LC4高强铝合金的慢应变速率拉伸试验

采用慢应变速率拉伸 (SSRT)技术测试了LC4铝合金在空气和质量分数为 3.5 %的NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀断裂 (SCC)行为 .研究了应变速率对铝合金SCC行为的影响和氢在LC4高强铝合金应力腐蚀断裂过程中的作用 .试验结果表明 ,LC4合金具有SCC敏感性 ,在潮湿空气中发生应力腐蚀断裂 ,而在干燥空气中不发生应力腐蚀断裂 .对于长横取向的LC4铝合金试样 ,在应变速率为 1.331× 10 6s 1时 ,其SCC敏感性比应变速率为 6 .6 5 5× 10 6s 1时的敏感性大 .在潮湿空气和阳极极化条件下 ,铝合金的应力腐蚀断裂机理是以阳极溶解为主 ,氢几乎不起作用 .在预渗氢或阴极极化条件下 ,氢脆起主要作用 ,预渗氢时间延长可加速LC4合金的应力腐蚀断裂 .     

拉伸速率对Ni40 Ti50 Fe10合金环境氢脆的影响

研究了不同应变速率对Ni40Ti50Fe10合金环境氢脆的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了拉伸断口的形貌.研究结果表明:Ni40Ti50Fe10合金在真空中的拉伸行为与应变速率无关,断口形貌主要是韧窝塑性断口.Ni40Ti50Fe10合金在空气中的塑性随着应变速率的降低而减小,断口形貌也从韧窝塑性断口转变为韧窝塑性断口和解理脆性断口的混合断口.Ni40Ti50Fe10合金在氢气中低应变速率拉伸时表现出明显的脆性,断口形貌主要为解理脆性断口.在高应变速率下(2×10-1s-1),Ni40Ti50Fe10合金在真空、空气和氢气中的塑性相近,说明在该应变速率下可以有效地抑制环境氢脆.Ni40Ti50Fe10合金的屈服强度不受应变速率和环境的影响.     

不同温度下6082铝合金的抗应力腐蚀性能

采用慢应变速率拉伸试验方法研究了6082铝合金板材在不同温度下的抗应力腐蚀性能,采用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察其显微组织,采用扫描电镜对其进行断口分析。结果表明：6082铝合金板材在70℃,3.5%(体积分数)NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀敏感性指数为6.6%,在50℃,3.5%(体积分数)NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀敏感性指数为2.3%;试样断口均无应力腐蚀特征,合金晶内析出了弥散分布的细小Mg₂Si相,晶界析出了不连续分布的Mg₂Si相,不能形成连续的沿晶腐蚀通道,试样表现为较好的抗应力腐蚀性能;温度升高使试样在腐蚀溶液中的抗拉强度下降幅度较大,试样在70℃下的应力腐蚀敏感性指数偏高。     

TC4ELI钛合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀行为研究

应力腐蚀是海洋装备用钛合金面临的主要威胁之一。为了给海洋装备的安全服役提供技术支撑，以海洋环境用TC4ELI钛合金为研究对象，根据恒位移WOL(楔形张开加载)试样测定K_ISCC的原理，系统开展了不同组织状态下TC4ELI钛合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀行为研究。用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了应力腐蚀试样断口形貌和裂纹扩展路径，用二次离子质谱仪分析了裂纹部位元素分布情况。结果表明：TC4ELI双态组织(α相与β相)板材的应力腐蚀门槛值K_ISCC为56.01 MPa·m^1/2,魏氏组织板材的应力腐蚀门槛值K_ISCC大于67.48 MPa·m^1/2,应力腐蚀试样断口主要由基体、疲劳预制区和撕裂区组成，双态组织试样疲劳预制区与撕裂区界面存在应力腐蚀区，裂纹尖端除主裂纹外还有部分次生裂纹出现；魏氏组织试样未发现明显应力腐蚀开裂特征，魏氏组织的抗应力腐蚀能力优于双态组织的。TC4ELI合金双态组织试样的应力腐蚀开裂以穿晶断裂为主，氢元素易于在裂纹尖端富集。     

