低Cu含量试样的比磨损率随载荷变化显著,随着Cu含量增加比磨损率差别减小。Al-Cu合金的主要磨损机制为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损,低Cu含量试样以黏着磨损为主,高Cu含量试样以磨粒磨损为主;随着载荷的增加,低Cu含量试样黏着磨损程度增加,高Cu含量试样磨粒磨损程度增加。     

铁基块体非晶合金的摩擦磨损性能

采用电弧熔炼、铜模吸铸法制备直径为5mm的Fe基块体非晶合金棒,利用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机进行干摩擦磨损实验,利用扫描电子显微镜观察摩擦磨损形貌,研究了铁基块体非晶合金的摩擦磨损行为,并与GCr15轴承钢进行了对比.结果表明,铁基非晶合金具有较好的耐磨性能,30N载荷作用下,随着摩擦磨损行程的延长,铁基非晶合金体现了不...     

深冷处理粉末对冷喷涂层的沉积和磨损性能影响

对铁基非晶合金粉末进行循环深冷处理增强其塑性变形能力,采用冷喷涂技术在AZ31B镁合金、6061铝合金以及Q235碳钢等具有不同性能的基体材料表面制备非晶涂层,研究深冷处理铁基非晶粉末在不同基体表面的沉积行为、涂层与基体间的界面结合状态以及涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,基体的硬度、导热系数和弹性模量会影响颗粒的应变条件、散热速率和回弹能量,进而影响涂层的变形状态、致密程度和沉积效率;深冷处理提高了非晶涂层的沉积效率,涂层的沉积厚度均大于原始非晶涂层。在摩擦磨损过程中,随着基体硬度的上升,基体及涂层的摩擦系数增大,磨损率降低。与基体相比,铁基非晶合金颗粒有效抑制了磨球的切削作用,原始非晶涂层的摩擦系数减小,磨损率降低;与原始非晶涂层相比,深冷处理非晶涂层更加致密,其摩擦系数曲线更加平稳,磨损率进一步降低。镁合金基体和非晶涂层的磨损机制都为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损;铝合金基体的磨损机制为粘着磨损和疲劳磨损以及氧化磨损,非晶涂层的磨损机制都为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损;碳钢基体和非晶涂层的磨损机制都为疲劳磨损和氧化磨损。     

超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr_3C_2涂层的组织结构与摩擦学性能

为进一步提高超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr_3C_2涂层的性能,采用超音速火焰喷涂技术在AISI1045钢基体上制备NiCr-Cr_3C_2涂层。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分析了涂层的形貌、相结构及化学成分;测试了涂层的显微硬度、弹性模量、结合强度等;采用摩擦磨损试验探究了涂层的摩擦学性能,得出了摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线及涂层的摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr_3C_2涂层晶体结构复杂,含有单晶、纳米晶,还含有少量非晶相,且涂层结构致密,孔隙率低,显微硬度为916 HV3 N,弹性模量为248.671 GPa,结合强度为63 MPa;在不同载荷条件下,涂层的摩擦系数随时间变化趋势大致相同,且载荷越大,摩擦系数越低,磨损体积越大;载荷为20 N时,涂层磨损机制表现为黏着磨损,载荷增大到60 N时,涂层磨损机制过渡到磨粒磨损。     

AZ91及AZ91-Y合金复合干摩擦性能的对比

为了探究AZ91镁合金的复合干摩擦行为,以未淬火45钢为摩擦副,在不同载荷下(100,200,300 N),开展AZ91及Y含量为1.0%(质量分数)合金的复合干摩擦实验。采用OM,XRD,SEM等观察合金的磨损形貌并分析磨损机理。结果表明:增加法向载荷,两试样复合磨损率线性增加但摩擦因数却逐渐减小;Al 2Y硬质颗粒可细化晶粒、弱化相界面开裂倾向以提高AZ91-Y合金耐磨性。100,300 N法向载荷下,AZ91-Y合金主要磨损机制分别为磨粒磨损和剥离磨损,与基体(AZ91)一致,其磨损率分别降低了21.7%和5.9%。     

AlCrNiFeTi高熵合金涂层的电火花沉积制备与摩擦磨损性能

采用真空电弧熔炼法制备直径为7 mm AlCrNiFeTi高熵合金(high-entropy alloy,HEA)作为电极,使用电火花沉积技术在304不锈钢表面成功制备了AlCrNiFeTi高熵合金涂层。通过XRD、OM、EDS、SEM、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机对涂层的微观组织结构和摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明,AlCrNiFeTi电极与涂层均以BCC1和BCC2简单固溶体为主,电极微观组织结构呈典型的树枝晶。涂层由沉积点堆叠铺展形成,表面均匀致密呈橘皮状、凸凹不平,为喷溅花样展开,涂层截面结构无宏观缺陷,厚度约为59.67μm。AlCrNiFeTi涂层最大显微硬度为587.3HV_0.2,比基材的硬度提高了约2.45倍。随着载荷的增大,涂层的磨损机制由氧化磨损和轻微磨粒磨损转变为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。当摩擦载荷为5 N时,磨损率为1.213×10^-3 mm³/(N·m),摩擦因数仅为0.446,涂层的磨损率较基材的磨损率减小了约28.3%。     

