矿渣水泥中矿渣含钛量与SO3掺量的关系

采用不同含钛量的矿渣与水泥熟料及不同掺量的石膏配制成矿渣水泥,通过分析混合水泥中石膏掺量与矿渣掺量及矿渣中TiO2含量的关系,研究了矿渣水泥中矿渣含钛量与石膏掺量的关系。     

KR脱硫渣碱激发矿渣的配比优化及水化特性

KR脱硫渣是铁水脱硫工序产生的废渣,多种固废协同制备胶凝材料是脱硫渣资源化的有效途径。本文利用KR脱硫渣、矿渣和脱硫石膏制备固废基胶凝材料,研究KR脱硫渣和矿渣掺量对胶凝材料力学性能的影响,优化原材料配比。通过XRD、TG-DSC、IR、SEM-EDS和水化热测试方法研究了固废基胶凝材料的水化产物及水化特性。结果表明,固废基胶凝材料优化配比为KR脱硫渣25%(质量分数,下同),矿渣60%,脱硫石膏15%,胶凝材料3 d、28 d、90 d抗压强度分别达到30.01 MPa、49.47 MPa和55.73 MPa。固废基胶凝材料的早期水化放热速率低,3 d累积放热量仅为普通硅酸盐水泥(OPC)的37.9%,其水化产物主要是针棒状钙矾石(AFt)和无定形水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶。KR脱硫渣中大量的Ca(OH)₂在水化早期可以碱激发矿渣,使玻璃相硅酸盐解体,同时与脱硫石膏反应促进AFt的生成。KR脱硫渣、矿渣和脱硫石膏协同反应使水化后期的水化产物持续增加,相互胶结形成致密结构,有利于强度的持续增长。     

电石渣激发钢渣-矿渣固化淤泥质土的试验研究

钢渣和矿渣是常见的两种工业废渣,大量堆放且资源化利用困难。以钢渣粉和矿渣粉为基础材料,电石渣粉作为激发剂,可对淤泥质土进行固化处理。通过开展无侧限抗压强度试验,分析固化淤泥质土的强度特性和应力-应变关系,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等微观测试,探索电石渣激发钢渣-矿渣固化淤泥质土的作用机理。结果表明,电石渣粉质量掺量为6%时,电石渣-钢渣-矿渣固化淤泥质土无侧限抗压强度最大,28 d固化淤泥质土强度与同龄期水泥土相当,且具有较好的延性。电石渣可以提供碱性环境和大量钙离子,有效激发钢渣和矿渣的水化活性,促进C-S-H凝胶的大量生成,同时促进离子交换和团粒化作用,使固化淤泥质土强度显著提高。     

水泥–矿渣复合胶凝材料中矿渣的水化特性

通过对不同矿渣掺量时水泥–矿渣复合胶凝材料中矿渣的反应程度、硬化浆体中Ca（OH）2含量以及水化硅酸钙（C–S–H）凝胶的Ca/Si比（Ca和Si的摩尔比）的测定,研究复合胶凝材料体系中矿渣的水化特性。结果表明：在水泥–矿渣复合胶凝材料中,矿渣掺量越大,矿渣反应程度越低,但矿渣掺量≤70%时,对矿渣的反应程度影响不大。高温养护可提高早期矿渣的反应程度,但阻碍其后期的进一步水化。矿渣早期水化生成外部水化产物时消耗一定的Ca（OH）2,使硬化浆体中Ca（OH）2含量降低,矿渣水化吸收Ca（OH）2中的Ca2＋,使生成的C–S–H凝胶的Ca/Si比降低较少;在水化后期,矿渣生成内部水化产物不再消耗较多的Ca（OH）2,使C–S–H凝胶的Ca/Si比降低相对较多,硬化浆体中Ca（OH）2含量有增加的趋势,保证硬化浆体的长期稳定性。     

宝钢Corex渣和常用矿渣性能的比较

研究了宝钢Corex矿渣和常用矿渣的物理性能、易磨性、活性和自身水硬性。结果表明,宝钢Corex渣和常用矿渣的化学成分比较接近。两种矿渣碱度均大于1,说明两者有较高的潜在水化活性。由于Corex渣具有较高的致密性、含铁率和容重,使得Corex渣的易磨性较常用矿渣差。此外,在细度接近时,宝钢Corex渣的自身水硬强度略高于常用矿渣,但Corex渣的早期活性指数明显高于常用矿渣,在比表面积为400~450 m2/kg时,Corex渣的早期(3 d、7 d)活性指数分别高于常用矿渣15%和20%以上,两者后期(28 d)活性相差不大。     