应变速率对X80管线钢应力腐蚀的影响

利用慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了应变速率对X80管线钢在土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀的影响。采用的模拟溶液以我国西北部碱性土壤的化学成分为基础,在不同应变速率条件下进行试验。样品断裂后利用扫描电镜对断口形貌以及断口侧面二次裂纹进行观察。研究结果表明:X80钢在1.0×10-6s-1应变速率下表现出最高的应力腐蚀敏感性。低于该应变速率下,应力腐蚀敏感性略有降低;而高于该应变速率下,应力腐蚀敏感性明显减小。不同应变速率下应力腐蚀敏感性的差异主要是由应力腐蚀过程中腐蚀和力学作用的影响程度不同造成。应变速率低于1.0×10-6s-1时,腐蚀作用影响更大,较长的腐蚀时间造成裂纹被腐蚀,裂纹扩展受到影响,因此应力腐蚀敏感性略有降低。当应变速率高于1.0×10-6s-1时,力学作用主导整个过程,形成的裂纹没有受到足够腐蚀的情况下,在力学作用下发生快速机械扩展、断裂,因此产生了明显降低的应力腐蚀行为。     

5052-H112铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头应力腐蚀的研究

采用慢应变速率拉伸法分析了6mm厚5052铝合金及其搅拌摩擦焊接头在大气及海水环境下的应力腐蚀敏感系数,通过OM、SEM、显微硬度仪等分析了接头组织形貌、断口形貌及接头硬度。结果表明:焊核区晶粒由细小的等轴晶粒组成,平均晶粒尺寸约为5μm,为母材的1/10;合金及其接头在应变速率为3.36×10-6 s-1时的应力腐蚀敏感系数分别为1%、2%,应力腐蚀系数小;硬度最小值及接头断口均位于接头返回侧热影响区,为接头的薄弱区;接头断口均由细小、均匀的韧窝组成,呈典型的切断形貌,接头在海水中的断口韧窝较大气中平而浅,这与接头的应力腐蚀倾向有关。     

铝合金应力腐蚀的电化学研究

应用电化学测试法、恒载荷拉伸法和慢应变速率拉伸法研究了硬铝合金LY12 3.5 %NaCl溶液应力腐蚀体系的电化学特性。结果表明应变速率比应力对电化学特性的影响更大。应变速率为 1.13× 10 - 5/s时 ,应力腐蚀较为敏感 ;形变强化阶段力学、化学效应最为明显 ;LY12的应力腐蚀开裂是阳极溶解和氢脆共同作用的结果     

Fe85Ga15多晶在模拟海水中的应力腐蚀行为研究

研究了新型磁致伸缩材料Fe-Ga合金的应力腐蚀性能。采用恒载荷和慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)试验,结合电化学测试技术,研究了铸态Fe85Ga15多晶在模拟海水中的应力腐蚀。结果表明,开路电位下,模拟海水中薄板光滑试样恒载荷拉伸能够发生低于材料抗拉强度的断裂,且断裂时间明显依赖于外加应力的大小,外加应力愈大,断裂时间愈短。这表明铸态Fe85Ga15合金在模拟海水中能够发生应力腐蚀开裂(SCC),且SCC归一化门槛应力为σscc/σb=0.34。慢应变速率拉伸显示,SCC敏感性在应变速率为5×10-7/s时最大,用强度损失表示为Iσ=(1-σc/σb)×100%=35%。阴极极化升高而阳极极化降低恒载荷SCC断裂时间。这些结果初步表明铸态Fe85Ga15合金在模拟海水中的应力腐蚀为阳极溶解型。     