Al_xCrCuFeNi_2多主元高熵合金的摩擦磨损性能

采用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机进行干燥、去离子水、模拟雨水3种环境和3种载荷(5,10,15N)下的正交实验,对比了两种不同结构的高熵合金材料在不同环境、不同载荷下的服役情况,对合金的摩擦磨损性能进行了探索。利用X射线衍射仪、白光干涉仪、光学显微镜以及扫描电子显微镜分别测试样品的物相组成,观察磨痕轮廓,分析合金的金相组织和表面磨损形貌,并对其磨损机理进行了分析。结果表明:Al_(1.3)CrCuFeNi_2合金耐磨性明显优于AlCrCuFeNi2合金。Al_xCrCuFeNi_2合金在液体环境中耐磨性更好。合金在干摩擦条件下,摩擦机理主要为氧化、黏着磨损,塑性变形和磨粒磨损。在水中,磨粒磨损起主导作用,同时具有氧化、腐蚀和轻微的黏着现象。     

钛合金表面电弧离子镀TiA1N涂层的抗高温氧化性能研究

运用电弧离子镀技术，采用热等静压Ti0.5Al0.5合金靶在航空用钛合金TC11基片上制备了TiA1N防护涂层，并采用SEM、AES、XPS等方法研究了涂层在空气中的抗高温氧化性能。结果表明，涂层发生了选择性氧化，外层生成富Al层而内层形成富Ti层；同时进行了涂层的室温干摩擦试验，结果表明，TC11钛合全基体同GCr15钢珠的磨损表现出黏着磨损的特征，磨痕宽度约100μm，而TiA1N涂层通过提高表面硬度改善了钛合金的黏着磨损状况。     

The effect of titanium addition on the microstructure,mechanical and tribological properties of Ni3Si alloys prepared by powder metallurgy method

Ni₃Si alloy with different content of titanium was fabricated by powder metallurgy method. The microstructures, hardness and tribological properties of the alloys were investigation. The results showed that pure Ni₃Si alloy was composed of β₁‐Ni₃Si phase and γ‐Ni₃₁Si₁₂ phase, and Ni₃Ti phase formed with titanium addition. The hardness of the alloy decreased with the increasing titanium content. The friction coefficient of pure Ni₃Si alloy increased with the increasing load, while the friction coefficient of the alloy with titanium addition decreased. The wear rates of the alloys were all increased with increasing load, and the alloy with 5 % titanium addition had the best wear resistance properties. The wear mechanisms of the alloys were abrasive wear at low load, and the wear mechanisms changed to oxidative wear at high load.     

不同温度下等离子渗氮后TC4钛合金的摩擦磨损性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用等离子渗氮技术提升TC4钛合金的耐磨性并探究最优渗氮温度。利用LDM 1-100型等离子渗氮设备,在650,700,750,800,850℃和900℃温度下对TC4钛合金进行渗氮处理,保温时间均为10 h。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、白光三维形貌仪、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计分别对不同温度渗氮试样的微观组织结构、表面形貌、表面粗糙度、相结构和硬度进行表征。利用CETR UMT-3型多功能摩擦磨损试验机测试等离子渗氮后TC4钛合金的摩擦学性能。结果表明:TC4钛合金表面显微硬度和粗糙度随温度升高而增大,在900℃渗氮后TC4钛合金表面显微硬度达到了1318HV 0.05,约为基体(360HV 0.05)的4倍。硬度的升高是由于渗氮后试样表面形成了硬质氮化物相(TiN和Ti2N相),且随着渗氮温度升高氮化物的含量增加。相较于低温渗氮(低于750℃)的试样,850℃和900℃渗氮试样的承载能力显著提升。与原始TC4试样相比,渗氮处理后试样的磨损体积显著降低。当渗氮温度为850℃时,试样磨损体积为未处理试样磨损体积的1.2%(1 N),3.0%(3 N)和62.2%(5 N),试样的耐磨性提升更为显著。     

QT600材料表面离子镀AlCrN涂层的耐磨性能研究

采用多弧离子镀膜的方法在空压机转子QT600表面制备AlCrN涂层,详细研究干滑动摩擦条件下,不同载荷对涂层和基体的滑动摩擦学特性.研究结果表明:转子基体的磨损形式主要为黏着与磨粒磨损,载荷越高,磨粒磨损越严重;Al-CrN涂层在2N载荷下的磨损形式主要为黏着磨损,在8N载荷下主要为黏着与磨粒磨损.     