Effects of Slag Refining on Boron Removal from Metallurgical-Grade Silicon Using Recycled Slag with Active Component

A new slag refining method to remove boron from metallurgical silicon (MG-Si) by mixed reused slag and active component was proposed. The silicon was refined with CaCl₂-CaO-SiO₂ slag system in this work. The boron removal efficiency under different temperature and holding time was investigated, particularly for the recycle of the used slag mixed with different amount of CaCl₂ in the 2^nd and the 3^rd run. The multiple slag refining was adopted to test the effect of reused slag; the boron removal ratio was 96% and 94% at 1923 K and 1873 K, respectively. These methods could significantly reduce the slag amount in refining. The total transfer coefficient of boron was also derived by the boron content. The overall boron removal mechanism and effect of slag recycle on boron removal was also discussed.     

钢渣矿渣基全固废胶凝材料的化学活化

为了促进钢铁冶金渣的高附加值应用,以钢渣、矿渣和脱硫石膏为原料制备胶凝材料,研究了不同掺量CaO或Na2SO4对胶凝材料的化学活化作用,并利用XRD、SEM对掺入激发剂胶凝材料的水化产物进行了分析.结果表明,掺入少量CaO或者 Na2SO4的胶凝材料净浆试块早期抗压强度会有一定的提高,后期强度变化不大;但当Na2SO4掺量超过2%时,净浆试块的抗压强度会降低.掺入激发剂对胶凝材料的水化产物种类不会造成影响,其水化产物主要包括钙矾石(AFt)、水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶和氢氧化钙(CH).     

石膏对矿渣粉磨及矿渣水泥性能的影响

本文主要研究了两种类型石膏对矿渣的助磨激发效果及对矿渣水泥与萘系、聚羧酸盐系高效减水剂适应性的影响.试验结果表明:矿渣粉磨过程中添加适量的硬石膏、二水石膏,均有助磨激发效果.开始阶段,细度变化明显,比表面积增加较多,用矿渣中SO3百分比衡量,二水石膏的最佳掺量是2.80％,硬石膏的最佳掺量是3.30％.同等掺量下,二水石膏明显优于硬石膏.两种石膏对矿渣水泥抗折强度早期影响大于后期,二水石膏对28 d抗压强度影响优于硬石膏;二水石膏显著改善矿渣水泥与减水剂的适应性.     

Slag erosion-resistant coating for periclase-magnesia-aluminum spinel brick

The magnesia-carbon bricks are used at the ladle slag line adds carbon to molten steel and thus has an adverse effect on the smelting process. Steel production enterprises hope to remove carbon from the ladle slag line. This study presents a Silica sol (SS)–magnesium aluminate spinel(MA) coating that can be applied to the surfaces of periclase–MA spinel brick (spinel brick) to improve their slag erosion resistance, facilitating the elimination of carbon from the ladle slag line. The slag corrosion resistance mechanism of a spinel brick covered with the SS–MA coating was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and simulation using FactSage software. The results show that increasing the SS content (C_SS) led to the formation of fine cracks during the coating-drying process and was detrimental to the slag erosion resistance of the coating. The optimum C_SS was 20%. In the high-temperature slag erosion experiment, the MA in the coating was capable of forming solid solutions with Fe and Mn in the slag, and the nano-SiO₂ in the coating interacted with the slag, increasing the viscosity of the slag and reducing its penetration. In addition, the presence of the coating extended the penetration path of the slag and reduced the contact area between the slag and the spinel brick and their chances to undergo chemical reactions, thereby protecting the spinel brick from slag erosion. The coated spinel bricks outperformed the magnesia-carbon brick in terms of slag erosion resistance, providing a basis for selecting carbon-free refractory materials for the ladle slag line.     