缺口应力集中系数对TC4 ELI合金低周疲劳性能的影响

研究了缺口应力集中系数不同的深海潜水器耐压壳用TC4 ELI(Extra-low-interstitial)合金板材在恒总应变幅控制下的低周疲劳行为。结果表明,在应变幅较低(0.7%以下)和应变幅较高(0.8%和0.9%)条件下的光滑试样在循环初期分别发生了循环硬化和循环软化,而缺口试样在0.2%～0.7%应变幅条件下的循环初期均发生了循环硬化。通过循环载荷作用下材料滞回能的变化描述了TC4 ELI合金试样低周疲劳的损伤程度,得到了缺口应力集中系数与低周疲劳性能参数之间的关系,建立了相对裂纹萌生寿命预测模型。利用该模型能较好地预测缺口应力集中系数较低的TC4 ELI合金在高应变幅条件下的相对疲劳裂纹萌生寿命。     

静水压力和阴极极化对钛合金应力腐蚀敏感性的影响

采用电化学极化实验、慢应变速率拉伸实验、断口形貌观察和恒变形应力腐蚀裂纹扩展实验的方法,研究静水压力和阴极极化对Ti75合金海水应力腐蚀的影响.结果表明:静水压力对Ti75合金的应力腐蚀敏感性没有明显影响.在阴极极化情况下,Ti75合金的应力腐蚀临界应力强度因子(KISCC)下降,其应力腐蚀敏感性随着电位的负移而提高,...     

Evaluation of stress corrosion resistance and corrosion fatigue fracture behavior of ultra-high-strength P/M Al–Zn–Mg alloy

Quasi-static tensile tests in air and slow strain rate tests (SSRTs) in a 3.5% NaCl solution were conducted in an ultra-high-strength P/M Al–Zn–Mg alloy fabricated through powder metallurgy. Attention is also paid to fatigue strength and fatigue crack growth behavior in laboratory air and in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The alloy has extremely high strength of about 800 MPa. However, elongation at break remains small, at about 1.3%. The final fracture occurs by a macroscopically flat crack normal to the tensile axis, with little reduction in area and little shear lip on the periphery of a smooth sample. However, it fails microscopically in a ductile manner, with dimples. Dimple size is less than 1 μm, because the grain size of the alloy is extremely small. Strengthening mechanisms operating in the alloy are: small grains, sufficient metastable η′ phase in a matrix, and intermetallic compound acting as a fiber reinforcement. The SSRT strength in a 3.5% NaCl solution decreases slightly at a very low strain rate, that is smaller than those observed in aluminum alloys sensitive to stress corrosion. This means that the crack initiation resistance to stress corrosion is superior. However, under cyclic loading, the corrosion fatigue strength becomes lower than that conducted in air, because pitting corrosion on a sample surface acts as a stress concentrator. Crack initiation site of quasi-static and fatigue failure of the alloy is at inclusions, and hence, it is essential to decrease inclusions in the alloy for the improvement of the mechanical properties. Fatigue crack resistance of the alloy is inferior to conventional Al–Zn–Mg alloys fabricated by ingot metallurgy, because the fatigue fracture toughness, or ductility, of the alloy is inferior to other Al alloys, and intergranular cracking promotes crack growth. However, no influence of 3.5% NaCl solution on corrosion fatigue crack growth is observed, although an investigation is required into whether stress corrosion crack growth occurs or not, and at the same time, and of corrosion fatigue crack growth behavior at lower stress intensity. The fracture surface and crack initiation sites are closely examined using a high-resolution field emission type scanning electron microscope, and the fracture mechanisms of the alloy are discussed.     

Effect of sulfide ions on the stress corrosion behaviour of Al-brass and Cu10Ni alloys in salt water

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of Al-brass and Cu10Ni alloys was investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution in absence and in presence of different concentrations of Na₂S under open-circuit potentials using the constant slow strain rate technique. The results indicated that the Cu10Ni alloy is more susceptible to stress corrosion cracking than as-received Al-brass at strain rate of 3.5 × 10^–6 s^–1 in 3.5% NaCl in presence of high concentration of sulfide ions (1000 ppm). The sulfide ions (up to 500 ppm) has no effect on the stress corrosion cracking of the annealed Al-brass in 3.5% NaCl at two strain rates of 7.4 × 10^–6 and 3.5 × 10^–6 s^–1. The results support film rupture for Al-brass and sulfide stress corrosion cracking assisted with pitting corrosion for Cu10Ni at slip steps as the operating mechanisms.     