TA15钛合金表面原位合成TiC增强钛基激光熔覆层的组织与耐磨性EI北大核心CSCD

采用激光熔覆技术在TA15钛合金表面原位合成TiC增强钛基涂层。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱分析仪、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等研究涂层的成形质量、微观组织、物相组成、硬度和摩擦学性能。结果表明:涂层主要由β-Ti,Co_(3)Ti,CrTi_(4)和TiC等物相组成,涂层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合。涂层结合区组织是平面晶和柱状晶,中部组织是树枝晶,顶部组织是等轴晶。涂层各微区的碳化钛形貌有显著差别,其中顶部和中部区域碳化钛为粗大的树枝状和花瓣状,而结合区为针状和近球状。涂层显微硬度最大值为715HV,约是TA15显微硬度(330HV)的2.1倍;同等条件下涂层磨损量为30.14 mg,约为TA15磨损量98.11 mg的30.7%。涂层与基体的磨损机制均为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损的复合磨损模式,但涂层的磨损程度较轻。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of copper–titanium–nitrogen multiphase layers produced by a duplex treatment on C17200 copper–beryllium alloy

In this study, a copper–titanium–nitrogen multiphase coating was fabricated on the surface of C17200 copper–beryllium alloy by deposition and plasma nitriding in order to improve the surface mechanical properties. The phase composition, microstructure and microhardness profiles of the as-obtained multiphase coating were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vickers microhardness measurements, respectively. Pin-on-disk tribometer and SEM equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were applied to measure tribological properties and analyze wear mechanisms involved. The XRD results show that the phase composition changes with nitriding temperature. The Ti₂N layer is replaced by a Cu–Ti intermetallic layer when the nitriding temperature is higher than 700 °C. The Cu/Ti ratio in the multiphase coatings remains at a constant value of 2:1 due to the incorporation of nitrogen atoms. The surface hardness achieves a maximum value of 983 HV at 650 °C, and decreases as the nitriding temperature increases. The increased hardness corresponds to the improved wear resistance and decreased frictional coefficient and the surface hardness is proportional to the wear rates. The wear mechanism depends on the phase composition of the multiphase coatings. With the nitriding temperature increasing, the oxidative wear mechanism changes to adhesive and abrasive mode.     

Electric-spark alloying of VT22 alloy by chromium and tungsten electrode materials

We investigate the dependence of the erosion characteristics of Cr and W electrode materials during deposition of an electric-spark coating on VT22 titanium alloy. The interrelation between the phase composition, structure, and tribological properties of a coating obtained by electric-spark alloying is determined. It is shown that a coating obtained from tungsten has optimal tribological properties: a micro- hardness of 16 GPa and a wear resistance of 4.9 μm/km at a sliding velocity of 5 m/sec and a load of 0.5 MPa.     

Tribological properties of Ti40Zr25Ni8Cu9Be18 bulk metallic glasses under different conditions

The tribological behavior of Ti₄₀Zr₂₅Ni₈Cu₉Be₁₈ bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) under dry sliding and deionized water, as well as in 30%, 60%, and 90% hydrogen peroxide solution, were investigated by a block-on-disc test. This study demonstrates that the environmental conditions significantly affect the tribological behavior of the BMGs. The friction coefficient was lowest under the dry sliding condition and highest under 60% hydrogen peroxide solution. The wear resistance of BMGs was highest under the dry sliding condition, and lowest under 30% hydrogen peroxide solution. Analysis of the worn surface revealed that the Ti-based BMGs exhibited inhomogeneous plastic deformation, abrasive wear, adhesive wear, micro-cutting, and peeling off during sliding. In addition, the wear mechanism may have changed with an alteration in the environment.     

极地船舶新型低温钢板的干摩擦性能

为了探讨极地船舶新型钢板(LTSM)的实用性,采用UMT-3 Tribolab多功能摩擦磨损试验机测试了其摩擦性能,研究了不同载荷下的磨损行为及其磨损机制,并与现役的DH_32型低温高强钢板进行了对比。结果表明:随着载荷的增加,2种钢板的摩擦系数都有所降低,LTSM的磨损率较DH_32的低,磨损后的接触表面硬度比磨损前有增加;当载荷从10 N升高到30 N时,LTSM的磨损机理由黏着磨损转化为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损,在磨损过程中会发生氧化磨损;磨损过程中氧化层、转移层和磨屑都会对摩擦系数产生影响。     

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of in situ Formed Duplex Coating Fabricated by Plasma Nitriding Ti Coated 2024 Al Alloy

In this study, plasma nitriding was carried out on pure titanium film coated 2024 Al alloy to improve its surface mechanical property. Ti film with the thickness of 3.0 mm was firstly fabricated by means of magnetron sputtering method. Then, the Ti coated specimen was subjected to plasma atmosphere comprising 40% N2e60% H2 at 430 C for 8 h. The microstructures of the nitrided specimens were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Microhardness tester and pin-on-disc tribometer were used to test the mechanical properties of the untreated and nitrided specimen. The results showed that the surface of the nitrided specimen was composed of three layers（i.e. the outside nitride Ti N0.3layer, the middle Al3 Ti layer and the inside Al18Ti2Mg3 layer）. The surface hardness and wear resistance of 2024 Al alloy were increased simultaneously by duplex treatment. The untreated specimen exhibited severe adhesive wear while the nitrided one behaved in middle abrasive wear.