Surface Structure of Converter Slag Stabilized by Heating

Converter slag contains free lime (CaO) and unstable iron oxides (FeO, FeOOH) that may lead to expansive self-destruction. A typical industry practice for converter slag has been stabilization by steam curing and autoclaving; however, the stabilization can only reach the surface, and not the inside, of slag particles. A new method is proposed in this study to stabilize the converter slag by heating at a low temperature. After magnetic separation, specimens of converter slag were subjected to heating for 2 h at a temperature of 500°C, resulting in a decrease of free lime content irrespective of the particle size. This effect was attributed to the formation of Ca₂Fe₉O₁₃ and complicated apatite groups owing to the heating. The iron oxides in the converter slag were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectra. It was found that after heating, the unstable FeO (wustite) content decreased and an oxidized α-Fe₂O₃ (hematite) increased. This led to the prevention of the iron-induced expansion. The rate of heat liberation by the free lime in converter slag was smaller than that of the reagent CaO. This suggests that the presumed free lime is in a different form based on the Ca bond energy in the surface of slag particles.     

改质剂对LATS精炼钢包渣粘度的影响

为减少LATS合金化精炼钢包浸渍罩粘渣,研究了LATS精炼前后钢包渣粘度的变化,并分别用CaO+CaF2, CaO+B2O3及Li2O作为钢包渣的改质剂来降低渣粘度. 采用旋转柱体法的粘度测试结果表明,LATS合金化精炼钢包渣的粘度高及LATS处理后渣的粘度进一步升高是造成浸渍罩粘渣的主要原因之一. 实验所用3种改质剂均能有效降低钢包渣的粘度. 在1500℃无改质剂时LATS处理后钢包渣粘度为6 Pa×s,当加入10% CaO+CaF2后渣粘度低于3 Pa×s,而加入10% CaO+B2O3或加入4% Li2O都可使渣粘度低于2 Pa×s.     

氧化锆-钼金属陶瓷抗钢液及熔渣侵蚀性能

选择纯单斜氧化锆(m-ZrO2)、含3%(mol) Y2O3部分稳定氧化锆(3Y-PSZ)和含12%(mol) CeO2部分稳定氧化锆(12Ce-PSZ),添加30%(j)金属Mo,采用粉末冶金方法制备了相对密度大于95%的致密金属陶瓷试样,将金属陶瓷于1600℃下在IF钢液和Al2O3-CaO-MgO预熔渣中静态侵蚀4 h. 结果表明,金属陶瓷在不同介质中的侵蚀行为与陶瓷基体相关,纯m-ZrO2基体金属陶瓷抗钢液侵蚀性能较好,3Y-PSZ基体金属陶瓷抗熔渣侵蚀性能较好. 钢液对金属陶瓷的侵蚀主要是形成铁钼金属间化合物,熔渣的侵蚀主要是陶瓷基体与渣中CaO反应生成CaZrO3.     

铜矿渣在水泥混凝土应用的研究进展

铜矿渣应用于水泥与混凝土中可降低炼铜企业成本,又有利于环境保护.介绍了铜矿渣的物理与化学性质,对铜矿渣在水泥和混凝土领域的研究进展进行了综述.铜矿渣可作为铁质原料配置生料,配置的生料易烧性好,并能改善熟料的岩相结构和力学性能;也可作为水泥熟料混合材,所制成的水泥具有早期水化放热低、后期强度发展高等优点.铜矿渣可作为细骨料应用于混凝土中,铜矿渣混凝土具有与普通混凝土相当的工作性、力学性能与耐久性能.铜矿渣和水泥熟料有相似的化学成分,可通过物理或化学方式激发铜矿渣的活性作为胶凝材料应用于混凝土中,与Ca(OH)2反应生成与水泥水化相似的水化产物.铜矿渣可降低混凝土的脆性系数,具有减脆的作用.     

高放废液碱矿渣水泥固化体中矿渣反应程度研究

出于安全的考虑，高诳废液碱矿渣水泥固化体应该具有较高的热力学稳定性，要求在一个不太长的时间内使处于介稳态的矿渣玻璃体完全水化转化为热力学稳定的水化产物。为此分别用水杨酸甲醇－丙酮萃取法和非蒸发水法估测碱矿渣水泥中的矿渣反应率，用非蒸发水法结合ＤＴＡ法估测固化体中的矿渣反应率。     

铜渣-水泥复合胶凝材料力学性能研究

铜渣以5%、10%、15%的比例取代水泥制备铜渣-水泥复合胶凝材料.研究铜渣对水泥基胶凝材料标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、净浆抗压强度、胶砂抗折与抗压强度的影响,并利用XRD、TG/DSC和SEM-EDS技术手段分析掺入铜渣后水泥基胶凝材料物相和微观形貌的变化.研究结果表明:铜渣掺入会使水泥胶凝材料的标准稠度用水量增加,凝结时间延长,一定程度上提高水泥胶凝材料的抗折、抗压强度;铜渣-水泥胶凝材料的主要水化产物和水泥胶凝材料类似,并有Fe(OH)3/Fe(OH)2凝胶生成.铜渣-水泥复合胶凝材料微观结构较水泥胶凝材料密实.     