7A52铝合金焊缝应力腐蚀性能研究

本文用20mm厚的7A52铝合金板材,采用钨极氩孤焊接工艺焊接,用慢应变速率实验方法,应变速率为1．58×10^-6s^-1,在3．5％氯化钠溶液和惰性气体中,研究了7A52铝合金焊接接头的应力腐蚀性能。试验结果表明：7A52铝舍金焊缝对应力腐蚀较为敏感,在3．5％氯化钠溶液中应力腐蚀断裂均发生在焊缝熔合线附近区,而在惰性气体中试样断裂发生在焊缝中间部位。     

Stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of ultrafine grained AZ31

In this study, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy was carried out using slow strain rate testing (SSRT) technique in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The influence of microstructural scale on the stress corrosion behavior was investigated in AZ31 alloy with three different mean grain sizes. Single-pass and two-pass friction stir processing (FSP) was employed to obtain fine grain and ultrafine grain microstructures, respectively. For FSP, SSRT specimens were extracted from the processed region. SSRTs were carried out in air and solution at an initial strain rate of 10⁻⁶/s. A significant decrease in the ultimate tensile strength was observed for FSP specimens tested in chloride solution as compared to specimens tested in air. More than 75 % loss in total elongation was observed for the specimens tested in chloride solution as compared to the ones tested in air. In comparison with base material, lower time to failure was observed for processed samples. The higher SCC susceptibility of processed microstructure is attributed to increased hydrogen adsorption and favorable basal texture.     

均匀化对EK31镁合金组织与腐蚀性能的影响

为了研究均匀化热处理对含有稀土元素Er的EK31镁合金组织及其耐蚀性能的影响,本文利用光学显微镜(OM),扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射仪(XRD)和化学工作站研究了铸态EK31镁合金在均匀化温度为300,400和500℃,保温时间由0.5 h至8 h热处理后的组织结构和在3.5 wt.%的Na Cl水溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,EK31镁合金主要由基体α-Mg晶粒和β-Zr核相组成.经过300℃×6 h均匀化处理后,合金基体α-Mg中的β-Zr核相溶解扩散,在3.5%Na Cl水溶液中浸泡96 h后的腐蚀速率达到最低,为4.3×10-3mg/(cm2·h);当均匀化温度为400和500℃时,保温时间超过6 h后,在晶界附近富集的稀土元素Er生成Mg24Er5相,使该合金的腐蚀速率上升到1.1×10-2mg/(cm2·h).然而,与其它镁合金相比较,EK31镁合金具有优异的耐蚀性能,其原因为稀土元素Er在晶界附近形成富Er区以及Mg24Er5相的阻碍作用.     

Evaluation of the stress corrosion cracking behaviour of damage-tolerant Al---Li sheet using the slow strain rate testing technique

Slow strain rate tests were performed on longitudinal tensile specimens of 8090-T81 sheet under permanent immersion conditions in various synthetic environments. Strain rates were in the range 10⁻⁷−10⁻⁴ s⁻¹. Environmentally assisted cracking is observed in aqueous chloride-carbonate-hydrogencarbonate solutions. Near neutral 3.5% NaCl solution and also 3% NaCl solution with hydrogen peroxide added do not promote stress corrosion cracking with 8090-T81 alloy sheet. The degradation of ductility found with tensile specimens immersed in the latter corrosive environments is caused by localized corrosion independent of stress. Fracture energy data obtained from slow strain rate tests in substitute ocean water reveal a large scatter. Again, the deterioration observed is not related to stress corrosion cracking. Slow strain rate tests were also carried out with longitudinal tensile specimens of 2091-T8X and 2091 CPHK-T8X alloy sheet using an aqueous solution of 3% NaCl + 0.3% H₂O₂. For the alloy 2091 CPHK-T8X, similar results were obtained to those with 8090-T81, whereas 2091-T8X sheet is prone to environment-induced cracking in the aqueous chloride-peroxide solution.     