磷渣粉在水泥基材料中的最佳理论掺量的研究

采用激光粒度分析仪测得磷渣粉颗粒群的分布特性,差热失重分析(DTA-TG)测得磷渣粉掺量分别为0%、30%、60%、80%时Ca(OH)2的含量并回归得到磷渣粉掺量与Ca(OH)2含量的计算公式;结合SEM扫描电镜观测到磷渣粉经过180 d龄期的火山灰反应深度以及其与矿渣水化程度的比较,确定磷渣粉的反应率范围;根据磷渣粉中的活性成分SiO2和Al2O3与水泥水化产物Ca(OH)2发生的二次反应程度,来确定水泥基胶凝体系中磷渣粉的最佳理论掺量.结果表明,磷渣粉比表面积为340 m2/kg时,经过180 d龄期侵蚀后,计算得到水泥体系中磷渣粉的最大掺量范围为33.7～65.3%.     

机械活化和不锈钢渣掺量对矿渣胶凝材料性能的影响

为了促进不锈钢厂废渣的资源化利用,以红土镍矿酸性高炉渣和不锈钢渣为主要原料制备胶凝材料,研究机械活化和不锈钢渣质量掺量对矿渣胶凝材料性能的影响,并利用XRD、SEM对胶凝材料的水化产物及微观结构进行分析。结果表明,机械活化主要通过改变原料的比表面积和颗粒级配来影响胶凝材料性能,且矿渣中细颗粒占比是影响其胶凝活性的关键因素,适宜的球磨时间为45 min,此时矿渣比表面积达到524.66 m²/kg。不锈钢渣与酸性矿渣之间存在协同作用,当不锈钢渣质量掺量为20%时,胶砂试块3 d、7 d、28 d抗压强度分别为17.8 MPa、24.3 MPa 和34.8 MPa,抗折强度分别为4.5 MPa、6.2 MPa和6.8 MPa,达到P·S 32.5R矿渣硅酸盐水泥强度标准。不锈钢渣的掺入在水化早期和后期都促进钙矾石及C-S-H凝胶的生成,对胶砂试块各龄期强度都有促进作用,而未水化的钢渣细颗粒也起着微集料填充作用,有利于胶凝材料早期强度的提高。     

新型无熟料矿渣水泥的试验研究

以高炉矿渣为主要原料,添加Ca(OH)2、CaCO3、可溶性钙盐等辅助材料可在pH值较低的条件下制备出一种不需煅烧的无熟料水泥,该水泥中矿渣掺量可达80％,强度可达国标42.5级水泥要求.Ca(OH)2、CaCO3可以激发矿渣的活性,可溶性钙盐的加入降低了水泥的pH值,进一步激发了矿渣的活性.其主要水化产物为C-S-H凝胶和水化碳铝酸钙.     

碱—矿渣水泥浆体的孔结构和强度

本文研究了使用水玻璃作激发剂的碱矿渣水泥，通过化学分析，测定了水玻璃激发矿渣时化学组成的变化，分析了水玻璃化学组成对碱矿渣水泥浆体抗奢强度和孔结构的影响，结果表明，水玻璃中的氧化纳的二氧化硅对矿渣水化有不同的影响；只有当水玻璃中的氧化纳的二氧化硅在一定范围内才能获得高强度碱矿渣水泥浆体。     

Corrosion Resistance Mechanism of MgO-CaO Refractories to Refining Slag

Corrosion resistance and penetration resistance of MgO-CaO materials with different CaO contents （22%, 42%, 49%, 53%, in mass）to refining AOD slag or VOD slag were investigated using static crucible technique by visual observation, SEM and XRD. The corrosion resistance and penetration resistance of speci-mens decrease with the increase of CaO content. This may be caused by the formation of C3S and C2S during the reactions between specimens and the slag. The formed C3S and C2S can restrain the further penetration to the matrix. The higher the CaO content, the more the C2S or C3S formed, the lower the porosity of the speci-mens, and the lower the penetration depth and corrosion rate. The corrosion resistance to AOD slag is better than that to VOD slag, because the reaction between AOD slag and the matrix is slighter than that between VOD slag and the matrix.