Zn-Al-Mg-Ce合金耐长江水和3.5%盐水腐蚀性能研究

研究了Zn-Al-Mg-Ce合金在长江水及3.5%NaCl(质量分数)盐水中的浸泡腐蚀性能,分别测试了其电化学性能,并与Zn、Zn-Al合金、Zn-Al-Mg合金做对比试验。采用扫描电镜和能谱分析了微观组织及成分,分析了耐蚀机理。结果表明:Zn-Al-Mg-Ce合金无论在长江水或3.5%盐水中都显示出电极电位最负、腐蚀电流最小、腐蚀速度最小,其腐蚀速度分别只有Zn的19.4%和23.7%,腐蚀速度由小到大依次为:Zn-Al-Mg-Ce相似文献   

Mechanical properties and microstructures of new Ti–Fe–Ta and Ti–Fe–Ta–Zr system alloys

β-type titanium alloys consisting of non-toxic elements, Ti–8Fe–8Ta, Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr, and Ti–10Fe–10Ta–4Zr, were newly designed and developed for biomedical applications. Changes in the mechanical properties of the designed alloys with various heat treatments were discussed on the basis of the resultant microstructures. In addition, the corrosion resistance of the designed alloys was evaluated by polarization testing in Hank's solution. Conventional biomedical titanium (cp-Ti) and the titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V ELI were also polarized for comparison.The structural phase of the designed alloys, after cold rolling and solution treatment, was only the β phase. Ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of Ti–8Fe–8Ta, Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr, and Ti–10Fe–10Ta–4Zr after solution treatment were 1066 MPa and 10%, 1051 MPa and 10%, and 1092 MPa and 6%, respectively. Ti–8Fe–8Ta and Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr have higher strength than those of conventional biomedical titanium alloys such as Ti–6Al–4V ELI, Ti–6Al–7Nb, and Ti–13Nb–13Zr. In particular, the elongations at failure of Ti–8Fe–8Ta and Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr were equal to those of Ti–6Al–4V ELI and Ti–6Al–7Nb. The designed alloys and conventional biomedical titanium alloys were spontaneously passivated in Hank's solution. The current density of cp-Ti and Ti–6Al–4V ELI was increased at a potential above 2.5 V. On the other hand, the current density of the designed alloys abruptly increased at a potential above 3.5 V. The designed alloys have the advantage over cp-Ti and Ti–6Al–4V ELI in their high resistance to pitting corrosion in biological environments.Therefore, new β-type titanium alloys designed in this study, Ti–8Fe–8Ta and Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr, are expected to have good properties as biomaterials.     

3.5%NaCl腐蚀环境下2种航空铝合金材料疲劳性能试验研究

腐蚀环境下的疲劳性能是航空金属结构疲劳寿命设计的重要前提,为此,试验测定了2种航空铝合金材料（2E12-T3、7050-T7451）的光滑试样和缺口试样在干燥大气和3.5%NaCl腐蚀环境下的疲劳性能,在试验数据的基础上进行性能对比,并对试样断口进行扫描电镜（SEM）分析,研究了3.5%NaCl腐蚀环境与载荷联合作用对腐蚀疲劳性能的影响机理,研究结果表明:3.5%NaCl腐蚀环境对2种铝合金材料的疲劳性能均产生不利影响,且腐蚀与疲劳载荷的交互作用随着应力水平的降低而增强,疲劳性能下降更明显;与光滑试样相比,腐蚀环境对铝合金2E12-T3缺口试样疲劳性能的影响更大,但对铝合金7050-T7451缺口试样疲劳性能的影响却变小;在腐蚀环境下,裂纹尖端易发生电化学反应产生腐蚀产物和[H]离子,腐蚀产物的存在会阻碍裂纹闭合,同时,[H]离子导致裂纹尖端的氢脆效应,加快裂纹扩展,使疲劳性能降低。